Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5

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 DSM-5 Task Force
DAVID J. KUPFER, M.D.
Task Force Chair
DARREL A. REGIER, M.D., M.P.H.
Task Force Vice-Chair
William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H., Susan K. Schultz, M.D., Text Editor
Research Director Emily A. Kuhl, Ph.D., APA Text Editor
Dan G. Blazer, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H. Charles P. O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D.
Jack D. Burke Jr., M.D., M.P.H. Roger Peele, M.D.
William T. Carpenter Jr., M.D. Katharine A. Phillips, M.D.
F. Xavier Castellanos, M.D. Daniel S. Pine, M.D.
Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E. Charles F. Reynolds III, M.D.
Joel E. Dimsdale, M.D. Maritza Rubio-Stipec, Sc.D.
Javier I. Escobar, M.D., M.Sc. David Shaffer, M.D.
Jan A. Fawcett, M.D. Andrew E. Skodol II, M.D.
Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., Ph.D. (2009–) Susan E. Swedo, M.D.
Steven E. Hyman, M.D. (2007–2012) B. Timothy Walsh, M.D.
Dilip V. Jeste, M.D. (2007–2011) Philip Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H. (2007–2012)
Helena C. Kraemer, Ph.D. William M. Womack, M.D.
Daniel T. Mamah, M.D., M.P.E. Kimberly A. Yonkers, M.D.
James P. McNulty, A.B., Sc.B. Kenneth J. Zucker, Ph.D.
Howard B. Moss, M.D. (2007–2009) Norman Sartorius, M.D., Ph.D., Consultant

APA Division of Research Staff on DSM-5

Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H., Jennifer J. Shupinka, Assistant Director,
Director, Division of Research DSM Operations
William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H., Seung-Hee Hong, DSM Senior Research
Associate Director Associate
Emily A. Kuhl, Ph.D., Senior Science Anne R. Hiller, DSM Research Associate
Writer; Staff Text Editor Alison S. Beale, DSM Research Associate
Diana E. Clarke, Ph.D., M.Sc., Research Spencer R. Case, DSM Research Associate
Statistician
Joyce C. West, Ph.D., M.P.P.,
Lisa H. Greiner, M.S.S.A., DSM-5 Field Health Policy Research Director, Practice
Trials Project Manager Research Network
Eve K. Moscicki, Sc.D., M.P.H., Farifteh F. Duffy, Ph.D.,
Director, Practice Research Network Quality Care Research Director, Practice
S. Janet Kuramoto, Ph.D. M.H.S., Research Network
Senior Scientific Research Associate, Lisa M. Countis, Field Operations
Practice Research Network Manager, Practice Research Network

Amy Porfiri, M.B.A. Christopher M. Reynolds,

Director of Finance and Administration Executive Assistant

APA Office of the Medical Director

JAMES H. SCULLY JR., M.D.
Medical Director and CEO
 Editorial and Coding Consultants
Michael B. First, M.D. Maria N. Ward, M.Ed., RHIT, CCS-P

DSM-5 Work Groups

ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
DAVID SHAFFER, M.D.
Chair
F. XAVIER CASTELLANOS, M.D.
Co-Chair
Paul J. Frick, Ph.D., Text Coordinator Luis Augusto Rohde, M.D., Sc.D.
Glorisa Canino, Ph.D. Rosemary Tannock, Ph.D.
Terrie E. Moffitt, Ph.D. Eric A. Taylor, M.B.
Joel T. Nigg, Ph.D. Richard Todd, Ph.D., M.D. (d. 2008)

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum, Posttraumatic,

and Dissociative Disorders
KATHARINE A. PHILLIPS, M.D.
Chair
Michelle G. Craske, Ph.D., Text Scott L. Rauch, M.D.
Coordinator H. Blair Simpson, M.D., Ph.D.
J. Gavin Andrews, M.D. David Spiegel, M.D.
Susan M. Bögels, Ph.D. Dan J. Stein, M.D., Ph.D.
Matthew J. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D. Murray B. Stein, M.D.
Eric Hollander, M.D. (2007–2009) Robert J. Ursano, M.D.
Roberto Lewis-Fernández, M.D., M.T.S. Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Ph.D.
Robert S. Pynoos, M.D., M.P.H.

Childhood and Adolescent Disorders

DANIEL S. PINE, M.D.
Chair
Ronald E. Dahl, M.D. James F. Leckman, M.D.
E. Jane Costello, Ph.D. (2007–2009) Ellen Leibenluft, M.D.
Regina Smith James, M.D. Judith H. L. Rapoport, M.D.
Rachel G. Klein, Ph.D. Charles H. Zeanah, M.D.

Eating Disorders
B. TIMOTHY WALSH, M.D.
Chair
Stephen A. Wonderlich, Ph.D., Richard E. Kreipe, M.D.
Text Coordinator Marsha D. Marcus, Ph.D.
Evelyn Attia, M.D. James E. Mitchell, M.D.
Anne E. Becker, M.D., Ph.D., Sc.M. Ruth H. Striegel-Moore, Ph.D.
Rachel Bryant-Waugh, M.D. G. Terence Wilson, Ph.D.
Hans W. Hoek, M.D., Ph.D. Barbara E. Wolfe, Ph.D. A.P.R.N.
 Mood Disorders
JAN A. FAWCETT, M.D.
Chair
Ellen Frank, Ph.D., Text Coordinator Kenneth S. Kendler, M.D.
Jules Angst, M.D. (2007–2008) (2007–2010)
William H. Coryell, M.D. Mario Maj, M.D., Ph.D.
Lori L. Davis, M.D. Husseini K. Manji, M.D. (2007–2008)
Raymond J. DePaulo, M.D. Michael R. Phillips, M.D.
Sir David Goldberg, M.D. Trisha Suppes, M.D., Ph.D.
James S. Jackson, Ph.D. Carlos A. Zarate, M.D.

Neurocognitive Disorders
DILIP V. JESTE, M.D. (2007–2011)
Chair Emeritus
DAN G. BLAZER, M.D., PH.D., M.P.H.
Chair
RONALD C. PETERSEN, M.D., PH.D.
Co-Chair
Mary Ganguli, M.D., M.P.H., Igor Grant, M.D.
Text Coordinator Eric J. Lenze, M.D.
Deborah Blacker, M.D., Sc.D. Jane S. Paulsen, Ph.D.
Warachal Faison, M.D. (2007–2008) Perminder S. Sachdev, M.D., Ph.D.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders
SUSAN E. SWEDO, M.D.
Chair
Gillian Baird, M.A., M.B., B.Chir., Joseph Piven, M.D.
Text Coordinator Sally J. Rogers, Ph.D.
Edwin H. Cook Jr., M.D. Sarah J. Spence, M.D., Ph.D.
Francesca G. Happé, Ph.D. Rosemary Tannock, Ph.D.
James C. Harris, M.D. Fred Volkmar, M.D. (2007–2009)
Walter E. Kaufmann, M.D. Amy M. Wetherby, Ph.D.
Bryan H. King, M.D. Harry H. Wright, M.D.
Catherine E. Lord, Ph.D.

