Cambridge Lower Secondary Mathematics Level 8 Unit 3
Cambridge Lower Secondary Mathematics Level 8 Unit 3
Cambridge Lower Secondary Mathematics Level 8 Unit 3
Mathematics Level 8
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Tip
We usually label pairs of parallel lines with
matching arrows.
Here, there is a third straight line crossing two
parallel lines. It is called a transversal.
Where the transversal crosses the parallel lines,
four angles are formed.
Angles a and e are called corresponding angles.
Angles d and h are also corresponding angles. So
are b and f. So are c and g.
Corresponding angles are equal.
Angles d and f are called alternate angles.
Angles c and e are also alternate angles.
Alternate angles are equal.
Tip
Alternate angles are always between the parallel lines.
Focus and practice p62-63
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3.2 The exterior angle of a triangle
So a + b = 180° − c
Also d + c = 180°, the sum of the angles on a straight line.
So d = 180° − c
Compare these two results and you can see that d = a + b
This shows that:
The exterior angle of a triangle = the sum of the two interior opposite angles.
This is true for any triangle
Focus and practice p65-66
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3.3 Constructions
You need to be able to draw a triangle when you know some of the sides and angles.
You can do this using computer software. You can also do it using a ruler and compasses.
Here are four different examples of how to construct triangles.
1. When you know two angles and the side between them, this is known as ASA.
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2. When you know two sides and the angle between them, this is known as SAS.
Tip
An arc is part of a circle.
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3. When you know the three sides but no angles, this is known as SSS.
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4. When one angle is a right angle, and you know the length of the hypotenuse and one
other side, this is known as RHS.
Tip
The hypotenuse is the side opposite the right angle.
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There are two other constructions that you need to be able to do using a ruler and
compasses:
1. Construct the bisector of a line segment.
This is a line through the mid-point of the line segment and perpendicular to it.
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2. Construct the bisector of an angle.
This is a line that divides an angle into two equal parts.
Tip
When you do any construction, do not rub out your construction lines. Draw them
faintly and leave them on your drawing.