Report on

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Department of Artificial Intelligence &

Machine Learning

by

PABITRA SAMANTA 12230623030

1st semester

Course Code: ES-EE101

Course Name: Basic Electrical Engineering

St. Thomas’ College of Engineering and Technology, Kolkata

Affiliated to

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology,

West Bengal

Session: 2023-2024
 St. Thomas’ College of Engineering & Technology

CONTENTS

Topics Page No .

Abstract

1. Introduction to 1-Phase Induction Motor 01

2. Definition of 1-Phase Induction Motor 02

3. 1-Phase Induction Motor Diagram 02

4. 1-Phase Induction Motor Working Principle 03

5. 1-Phase Induction Motor Construction 04

6. Types of 1-Phase Induction Motor 04

7. Applications of 1-Phase Induction Motor 05

8. Conclusion 06

9. References 06

Appendix 07

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ABSTRACT

This report delves into the intricacies of single-phase induction motors, exploring their

fundamental principles, operational characteristics, applications, and recent advancements.

Single-phase induction motors play a crucial role in various industries and

Household appliances due to their simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The report

aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic, addressing both theoretical concepts

and practical considerations. Furthermore, recent developments and emerging technologies

in the field are discussed to highlight potential improvements and future directions.

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INTRODUCTION

The development of single-phase induction motors can be traced back to the pioneering work of

Nikola Tesla and others in the late 19th century. Since then, these motors have evolved and adapted

to meet the diverse needs of various industries and households. Their design simplicity and ability

to operate on a single-phase AC power supply make them an attractive choice in situations where

three-phase power is impractical or unavailable.

This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of single-phase induction motors, covering

their fundamental principles, construction, operational characteristics, applications, control

strategies, recent advancements, and maintenance considerations.

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DEFINITION

A single-phase induction motor is an alternating current (AC) electric motor that operates on a single-
phase power supply. It is a type of induction motor, which means that it induces a rotating magnetic
field within the motor without the need for any physical connection between the stator and rotor
windings.

The basic construction of a single-phase induction motor consists of two main parts: the stator and the
rotor. The stator is the stationary part of the motor and is responsible for generating a rotating
magnetic field when energized by a single-phase AC power source. This rotating magnetic field
induces a current in the rotor (usually made of aluminum or copper) which, in turn, produces a
magnetic field.

Fig1: Diagram of a 1-Phase I-M Fig2: Circuit Diagram of a 1-Phase I-M

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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 1-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

The working principle of a single-phase induction motor involves the creation of a rotating magnetic
field in the stator, which induces currents in the rotor, causing it to rotate. Here's a step-by-step
explanation of the working principle:

Stator Construction:
• The stator is the stationary part of the motor and consists of a laminated core made of iron or
steel. Windings are placed around the stator core, and these windings are connected to a single-
phase AC power supply.

Creation of a Rotating Magnetic Field:

• To overcome the absence of a naturally rotating magnetic field, various techniques are
employed. Common methods include using split-phase windings, capacitors, or shading coils.
These methods create a phase shift between different parts of the stator winding, resulting in a
rotating magnetic field.

Induction in the Rotor:

• The rotating magnetic field produced by the stator induces a current in the rotor windings. In a
single-phase induction motor, the rotor is typically a squirrel-cage rotor, consisting of short-
circuited conductive bars.

Production of a Secondary Magnetic Field:

• The induced current in the rotor produces its own magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts
with the rotating magnetic field of the stator, creating a torque on the rotor.

Starting Mechanism:
• Single-phase induction motors often employ additional mechanisms to initiate rotation. Common
starting methods include split-phase windings (creating a phase shift between two sets of
windings), capacitor-start (using a capacitor to introduce a phase shift), or shaded pole designs
(utilizing a shaded pole to create a phase difference).

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SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR CONSTRUCTION

The construction of a single-phase induction motor involves several key components that work
together to enable its operation. Here is an overview of the main components and their roles:

1)Stator:
The stator is the stationary part of the motor and is typically made of laminated iron or steel.

2)Main Winding:
The main winding is a coil of wire wound around the stator.

3)Auxiliary Winding:
The auxiliary winding is often made with finer wire and is connected in series with a capacitor.

4)Rotor:
The rotor is the rotating part of the motor and is located inside the stator. In single-phase induction
motors, the rotor is typically a squirrel-cage rotor, consisting of laminated iron or steel core with
conductive bars or short-circuited coils. The rotor rotates due to the interaction with the rotating
magnetic field produced by the stator.

5)Shaded Poles (in Shaded Pole Motors):

In shaded pole single-phase induction motors, part of the stator poles is shaded by a copper or
aluminum ring. This shading creates a phase difference, generating a rotating magnetic field and
inducing rotor currents.

TYPES OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

1)Split-Phase Induction Motors
2)Capacitor-Start Induction Motors
3) Capacitor-Run Induction Motors
4) Shaded Pole Induction Motors

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APPLICATION OF SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Applications:
1) Domestic Appliances
2) Commercial and Industrial Applications
3) Agricultural Uses
4) Challenges in Specific Applications

DIAGRAM OF INDIVIDUAL PART OF 1-PHASE I.M

Fig3:-Stator and rotor

CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the report has provided a comprehensive exploration of single-phase induction

motors, delving into their theoretical foundations, operational characteristics, diverse applications,
control strategies, recent advancements, and maintenance considerations

REFERENCES
1)T.K. NAGSARKAR, M.S. SUKHIJA, “PRINCIPLE OF BASIC ENGINEERING” pg-305,
Edition:-2021

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APPENDIX
1. Stator: The stationary part of the motor that contains the main winding and is responsible
for generating a rotating magnetic field.

2. Rotor: The rotating part of the motor that responds to the rotating magnetic field and
produces mechanical motion.

3. Auxiliary Winding: An additional winding, often used in split-phase or capacitor-start

motors, to create a phase shift for starting purposes.

4. Squirrel-Cage Rotor: A type of rotor design consisting of conductive bars or coils

short-circuited at the ends by end rings.

5. Centrifugal Switch: A switch used in capacitor-start motors that disconnects the

starting winding and capacitor once the motor reaches a certain speed.

6. Shaded Poles: Part of the stator poles shaded by a copper or aluminum ring, creating a
phase difference in shaded pole motors.

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