Personality and Personality Disorders1

ANDREW E. SKODOL, M.D.
Chair
JOHN M. OLDHAM, M.D.
Co-Chair
Robert F. Krueger, Ph.D., Text Lee Anna Clark, Ph.D.
Coordinator W. John Livesley, M.D., Ph.D. (2007–2012)
Renato D. Alarcon, M.D., M.P.H. Leslie C. Morey, Ph.D.
Carl C. Bell, M.D. Larry J. Siever, M.D.
Donna S. Bender, Ph.D. Roel Verheul, Ph.D. (2008–2012)

1
The members of the Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group are responsible for the
alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders that is included in Section III. The Section II
personality disorders criteria and text (with updating of the text) are retained from DSM-IV-TR.
 Psychotic Disorders
WILLIAM T. CARPENTER JR., M.D.
Chair
Deanna M. Barch, Ph.D., Text Dolores Malaspina, M.D., M.S.P.H.
Coordinator Michael J. Owen, M.D., Ph.D.
Juan R. Bustillo, M.D. Susan K. Schultz, M.D.
Wolfgang Gaebel, M.D. Rajiv Tandon, M.D.
Raquel E. Gur, M.D., Ph.D. Ming T. Tsuang, M.D., Ph.D.
Stephan H. Heckers, M.D. Jim van Os, M.D.

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

KENNETH J. ZUCKER, PH.D.
Chair
Lori Brotto, Ph.D., Text Coordinator Martin P. Kafka, M.D.
Irving M. Binik, Ph.D. Richard B. Krueger, M.D.
Ray M. Blanchard, Ph.D. Niklas Långström, M.D., Ph.D.
Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis, Ph.D. Heino F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg, Dr. rer. nat.
Jack Drescher, M.D. Friedemann Pfäfflin, M.D.
Cynthia A. Graham, Ph.D. Robert Taylor Segraves, M.D., Ph.D.

Sleep-Wake Disorders
CHARLES F. REYNOLDS III, M.D.
Chair
Ruth M. O’Hara, Ph.D., Text Coordinator Kathy P. Parker, Ph.D., R.N.
Charles M. Morin, Ph.D. Susan Redline, M.D., M.P.H.
Allan I. Pack, Ph.D. Dieter Riemann, Ph.D.

Somatic Symptom Disorders

JOEL E. DIMSDALE, M.D.
Chair
James L. Levenson, M.D., Text Michael R. Irwin, M.D.
Coordinator Francis J. Keefe, Ph.D. (2007–2011)
Arthur J. Barsky III, M.D. Sing Lee, M.D.
Francis Creed, M.D. Michael Sharpe, M.D.
Nancy Frasure-Smith, Ph.D. (2007–2011) Lawson R. Wulsin, M.D.

Substance-Related Disorders
CHARLES P. O’BRIEN, M.D., PH.D.
Chair
THOMAS J. CROWLEY, M.D.
Co-Chair
Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E., Thomas R. Kosten, M.D. (2007–2008)
Text Coordinator Walter Ling, M.D.
Marc Auriacombe, M.D. Spero M. Manson, Ph.D. (2007-2008)
Guilherme L. G. Borges, M.D., Dr.Sc. A. Thomas McLellan, Ph.D. (2007–2008)
Kathleen K. Bucholz, Ph.D. Nancy M. Petry, Ph.D.
Alan J. Budney, Ph.D. Marc A. Schuckit, M.D.
Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., Ph.D. Wim van den Brink, M.D., Ph.D.
Deborah S. Hasin, Ph.D. (2007–2008)
 DSM-5 Study Groups
Diagnostic Spectra and DSM/ICD Harmonization
STEVEN E. HYMAN, M.D.
Chair (2007–2012)
William T. Carpenter Jr., M.D. William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H.
Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E. Charles P. O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D.
Jan A. Fawcett, M.D. John M. Oldham, M.D.
Helena C. Kraemer, Ph.D. Katharine A. Phillips, M.D.
David J. Kupfer, M.D. Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H.

Lifespan Developmental Approaches

ERIC J. LENZE, M.D.
Chair
SUSAN K. SCHULTZ, M.D.
Chair Emeritus
DANIEL S. PINE, M.D.
Chair Emeritus
Dan G. Blazer, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H. Daniel T. Mamah, M.D., M.P.E.
F. Xavier Castellanos, M.D. Andrew E. Skodol II, M.D.
Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E. Susan E. Swedo, M.D.

Gender and Cross-Cultural Issues

KIMBERLY A. YONKERS, M.D.
Chair
ROBERTO LEWIS-FERNÁNDEZ, M.D., M.T.S.
Co-Chair, Cross-Cultural Issues
Renato D. Alarcon, M.D., M.P.H. Leslie C. Morey, Ph.D.
Diana E. Clarke, Ph.D., M.Sc. William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H.
Javier I. Escobar, M.D., M.Sc. Roger Peele, M.D.
Ellen Frank, Ph.D. Philip Wang, M.D., Dr.P.H. (2007–2012)
James S. Jackson, Ph.D. William M. Womack, M.D.
Spiro M. Manson, Ph.D. (2007–2008) Kenneth J. Zucker, Ph.D.
James P. McNulty, A.B., Sc.B.

Psychiatric/General Medical Interface

LAWSON R. WULSIN, M.D.
Chair
Ronald E. Dahl, M.D. Richard E. Kreipe, M.D.
Joel E. Dimsdale, M.D. Ronald C. Petersen, Ph.D., M.D.
Javier I. Escobar, M.D., M.Sc. Charles F. Reynolds III, M.D.
Dilip V. Jeste, M.D. (2007–2011) Robert Taylor Segraves, M.D., Ph.D.
Walter E. Kaufmann, M.D. B. Timothy Walsh, M.D.
 Impairment and Disability
JANE S. PAULSEN, PH.D.
Chair
J. Gavin Andrews, M.D. Hans W. Hoek, M.D., Ph.D.
Glorisa Canino, Ph.D. Helena C. Kraemer, Ph.D.
Lee Anna Clark, Ph.D. William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H.
Diana E. Clarke, Ph.D., M.Sc. David Shaffer, M.D.
Michelle G. Craske, Ph.D.

