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    This document contains solutions to 8 practice problems from the NPTEL Basic Real Analysis 2020 course. The problems cover topics like sets, functions, limits, inequalities, and proofs by induction. For each problem, the solution provides a clear and concise explanation of the reasoning and steps to reach the answer. This allows readers to check their own work and build their skills in solving real analysis problems.

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    This document contains solutions to 8 practice problems from the NPTEL Basic Real Analysis 2020 course. The problems cover topics like sets, functions, limits, inequalities, and proofs by induction. For each problem, the solution provides a clear and concise explanation of the reasoning and steps to reach the answer. This allows readers to check their own work and build their skills in solving real analysis problems.

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    This document contains solutions to 8 practice problems from the NPTEL Basic Real Analysis 2020 course. The problems cover topics like sets, functions, limits, inequalities, and proofs by induction. For each problem, the solution provides a clear and concise explanation of the reasoning and steps to reach the answer. This allows readers to check their own work and build their skills in solving real analysis problems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views2 pages

    Assignment 0 Solutions

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    pspspspspspspsps000
    This document contains solutions to 8 practice problems from the NPTEL Basic Real Analysis 2020 course. The problems cover topics like sets, functions, limits, inequalities, and proofs by induction. For each problem, the solution provides a clear and concise explanation of the reasoning and steps to reach the answer. This allows readers to check their own work and build their skills in solving real analysis problems.

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    NPTEL Basic Real Analysis 2020

    Assignment 0 Solutions

    Course Instructor: Prof. I. K. Rana Course TA: S. Venkitesh

    This is a set of questions to give you a feel of the kind of problems that you would learn
    to solve in this course. Attempt these as many times as you wish, with as much time as
    you need. You DO NOT have to submit the solutions, and you will NOT be graded for this
    assignment.

    (1) Let N = {0, 1, 2, . . .}.


    T T
    Is the set n∈N (−n, n) nonempty? Find n∈N (−n, n).
    T T
    Is the set n∈N [−n, n] nonempty? Find n∈N [−n, n].
    Solution. We note that 0 ∈ (−n, n), for all n ∈ Z+ , but the set (−0, 0) = ∅. So
    T
    n∈N (−n, n) = ∅.
    Further,
    T we note that 0 ∈ [−n, n], for all n ∈ N. Also the set [−0, 0] = {0}. So
    n∈N [−n, n] = {0}.

    (2) Is the function f : R → R, f (x) = sin x, injective?


    Solution. We note that sin x = 0 if and only if x = nπ, for any n ∈ Z. So f −1 (0) =
    {nπ : n ∈ Z} and hence f is not injective.

    (3) What is the range of the function f : R → R, f (x) = 2x + 5?


    Solution. Consider any y ∈ R. Then we can solve the equation 2x + 5 = y to obtain
    x = y−5
    2
    . So for every y ∈ R, there exists x = y−5
    2
    ∈ R such that f (x) = 2x + 5 = y.
    Hence the range of f is equal to R.

    (4) Prove by induction that

    n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
    12 + 22 + · · · + n2 = , for all n ∈ Z+ .
    6

    Solution. The statement is true for n = 1 (Check!). Now assume the statement is true

    1
    for some n ∈ Z+ . Then we get
    n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
    12 + · · · + n2 + (n + 1)2 = + (n + 1)2
    6
    (n + 1)(n(2n + 1) + 6(n + 1))
    =
    6
    (n + 1)(n + 2)(2n + 3)
    =
    6
    (n + 1)((n + 1) + 1)(2(n + 1) + 1)
    = .
    6
    So by induction, the statement is true, for all n ∈ Z+ .

    (5) Consider the function f : Z+ → Z defined by

    f (1) = 3, f (2) = 5, f (n) = 3f (n − 1) − 2f (n − 2), for all n ≥ 3.

    Show that f (n) = 1 + 2n , for all n ∈ Z+ .


    Solution. We prove by induction on n. The result is clear for n = 1, 2. Consider any
    n ∈ Z+ , n ≥ 3. Then we get

    f (n) = 3f (n − 1) − 2f (n − 2) = 3(1 + 2n−1 ) − 2(1 + 2n−2 ) = 1 + 3 · 2n−1 + 2 · 2n−1 = 1 + 2n .

    So by induction, the statement is true, for all n ∈ Z+ .

    (6) Is it true that for every x ∈ R, there exists n ∈ N such that x ≤ n?


    Solution. Consider any x ∈ R. If x ≤ 0, then clearly the statement is true. So now
    assume x > 0. Suppose n < x, for all n ∈ N. We know that limn→∞ n = ∞. But we also
    have limn→∞ n ≤ limn→∞ x = x, which is a contradiction. So the statement is true.

    (7) For any x ∈ (0, ∞), show that

    x2 ≥ x, if x ∈ [1, ∞)
    x2 < x, if x ∈ (0, 1).

    Solution. Consider any x ∈ (0, ∞). Suppose x ∈ [1, ∞), that is, x ≥ 1. So x2 = x · x ≥
    1 · x = x.
    Now suppose x ∈ (0, 1), that is, x < 1. So x2 = x · x < 1 · x = x.
    S T
    (8) What is the set n∈N [0, n] equal to? What is the set n∈Z+ [0, 1/n) equal to?
    Solution. Consider any x ∈ R, x ≥ 0. Then by (6), there exists n ∈ N such that
    x ≤ n, that is, x ∈ [0, n]. Also for any x < 0, we have x 6∈ [0, n], for all n ∈ N. Thus
    S
    n∈N [0, n] = {x ∈ R : x ≥ 0}.
    Clearly, 0 ∈ n∈Z+ [0, 1/n). Further, x 6∈ [0, 1/n), for any n ∈ Z+ , if x < 0. Now consider
    S
    any x > 0. Then 1/x > 0 and S by (6), there exists n ∈ Z+ such that 1/x < n, that is,
    x > 1/n. So x 6∈ [0, 1/n). Thus n∈Z+ [0, 1/n) = {0}.

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