EEE 5a

Peripheral Interface-I
Arduino Board
GPIO
• GPIO-General purpose input output.
• Arduino uno has 14 digital input/output pins and 6
analog input pins.
• Digital I/O:
• Each of the 14 pins can be used as input /output.
• They operate at 5Volts.Each pin can provide 20mA
and has internal pull-up resistor of 20-50Kohm.
Specialized function pins
• Serial:0(Rx) & 1(Tx):these pin are used to receive(Rx) and
transmit(Tx) serial data.These pins are connected to
corresponding pins of Atmega 328P.
• External interrupt: 2&3: These pins can be configured to
trigger an interrupt on a low value, rising or falling edge ,or
change in value.
• PWM:3,5,6,9,10,11 pins: These pins provide 8 bit PWM
output.
• SPI:10(SS),11(MOSI),12(MISO),13(SCK): These pins
support SPI communication using SPI library.
• LED:13: There is built in LED driven by pin 13.
•
• Analog inputs: The Uno has 6 inputs A0 to A5.
• Each of which provide 10 bit resolution.
• 1024 different values.
• They measure from ground to 5Volts.
• The reference voltage is changed using AREF and
analogReference() function.
Digital input and output
• Each of 14 digital pins on the Arduino can be used as input or
output, using pinMode(),digitalWrite() and digitalRead()
function.
• pinMode():Configures the specified pin to behave either as an
input or an output.
• Syntax: pinMode(pin, mode)
• Parameters:
• Pin : pin number whose mode you wish to set
• Mode : INPUT, OUTPUT, or INPUT_PULLUP.
• Example
• pinMode (11, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin 11 as output
• digitalWrite( )
• If the pin has been configured as an OUTPUT
• digitalWrite pin writes a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital
pin.
• If the pin is configured as an INPUT-digitalWrite() will enable
or disable internal pullup on the input pin.
• If the pin is configured as OUTPUT,its voltage will be set to
5V for HIGH,0V for LOW.
• Syntax: digitalWrite( pin, value)
• Parameters:
• Pin : pin number whose value to be changed
• value : HIGH or LOW
• Example
• digitalWrite (11, HIGH)
• digitalRead()
• Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or
LOW.
• Syntax: digitalRead(pin)
• Parameters:
• Pin : pin number whose value to be read
• Returns:High or LOW
• Example:
• byte Val = digitalRead(11)
UART Concept
• UART:-Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter.
• It is computer hardware that transmits the data between
parallel and serial forms.
• It is the integrated circuit that are used for serial
communication that contains a receiver (Serial to parallel
converter) and transmitter (parallel to serial converter),each
clocked separately.
• The parallel side of UART is connected to the bus of computer.
• When computer writes a byte to the transmit register of
UART,the UART will start to transmit it on the serial line.
• UARTs are often used with communication standard such as
RS-232,RS-485.
• Several modern integrated circuits used device
called USART to communicate synchronously
/asynchronously.
• Applications of UART:
• GPS units
• Modems
• Wireless communication
• Bluetooth modules
Asynchronous Serial Communication
• The bits of character or data word are sent at constant
rate but bits are come at any rate as long as they don’t
overlap.
• When no character/bit is sent a line stays high at logic
‘1’called mark and logic ‘0’called space.
• The beginning of character is indicated by a start
bit which is always low. This is used to synchronize
transmitter and receiver.
• Stop bit is always high.
• Baud Rate: Transmission of data can be expressed as
bits /sec. The bits/second is called as baud rate.
LCD display
LCD Display mode
• 8 bit mode
• Uses all 8 data lines DB0-DB7
• Data transferred to LCD in byte units
• Interface requires 10 (sometimes 11) I/O pins of
microcontroller (DB0-DB7, RS, E) (sometimes R/W).
• 4-bit mode
• 4-bit (nibble) data transfer
• Each byte transfer is done in two steps: high order
nibble, then low order nibble
• Interface requires only 6 (sometimes 7) I/O pins of
• microcontroller (DB4-DB7, RS, E)
Serial Communication
• Serial Hardware:Serial hardware send and receives
data as a electrical pulses that represents sequential
bits.
• Data is carried in zeros(0s) and ones(1s) format.
• In arduino 0volts is represented by a bit value 0,and 5
volts is represented by bit value 1.
• In arduino serial communication hardware uses
digital pin 0(RX) and Digital pin 1(TX).
• Some serial devices uses RS-232 standard for serial
connection.
Serial Communication
• Serial Software:
• For serial communication arduino has built in library.
• With help of this library communication with
hardware port is possible.
• For serial communication we require: computer,USB
cable,Arduino uno,and Arduino IDE.
•
Serial communication
• Serial.print()
• Syntax: Serial.print(val)
Serial.print(val,format)
– Val:the value to print –any data type
– Format: specifies the number base or number of
decimal places
Ex:Serial.print(78) gives 78.

Serial.print(78,BIN) gives 1001110
Serial.print(78,OCT) gives 116
S Serial.print(78,DEC) gives 78
erial.print(78,HEX) gives 4E
• Serial.println():
• Print data to the serial port as a human readable
ASCII text and newline character.
• Serial.println(1.2356,0) gives 1.
• Serial.println(1.2356,2) gives 1.23
• Write a sketch which prints sequential
number on serial monitor
Void setup() Output: by clicking serial
monitor
{ output displayed as
follows
Serial.begin(9600); The number is
0
} The number is 1
int number=0; The number is 2
Void loop()
{
Serial.print(“The number is”);

EEE 5a

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EEE 5a

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Peripheral Interface-I

Ex:Serial.print(78) gives 78.

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