Diagnostic Assessment Instruments

JACK D. BURKE JR., M.D., M.P.H.
Chair
Lee Anna Clark, Ph.D. Helena C. Kraemer, Ph.D.
Diana E. Clarke, Ph.D., M.Sc. William E. Narrow, M.D., M.P.H.
Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., Ph.D. David Shaffer, M.D.

DSM-5 Research Group

WILLIAM E. NARROW, M.D., M.P.H.
Chair
Jack D. Burke Jr., M.D., M.P.H. David J. Kupfer, M.D.
Diana E. Clarke, Ph.D., M.Sc. Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H.
Helena C. Kraemer, Ph.D. David Shaffer, M.D.

Course Specifiers and Glossary

WOLFGANG GAEBEL, M.D.
Chair
Ellen Frank, Ph.D. Dan J. Stein, M.D., Ph.D.
Charles P. O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D. Eric A. Taylor, M.B.
Norman Sartorius, M.D., Ph.D., David J. Kupfer, M.D.
Consultant Darrel A. Regier, M.D., M.P.H.
Susan K. Schultz, M.D.
 DSM-5
Classification

Before each disorder name, ICD-9-CM codes are provided, followed by ICD-10-CM codes
in parentheses. Blank lines indicate that either the ICD-9-CM or the ICD-10-CM code is not
applicable. For some disorders, the code can be indicated only according to the subtype or
specifier.
ICD-9-CM codes are to be used for coding purposes in the United States through Sep-
tember 30, 2014. ICD-10-CM codes are to be used starting October 1, 2014.
Following chapter titles and disorder names, page numbers for the corresponding text
or criteria are included in parentheses.
Note for all mental disorders due to another medical condition: Indicate the name of
the other medical condition in the name of the mental disorder due to [the medical condi-
tion]. The code and name for the other medical condition should be listed first immedi-
ately before the mental disorder due to the medical condition.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (31)

Intellectual Disabilities (33)

___.__ (___.__) Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) (33)
Specify current severity:
317 (F70) Mild
318.0 (F71) Moderate
318.1 (F72) Severe
318.2 (F73) Profound
315.8 (F88) Global Developmental Delay (41)
319 (F79) Unspecified Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental
Disorder) (41)

Communication Disorders (41)

315.32 (F80.2) Language Disorder (42)
315.39 (F80.0) Speech Sound Disorder (44)
315.35 (F80.81) Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) (45)
Note: Later-onset cases are diagnosed as 307.0 (F98.5) adult-onset fluency
disorder.
315.39 (F80.89) Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (47)
307.9 (F80.9) Unspecified Communication Disorder (49)

xiii
xiv DSM-5 Classification

Autism Spectrum Disorder (50)

299.00 (F84.0) Autism Spectrum Disorder (50)
Specify if: Associated with a known medical or genetic condition or envi-
ronmental factor; Associated with another neurodevelopmental, men-
tal, or behavioral disorder
Specify current severity for Criterion A and Criterion B: Requiring very
substantial support, Requiring substantial support, Requiring support
Specify if: With or without accompanying intellectual impairment, With
or without accompanying language impairment, With catatonia (use
additional code 293.89 [F06.1])

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (59)

___.__ (___.__) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (59)
Specify whether:
314.01 (F90.2) Combined presentation
314.00 (F90.0) Predominantly inattentive presentation
314.01 (F90.1) Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation
Specify if: In partial remission
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
314.01 (F90.8) Other Specified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (65)
314.01 (F90.9) Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (66)

Specific Learning Disorder (66)

___.__ (___.__) Specific Learning Disorder (66)
Specify if:
315.00 (F81.0) With impairment in reading (specify if with word reading
accuracy, reading rate or fluency, reading comprehension)
315.2 (F81.81) With impairment in written expression (specify if with spelling
accuracy, grammar and punctuation accuracy, clarity or
organization of written expression)
315.1 (F81.2) With impairment in mathematics (specify if with number sense,
memorization of arithmetic facts, accurate or fluent
calculation, accurate math reasoning)
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe

Motor Disorders (74)

315.4 (F82) Developmental Coordination Disorder (74)
307.3 (F98.4) Stereotypic Movement Disorder (77)
Specify if: With self-injurious behavior, Without self-injurious behavior
Specify if: Associated with a known medical or genetic condition, neuro-
developmental disorder, or environmental factor
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
Tic Disorders
307.23 (F95.2) Tourette's Disorder (81)
307.22 (F95.1) Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder (81)
Specify if: With motor tics only, With vocal tics only
DSM-5 Classification xv

307.21 (F95.0) Provisional Tic Disorder (81)

307.20 (F95.8) Other Specified Tic Disorder (85)
307.20 (F95.9) Unspecified Tic Disorder (85)

Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders (86)

315.8 (F88) Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder (86)
315.9 (F89) Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder (86)

Schizophrenia Spectrum
and Other Psychotic Disorders (87)
The following specifiers apply to Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
where indicated:
a
Specify if: The following course specifiers are only to be used after a 1-year duration of the dis-
order: First episode, currently in acute episode; First episode, currently in partial remission;
First episode, currently in full remission; Multiple episodes, currently in acute episode; Mul-
tiple episodes, currently in partial remission; Multiple episodes, currently in full remission;
Continuous; Unspecified
bSpecify if: With catatonia (use additional code 293.89 [F06.1])
cSpecify current severity of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal psycho-

motor behavior, negative symptoms, impaired cognition, depression, and mania symptoms
301.22 (F21) Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder (90)
297.1 (F22) Delusional Disordera, c (90)
Specify whether: Erotomanic type, Grandiose type, Jealous type, Persecu-
tory type, Somatic type, Mixed type, Unspecified type
Specify if: With bizarre content
298.8 (F23) Brief Psychotic Disorderb, c (94)
Specify if: With marked stressor(s), Without marked stressor(s), With
postpartum onset
295.40 (F20.81) Schizophreniform Disorderb, c (96)
Specify if: With good prognostic features, Without good prognostic fea-
tures
295.90 (F20.9) Schizophreniaa, b, c (99)
___.__ (___.__) Schizoaffective Disordera, b, c (105)
Specify whether:
295.70 (F25.0) Bipolar type
295.70 (F25.1) Depressive type
___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorderc (110)
Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during withdrawal
___.__ (___.__) Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Conditionc (115)
Specify whether:
293.81 (F06.2) With delusions
293.82 (F06.0) With hallucinations
xvi DSM-5 Classification

293.89 (F06.1) Catatonia Associated With Another Mental Disorder (Catatonia

Specifier) (119)
293.89 (F06.1) Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition (120)
293.89 (F06.1) Unspecified Catatonia (121)
Note: Code first 781.99 (R29.818) other symptoms involving nervous and
musculoskeletal systems.
298.8 (F28) Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorder (122)
298.9 (F29) Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorder (122)

Bipolar and Related Disorders (123)

The following specifiers apply to Bipolar and Related Disorders where indicated:
aSpecify: With anxious distress (specify current severity: mild, moderate, moderate-severe, severe);

With mixed features; With rapid cycling; With melancholic features; With atypical features;
With mood-congruent psychotic features; With mood-incongruent psychotic features; With
catatonia (use additional code 293.89 [F06.1]); With peripartum onset; With seasonal pattern

___.__ (___.__) Bipolar I Disordera (123)

___.__ (___.__) Current or most recent episode manic
296.41 (F31.11) Mild
296.42 (F31.12) Moderate
296.43 (F31.13) Severe
296.44 (F31.2) With psychotic features
296.45 (F31.73) In partial remission
296.46 (F31.74) In full remission
296.40 (F31.9) Unspecified
296.40 (F31.0) Current or most recent episode hypomanic
296.45 (F31.71) In partial remission
296.46 (F31.72) In full remission
296.40 (F31.9) Unspecified
___.__ (___.__) Current or most recent episode depressed
296.51 (F31.31) Mild
296.52 (F31.32) Moderate
296.53 (F31.4) Severe
296.54 (F31.5) With psychotic features
296.55 (F31.75) In partial remission
296.56 (F31.76) In full remission
296.50 (F31.9) Unspecified
296.7 (F31.9) Current or most recent episode unspecified
296.89 (F31.81) Bipolar II Disordera (132)
Specify current or most recent episode: Hypomanic, Depressed
Specify course if full criteria for a mood episode are not currently met: In
partial remission, In full remission
Specify severity if full criteria for a mood episode are currently met:
Mild, Moderate, Severe
DSM-5 Classification xvii

301.13 (F34.0) Cyclothymic Disorder (139)

Specify if: With anxious distress

___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder (142)

Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during withdrawal

293.83 (___.__) Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
(145)
Specify if:
(F06.33) With manic features
(F06.33) With manic- or hypomanic-like episode
(F06.34) With mixed features
296.89 (F31.89) Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder (148)
296.80 (F31.9) Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder (149)

Depressive Disorders (155)

The following specifiers apply to Depressive Disorders where indicated:
aSpecify: With anxious distress (specify current severity: mild, moderate, moderate-severe,

severe); With mixed features; With melancholic features; With atypical features; With mood-
congruent psychotic features; With mood-incongruent psychotic features; With catatonia
(use additional code 293.89 [F06.1]); With peripartum onset; With seasonal pattern
296.99 (F34.8) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (156)
___.__ (___.__) Major Depressive Disordera (160)
___.__ (___.__) Single episode
296.21 (F32.0) Mild
296.22 (F32.1) Moderate
296.23 (F32.2) Severe
296.24 (F32.3) With psychotic features
296.25 (F32.4) In partial remission
296.26 (F32.5) In full remission
296.20 (F32.9) Unspecified
___.__ (___.__) Recurrent episode
296.31 (F33.0) Mild
296.32 (F33.1) Moderate
296.33 (F33.2) Severe
296.34 (F33.3) With psychotic features
296.35 (F33.41) In partial remission
296.36 (F33.42) In full remission
296.30 (F33.9) Unspecified
300.4 (F34.1) Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)a (168)
Specify if: In partial remission, In full remission
Specify if: Early onset, Late onset
Specify if: With pure dysthymic syndrome; With persistent major depres-
sive episode; With intermittent major depressive episodes, with current
xviii DSM-5 Classification

episode; With intermittent major depressive episodes, without current

episode
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
625.4 (N94.3) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (171)
___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder (175)
Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during withdrawal
293.83 (___.__) Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition (180)
Specify if:
(F06.31) With depressive features
(F06.32) With major depressive-like episode
(F06.34) With mixed features
311 (F32.8) Other Specified Depressive Disorder (183)
311 (F32.9) Unspecified Depressive Disorder (184)

Anxiety Disorders (189)

309.21 (F93.0) Separation Anxiety Disorder (190)
313.23 (F94.0) Selective Mutism (195)
300.29 (___.__) Specific Phobia (197)
Specify if:
(F40.218) Animal
(F40.228) Natural environment
(___.__) Blood-injection-injury
(F40.230) Fear of blood
(F40.231) Fear of injections and transfusions
(F40.232) Fear of other medical care
(F40.233) Fear of injury
(F40.248) Situational
(F40.298) Other
300.23 (F40.10) Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) (202)
Specify if: Performance only
300.01 (F41.0) Panic Disorder (208)
___.__ (___.__) Panic Attack Specifier (214)
300.22 (F40.00) Agoraphobia (217)
300.02 (F41.1) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (222)
___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder (226)
Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during withdrawal,
With onset after medication use
DSM-5 Classification xix

293.84 (F06.4) Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition (230)

300.09 (F41.8) Other Specified Anxiety Disorder (233)
300.00 (F41.9) Unspecified Anxiety Disorder (233)

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (235)

The following specifier applies to Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders where indicated:
a
Specify if: With good or fair insight, With poor insight, With absent insight/delusional beliefs
300.3 (F42) Obsessive-Compulsive Disordera (237)
Specify if: Tic-related
300.7 (F45.22) Body Dysmorphic Disordera (242)
Specify if: With muscle dysmorphia
300.3 (F42) Hoarding Disordera (247)
Specify if: With excessive acquisition
312.39 (F63.3) Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) (251)
698.4 (L98.1) Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder (254)
___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and
Related Disorder (257)
Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during withdrawal,
With onset after medication use
294.8 (F06.8) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another
Medical Condition (260)
Specify if: With obsessive-compulsive disorder–like symptoms, With
appearance preoccupations, With hoarding symptoms, With hair-
pulling symptoms, With skin-picking symptoms
300.3 (F42) Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
(263)
300.3 (F42) Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder (264)

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders (265)

313.89 (F94.1) Reactive Attachment Disorder (265)
Specify if: Persistent
Specify current severity: Severe
313.89 (F94.2) Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (268)
Specify if: Persistent
Specify current severity: Severe
309.81 (F43.10) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (includes Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder for Children 6 Years and Younger) (271)
Specify whether: With dissociative symptoms
Specify if: With delayed expression
308.3 (F43.0) Acute Stress Disorder (280)
xx DSM-5 Classification

___.__ (___.__) Adjustment Disorders (286)

Specify whether:
309.0 (F43.21) With depressed mood
309.24 (F43.22) With anxiety
309.28 (F43.23) With mixed anxiety and depressed mood
309.3 (F43.24) With disturbance of conduct
309.4 (F43.25) With mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct
309.9 (F43.20) Unspecified
309.89 (F43.8) Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder (289)
309.9 (F43.9) Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder (290)

Dissociative Disorders (291)

300.14 (F44.81) Dissociative Identity Disorder (292)
300.12 (F44.0) Dissociative Amnesia (298)
Specify if:
300.13 (F44.1) With dissociative fugue
300.6 (F48.1) Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (302)
300.15 (F44.89) Other Specified Dissociative Disorder (306)
300.15 (F44.9) Unspecified Dissociative Disorder (307)

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders (309)

300.82 (F45.1) Somatic Symptom Disorder (311)
Specify if: With predominant pain
Specify if: Persistent
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
300.7 (F45.21) Illness Anxiety Disorder (315)
Specify whether: Care seeking type, Care avoidant type
300.11 (___.__) Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom
Disorder) (318)
Specify symptom type:
(F44.4) With weakness or paralysis
(F44.4) With abnormal movement
(F44.4) With swallowing symptoms
(F44.4) With speech symptom
(F44.5) With attacks or seizures
(F44.6) With anesthesia or sensory loss
(F44.6) With special sensory symptom
(F44.7) With mixed symptoms
Specify if: Acute episode, Persistent
Specify if: With psychological stressor (specify stressor), Without psycho-
logical stressor
DSM-5 Classification xxi

316 (F54) Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions (322)

Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Extreme
300.19 (F68.10) Factitious Disorder (includes Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self,
Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another) (324)
Specify Single episode, Recurrent episodes
300.89 (F45.8) Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder (327)
300.82 (F45.9) Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder (327)

Feeding and Eating Disorders (329)

The following specifiers apply to Feeding and Eating Disorders where indicated:
a
Specify if: In remission
b
Specify if: In partial remission, In full remission
cSpecify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Extreme

307.52 (___.__) Picaa (329)

(F98.3) In children
(F50.8) In adults
307.53 (F98.21) Rumination Disordera (332)
307.59 (F50.8) Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disordera (334)
307.1 (___.__) Anorexia Nervosab, c (338)
Specify whether:
(F50.01) Restricting type
(F50.02) Binge-eating/purging type
307.51 (F50.2) Bulimia Nervosab, c (345)
307.51 (F50.8) Binge-Eating Disorderb, c (350)
307.59 (F50.8) Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (353)
307.50 (F50.9) Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (354)

Elimination Disorders (355)

307.6 (F98.0) Enuresis (355)
Specify whether: Nocturnal only, Diurnal only, Nocturnal and diurnal
307.7 (F98.1) Encopresis (357)
Specify whether: With constipation and overflow incontinence, Without
constipation and overflow incontinence
___.__ (___.__) Other Specified Elimination Disorder (359)
788.39 (N39.498) With urinary symptoms
787.60 (R15.9) With fecal symptoms
___.__ (___.__) Unspecified Elimination Disorder (360)
788.30 (R32) With urinary symptoms
787.60 (R15.9) With fecal symptoms
xxii DSM-5 Classification

Sleep-Wake Disorders (361)

The following specifiers apply to Sleep-Wake Disorders where indicated:
a
Specify if: Episodic, Persistent, Recurrent
b
Specify if: Acute, Subacute, Persistent
c
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
307.42 (F51.01) Insomnia Disordera (362)
Specify if: With non–sleep disorder mental comorbidity, With other
medical comorbidity, With other sleep disorder
307.44 (F51.11) Hypersomnolence Disorderb, c (368)
Specify if: With mental disorder, With medical condition, With another
sleep disorder
___.__ (___.__) Narcolepsyc (372)
Specify whether:
347.00 (G47.419) Narcolepsy without cataplexy but with hypocretin deficiency
347.01 (G47.411) Narcolepsy with cataplexy but without hypocretin deficiency
347.00 (G47.419) Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and
narcolepsy
347.00 (G47.419) Autosomal dominant narcolepsy, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
347.10 (G47.429) Narcolepsy secondary to another medical condition

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders (378)

327.23 (G47.33) Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopneac (378)
___.__ (___.__) Central Sleep Apnea (383)
Specify whether:
327.21 (G47.31) Idiopathic central sleep apnea
786.04 (R06.3) Cheyne-Stokes breathing
780.57 (G47.37) Central sleep apnea comorbid with opioid use
Note: First code opioid use disorder, if present.
Specify current severity
___.__ (___.__) Sleep-Related Hypoventilation (387)
Specify whether:
327.24 (G47.34) Idiopathic hypoventilation
327.25 (G47.35) Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation
327.26 (G47.36) Comorbid sleep-related hypoventilation
Specify current severity

___.__ (___.__) Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disordersa (390)

Specify whether:
307.45 (G47.21) Delayed sleep phase type (391)
Specify if: Familial, Overlapping with non-24-hour sleep-wake type
307.45 (G47.22) Advanced sleep phase type (393)
Specify if: Familial
307.45 (G47.23) Irregular sleep-wake type (394)
307.45 (G47.24) Non-24-hour sleep-wake type (396)
DSM-5 Classification xxiii

307.45 (G47.26) Shift work type (397)

307.45 (G47.20) Unspecified type

Parasomnias (399)
___.__ (__.__) Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders (399)
Specify whether:
307.46 (F51.3) Sleepwalking type
Specify if: With sleep-related eating, With sleep-related sexual
behavior (sexsomnia)
307.46 (F51.4) Sleep terror type
307.47 (F51.5) Nightmare Disorderb, c (404)
Specify if: During sleep onset
Specify if: With associated non–sleep disorder, With associated other
medical condition, With associated other sleep disorder

327.42 (G47.52) Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (407)

333.94 (G25.81) Restless Legs Syndrome (410)

___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder (413)

Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify whether: Insomnia type, Daytime sleepiness type, Parasomnia
type, Mixed type
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during discontinua-
tion/withdrawal
780.52 (G47.09) Other Specified Insomnia Disorder (420)
780.52 (G47.00) Unspecified Insomnia Disorder (420)
780.54 (G47.19) Other Specified Hypersomnolence Disorder (421)
780.54 (G47.10) Unspecified Hypersomnolence Disorder (421)
780.59 (G47.8) Other Specified Sleep-Wake Disorder (421)
780.59 (G47.9) Unspecified Sleep-Wake Disorder (422)

Sexual Dysfunctions (423)

The following specifiers apply to Sexual Dysfunctions where indicated:
a
Specify whether: Lifelong, Acquired
b
Specify whether: Generalized, Situational
c
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
302.74 (F52.32) Delayed Ejaculationa, b, c (424)
302.72 (F52.21) Erectile Disordera, b, c (426)
302.73 (F52.31) Female Orgasmic Disordera, b, c (429)
Specify if: Never experienced an orgasm under any situation
302.72 (F52.22) Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disordera, b, c (433)
302.76 (F52.6) Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disordera, c (437)
xxiv DSM-5 Classification

302.71 (F52.0) Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disordera, b, c (440)

302.75 (F52.4) Premature (Early) Ejaculationa, b, c (443)
___.__ (___.__) Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunctionc (446)
Note: See the criteria set and corresponding recording procedures for
substance-specific codes and ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding.
Specify if: With onset during intoxication, With onset during withdrawal,
With onset after medication use
302.79 (F52.8) Other Specified Sexual Dysfunction (450)
302.70 (F52.9) Unspecified Sexual Dysfunction (450)

Gender Dysphoria (451)

___.__ (__.__) Gender Dysphoria (452)
302.6 (F64.2) Gender Dysphoria in Children
Specify if: With a disorder of sex development
302.85 (F64.1) Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults
Specify if: With a disorder of sex development
Specify if: Posttransition
Note: Code the disorder of sex development if present, in addition to
gender dysphoria.
302.6 (F64.8) Other Specified Gender Dysphoria (459)
302.6 (F64.9) Unspecified Gender Dysphoria (459)

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders (461)

313.81 (F91.3) Oppositional Defiant Disorder (462)
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
312.34 (F63.81) Intermittent Explosive Disorder (466)
___.__ (__.__) Conduct Disorder (469)
Specify whether:
312.81 (F91.1) Childhood-onset type
312.82 (F91.2) Adolescent-onset type
312.89 (F91.9) Unspecified onset
Specify if: With limited prosocial emotions
Specify current severity: Mild, Moderate, Severe
301.7 (F60.2) Antisocial Personality Disorder (476)
312.33 (F63.1) Pyromania (476)
312.32 (F63.2) Kleptomania (478)
312.89 (F91.8) Other Specified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct
Disorder (479)
312.9 (F91.9) Unspecified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder
(480)
Another random document with
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 Next drill four ¹⁄₈-in. holes in each of the sidepieces, as indicated at
the letters H₁ to H₄, Fig. 5. For the cross supports use four pieces of
brass rod, ¹⁄₄ in. square, and square off the ends to a length of 2³⁄₄ in.
Drill holes in the center of the ends and tap them for ¹⁄₈-in. machine
screws. Join the side and crosspieces as shown in Fig. 4. Two fiber
washers about ¹⁄₁₆ in. thick should be placed on each axle at E and
F, to hold the wheels from contact with the sidepieces.
Details of a bearing for the axles are shown in Fig. 7. The hole G
carries the lower end of the coil spring, and the hole J is the bearing
socket for the axle. Four spiral springs, having an outside diameter
of ¹⁄₈ in. and a length of ¹⁄₂ in. when extended, should be provided.
The extensions on the sides of the bearings fit against the inner
faces of the sides of the truck. They hold the bearings in position and
prevent them from falling out.
The base of the cab is made of wood, dimensioned as in Fig. 10.
The center of the piece is cut away so as to provide a space for the
motor, which extends above the upper edge of the truck, as shown in
Fig. 12. This block is fastened in place by four screws through the
upper crosspieces at the ends of the truck. The base should be
made and fitted into place temporarily so as to be available in
observing how the motor and its fittings are placed in relation to it.
For convenience in assembling the parts of the truck and setting the
motor, it may be removed readily.
Assembling the truck, including the motor, probably requires the
most painstaking effort of any part of the construction of the
locomotive. Too great care cannot be taken with it, as the
dimensions are carefully worked out and failure to observe them may
cause errors sufficient to make the locomotive unserviceable. Before
undertaking this work it would be well to examine carefully the
arrangement of the parts as shown in Fig. 12. The upper view shows
the relation of the driving gears in mesh, and the lower view shows
the machinery of the truck as seen from above.
The power from the motor is transmitted to one set of wheels by
means of a small gear on the armature shaft engaging an
intermediate gear, which in turn engages a large gear attached to the
inside of one of the truck wheels. The center of the armature shaft is
1⁵⁄₁₆ in. from the center of the power axle, when both axles are in the
slots provided in the motor frame, Fig. 12. The gears for the
transmission may now be selected. The gear on the armature shaft
should be as small, and that on the axle as large, as practicable. The
intermediate gear should be of such a size that it will close the space
between the small gear on the armature shaft and the large one on
the axle. Gears suitable for the transmission may be purchased at a
clock store for a small sum. If gears of exactly the proper size cannot
be obtained readily, the position of the intermediate gear may be
adjusted to produce a proper meshing of the gears.
Mount the small gear on the end of the armature shaft away from
the commutator, so that there will be about ¹⁄₁₆-in. clearance between
the outside surface and the shoulder at the end of the shaft. Fit it on
tightly so that no other means of fastening will be necessary. Mount
the large gear on the inside surface of one of the truck wheels, as
shown in Figs. 3 and 12. Place the axle of the truck into the proper
grooves in the motor frame, and mark the position of the center of
the intermediate gear, when it engages the other gear. Drill a hole in
the extension on the motor frame, provided as a support, to fit a
small bolt with which the intermediate gear is fastened.
Place a washer between the gear and the piece upon which it is
mounted, and a locknut on the threaded end of the bolt, drawing it up
so that the gear has only sufficient play.
 SIDE AND FRONT VIEW OF COMPLETED LOCOMOTIVE
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
CONSTRUCTION OF SIDE OF TRUCK
WHEELS Fig. 5
Fig. 3

Fig. 4 Fig. 6 TOP AND SIDE VIEW

OF BEARING
Fig. 7

Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 11

Fig. 10 Successful Operation Based on

BOTTOM OF LOCOMOTIVE CAB Feasible Construction and a
Reasonable Standard of Workmanship,
Is the First Consideration in the
Locomotive. The Dimensions should be
Observed Closely in Order That the
Parts may be Assembled Satisfactorily.
The Construction of the Cab is
Suggestive Only, and the Inventive
Builder may Design One in Conformity
with the Material Available or the
Individual Taste

The slots in the motor frame to fit the free axle may now be cut, as
shown in Fig. 12. Place the motor in position on the axle so that the
gears all mesh properly. Fit tubes of insulating material with an
outside diameter of ³⁄₈ in. at C and D, Fig. 3, and as also shown in
Fig. 12. Insulation tubes should be provided for the second axle so
as to hold the motor in position, and to keep the wheels in line. In
mounting the various parts sufficient play should be allowed to
prevent excessive friction.
Fig. 12, Installation of the Motor, Showing Gears and Switch Contact Spring

The reversing switch, which is to be mounted on the under side of

the motor frame, is shown in Figs. 13 and 14. It is provided with a
control lever which projects out from under the truck frame. A small
movement of the lever will produce the necessary changes in the
connections. The operation of the switch may be understood readily
from the diagram shown in Fig. 15. The moving element of the
switch carries two pieces of copper, E and F, which connect the four
stationary pieces of copper, A, B, C, and D, when the lever attached
to E and F is moved to either side of its central position. The pieces
of copper which are moved—E and F—are shown outside of the
stationary pieces in Fig. 15 for purposes of a diagram only, and are
actually directly over the ring formed by the stationary pieces.

Fig. 13, Details of the Switch, Shaded Portions Being of Fiber Insulation

The operation of the switch is as follows: Assuming that the

current enters at the terminal marked 1 and leaves at the terminal
marked 2, then the direction of the current in the armature and series
field will be as indicated in the diagrams. The direction of the current
in the series-field winding is different in the two cases, which will
result in opposite rotation of the armature.
The base of the switch is made of ¹⁄₁₆-in. fiber insulation; its
dimensions are shown in Fig. 13. It is to be mounted on the two
pieces projecting outward on the under side of the motor frame, as
shown in Fig. 14. Drill a small hole in each of these projections, as
indicated by the letters H₁ and H₂, and tap them to take a small
machine screw. Next drill two holes, H₁ and H₂, Fig. 13, in the piece
of insulation, with centers the same distance apart as those drilled in
the projections. One end of this piece of insulation is extended to
form a mounting for a thin brass spring, the ends of which bear on
the brass collars insulated from the axles, as shown in Figs. 12 and
13. The form of this spring and the method of mounting it are also
shown in Fig. 13.
The sections which come into contact in the switch are made as
follows: Mount four pieces of thin copper or brass on the fiber base
with rivets having their heads countersunk. Cut a disk, 1 in. in
diameter, from a piece of sheet insulation and drill a hole H, in the
center of it. Also drill a similar hole H₃ in the center of the switch
base. Mount two pieces of copper or brass, E and F, on the under
side of this disk. The edges and ends of all six pieces of metal
should be rounded off so that the pieces E and F will move freely
over those on the base. The disk, or upper part of the switch, may be
attached to the base by means of a small bolt placed through the
holes at the center. A small spiral spring should be placed between
the disk and the lower end of this bolt so as to keep the pieces of
metal on the disk in contact with those on the base. Attach a small
handle to the disk so that it will extend out on one side of the truck.
Fix the switch into place by bolts through the holes H₁ and H₂, Fig.
14, on the bottom of the motor frame. The electrical connections
should be made as shown in Fig. 15.
The detail of the couplers is shown in Fig. 11. They are made of
brass, fitted to the upper crosspieces and fixed to them by machine
screws. “Cowcatchers” may be made for the ends of the locomotive.
Sheet metal, corrugated appropriately and bent to the proper shape,
will afford the easiest method of making them. Those shown in Figs.
1 and 2 are made of strips soldered together, and also to the upper
crosspieces; they are strengthened by a cross strip at the bottom,
opposite the point.
 Fig. 14, View of the Under Side of the Motor, Showing How Switch is Fixed
into Place

The cab is to be made apart from the truck and is to fit upon the
base, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It is fixed into place by four screws
and can be removed easily for examination of the locomotive
mechanism. The dimensions for the cab are shown in Figs. 8 and 9,
and may be varied by the builder.
 Fig. 15, Diagrams of the Reversing of Motor by Shifting Switch to Form
Contact Between Pairs of Brass Sectors Set in the Fiber Switch Base

Sheet metal or wood may be used in the construction, and the

joints soldered on the inside or riveted, as shown in the illustration.
The window and door openings may be cut out or painted on. Small
bells may be mounted on the ends of the cab, adding to its
appearance. The headlights shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may be cut from
wood or made of sheet metal. Light bulbs may be installed, and their
voltage should correspond to that of the motive energy. The
terminals for the sockets of the headlight lamps should be connected
to the frame of the truck and to the spring, which bears upon the
brass collars on the wheels, which are insulated from the axles, as
shown at A, Fig. 3.
This completes the locomotive in all essential details and it is
ready to be placed upon the track to be tested. The track system will
be considered in a subsequent article.
 Mixing Paste
When flour paste becomes watery upon cooling, it is evidence that
the mixture has been boiled too long. Only the best flour should be
used for making paste. Many paper hangers do not boil paste. They
make a stiff batter with lukewarm water, stirring out all lumps, and
then briskly stir in boiling water. When the mass thickens continue
stirring, but add no more hot water. Pour a little cold water on top
and set the paste away to cool.—Contributed by A. A. Kelly, Malvern,
Pa.
 A Hammock Sleeping Tent

A Comfortable Sleeping Tent is Provided by the Arrangement Shown in the

Sketch
 Compactness in transportation and general serviceableness are
features of the hammock tent shown in the illustration. It is made by
sewing a piece of canvas to the sides of an ordinary “dog” or shelter
tent and may be made of a piece of canvas or tarpaulin. The tent is
suspended by the ridge from a heavy rope supported on trees or
posts. It is kept taut on the sides by tent ropes attached to stakes
driven in the ground. This form of tent is particularly convenient in
providing a good sleeping place in very small space. It is free from
dampness, and the camper is provided with a comfortable rest free
from prowling animals, without the use of a cot.—Daniel C. Duvall,
Washington, D. C.
 Broken Spade Handle Repaired with Water Pipe
A garden spade, or fork, broken at the handle may be repaired by
joining the broken ends with a piece of old iron water pipe. The
broken ends should be trimmed carefully and driven into the piece of
pipe. In order to make a more secure joint, holes may be bored and
countersunk at each end of the pipe and screws fixed into them. If
the break is so close to the handle that the latter is useless, a new
one may be made by fixing a pipe tee, with a wooden rod as a
handle, to the end of the fork or spade.—George H. Holden,
Chesterfield, England.
 Tilting Top for Camera Tripod

The Homemade Tilting Top Is Convenient in Making Photographs at a

Variety of Angles
 Pointing a camera up, or down, as in photographing tall buildings
with the ordinary camera tripod, is awkward and requires much time
to make a satisfactory adjustment. To overcome this, a tilting top was
made for the tripod, as shown in the illustration. The extra top
consists of two boards hinged at one end. The lower board has a
tripod socket to fit the tripod, while the upper one has a tripod screw
for fastening the camera. Two metal brackets are provided, having
slots through which binding screws are fitted, and clamped with wing
nuts. This permits the camera to be tilted at various angles, or
reversed for vertical pictures, without removing it from the tripod.
Several positions are suggested and a little experimentation will give
numerous other possible uses. Devices of this character may be
purchased, but the one shown is easily made and serves its purpose
well.—R. C. Miller, Pittsburgh, Pa.
 Homemade Electric Locomotive Model
and Track System
By A. E. ANDREW
PART III—Construction of the Track
System

O peration of the electric-locomotive model described in the previous

articles is feasible only with a properly constructed track system.
This equipment, including curves and switches, is to be described in
this, the final, article. Two functions are to be performed by the track
system: It must serve as a support and guide for the locomotive and
provide a path over which the current from the source of energy is
supplied to the motor within the locomotive and returned to the
source. On this basis, then, the construction may be divided into two
parts: the mechanical and the electrical features. If the mechanical
construction is not practical and accurate, the locomotive will not
operate satisfactorily. The electrical connections must be given due
care also.
 SECTION OF RAIL
Fig. 1

RAIL CONNECTION
Fig. 2

Shape the Rails from Sheet-Metal Strips, 1¹⁄₂ Inches Wide and 16 inches
Long, to the Form Shown in Fig. 1. The Rail Connections are Formed as
Shown in Fig. 2

The track should be of uniform gauge; the joints should be solid

and free from irregularities, which cause “bumping” in passing over
them. The material used should be stiff, so that it will retain its form,
and preferably non-rusting. The rails must be insulated from each
other, and proper means must be provided for making suitable
electrical connections between the various sections. The
construction of a straight and a curved section of track, together with
a switch and signal, adaptable to various places on the system, will
be considered in detail.
The straight sections may be made any suitable length; sections
16 in. long will be found convenient, as the metal pieces forming the
rails may be bent into shape easily when they are short rather than
long. The possibility of various combinations of straight and curved
sections in a given area is increased by having the sections shorter.
The rails may be made from tinned sheet-metal strips, by taking
pieces, 16 in. long and 1¹⁄₂ in. wide, and bending them into the form
shown in Fig. 1. The rails should be mounted on small wooden
sleepers, ¹⁄₂ by ¹⁄₂ by 4 in., by means of small nails, or preferably
small screws. The distance between the centers of the rails should
be 2 in. The sections of track may be fastened together at the ends
by means of a special connector, shown in Fig. 2, made from thin
metal, preferably spring brass. The type of connector shown in Fig. 2
will not prevent the sections from pulling apart, and to prevent this, a
second connector, similar to that shown in Fig. 3, should be made.
The sleepers at the ends of each section should have one side
beveled, as shown, and these edges should be exactly one inch
from the end of the rails. A spring clip should be made, similar to that
shown, which will slip down on the inside of the end sleepers and
hold the sections together.

METHOD OF CONNECTING TRACK SECTIONS

Fig. 3

SECTION OF RAIL END CONNECTION OF RAILS

Fig. 4 Fig. 5
A Spring Clamp for the Joints in the Sections is Shown in Fig. 3. An
Improved Form of Rail is Shown in Fig. 4, and in Fig. 5 is Indicated the
Method of Joining Its Sections

A better form of rail is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but it is somewhat

more difficult to construct. In this case, instead of bending the piece
of metal forming the rail over on itself and closing the space entirely,
the metal is bent over a round form, such as a piece of wire, which
may be removed, leaving an opening through the upper part of the
rail from end to end. This gives a better form to the tread of the rail
and at the same time provides an easy means of connecting the
ends of the rails, as shown in Fig. 5. Small metal pins, about 1 in.
long, and of such a diameter that they will just fit the circular opening
in the top of the rail, are provided. One of these pins should be
fastened in one rail at each end of a section, making sure that no rail
has more than one pin in it, and that the arrangement of pins and
rails corresponds in all sections. With proper care the various
sections should fit together equally well, and they may be held
together as shown in Fig. 3.

METHOD OF LAYING OUT CURVED SECTION

Fig. 6
 LEFT SWITCH RIGHT SWITCH
Fig. 7 Fig. 8
Lay Out the Switches and Curves, Full Size, and Fit the Rails to the Curves
Accurately

The curved sections may be made from rails similar to those

described above, but some difficulty will be experienced in bending
them into a curve because of the necessity of bending the lower
flange on edge. The difficulty may be overcome by crimping in the
inner edge of the lower flange and expanding the outer edge by
hammering it on a smooth surface. The radius of the curve to which
the inner rail should be bent in order to give a section of convenient
length, and not too abrupt a curve, is 21 in. The circumference of
such a circle is approximately 132 in., which, divided into eight
sections, gives 16¹⁄₂ in. as the length of the inner rail of each section.
Since the tread of the track is 2 in., the radius of the curve of the
outer rail will be 23 in. The circumference of the circle formed by the
outer rail is 145 in., which divided into eight sections gives 18¹⁄₈ in.
as the length of the outer rail of each section. These curved rails
may be mounted on sleepers, their ends being held in place, and the
various sections fastened together, just as in the case of the straight
sections.
Some trouble may be experienced in getting the curved rails
properly shaped, and it would be a good plan to lay them out full size
by drawing two circles on a smooth surface having diameters of 42
and 46 in., respectively, and divide each of the latter into eight equal
parts. The form of the curve between these division lines and the
lengths of the curves will correspond to the shape and lengths of the
rails forming the curved sections of the track. The pieces should be