Chemical reactions and equations PYQ

Science - 10th
Q (1): Write the name and formula of a molecule made up of three atoms of oxygen.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (2): When you add sodium hydrogen carbonate to acetic acid in a test tube, a gas
liberates immediately with a brisk effervescence. Name this gas. Describe the
method of this gas (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (3): A student takes about 4 mL of distilled water in four test tubes marked P, Q R and
S. He then dissolves in each test tube an equal amount of one salt in one test tube,
namely sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q calcium sulphate in R and
magnesium sulphate in S. After that he adds an equal amount of soap
solution in each test tube. On shaking each of these test tubes well, he observes
a good amount of lather (foam) in the test tubes marked ? (MCQ)
( a ) P and Q ( b ) Q and R
( c ) P,Q and S ( d ) P,R and S

Q (4): A carbon compound 'P' on heating with excess conc.

forms another carbon compound 'Q' which on addition of hydrogen in the

presence of nickel catalyst forms saturated carbon compound 'R'. One
molecule of 'R' on combustion, forms two molecules of carbon dioxide and
three molecules of water. Identify P, Q and R and write chemical equations for the
reactions involved. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (5): Write chemical equation of the reaction of ethanoic acid with the following: (a)
Sodium; (b) Sodium hydroxide; (c) Ethanol . Write the name of one main product
of each reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (6): 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc
metal taken in a test tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas evolves which is
bubbled through a soap solution before testing. Write the equation of the
chemical reaction involved and the test to detect the gas. Name the gas which
will be evolved when the same metal reacts with dilute solution of a strong acid. or
The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakoras is 14. Identify the salt and
write a chemical equation for its formation. List its two uses. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (7): Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or
electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for
decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat,
light and electricity. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (8): What is observed when a solution of sodium sulphate is added to a solution of
barium chloride taken in a test tube? Write equation for the chemical reaction
involved and name the type of reaction in this case. (SUBJECTIVE)

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Q (9): 2 g of silver chloride is taken in a china dish and the china dish is placed in sunlight
for some time. What will be your observation in this case? Write the chemical reaction
involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation. Identify the type of
chemical reaction.
OR
Identify the type of reactions taking place in each of the following cases and write the
balanced chemical equation for the reactions.
(a) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to produce zinc nitrate and silver metal
(b) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to produce potassium and lead iodide.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (10): Write one chemical equation to represent each of the following types of reactions
of organic substances: (i) Esterification (ii) Saponification (iii) Substitution
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (11): Write one chemical equation to represent each of the following types of reactions
of organic substances: (i) Esterification (ii) Saponification (iii) Substitution
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (12): What is an ‘esterification’ reaction? Describe an activity to show esterification.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (13): Write the electron dot structure of ethane molecule,

(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (14): Write one chemical equation to represent each of the following types of reactions
of organic substances: (i) Esterification (ii) Saponification (iii) Substitution
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (15): Complete the following equations
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (16): Write the name and the structural formula of the compound formed when ethanol
is heated at 443 K with excess of conc.
. State the role of conc.
in this reaction. Write chemical equation for the reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (17): When you add about 2 mL of acetic acid to a test tube containing an equal
amount of distilled water and leave the test tube to settle after. shaking its
contents, then after about 5 minutes what will you observe in the test tube:
(MCQ)
( a ) A white precipitate settling at its bottom

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( b ) A clear colourless solution
( c ) A layer of water over the layer of acetic acid
( d ) A layer of acetic acid over the layer of water

Q (18): While studying saponification reaction for the preparation of soap, the teacher
suggested to a student to add a small quality of common salt to the reaction
mixture. The function of common salt in this reaction is to: (MCQ)
(a) reduce the alkalinity of the soap.
(b) reduce the acidity of the soap.
(c) enhance the cleansing capacity of soap
(d) favour precipitation of soap.

Q (19): What do you observe when dil. HCl is added on Zn pieces taken in a test tube?
How would you identify the gas evolved? Write one use of this gas. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (20): In order to study saponification reaction we first prepare 20% solution of sodium
hydroxide. If we record the temperature of this solution just after adding
sodium hydroxide flakes to water and also test its nature using litmus, it may be
concluded that the process of making this solution is to (MCQ)
(a) exothermic and the solution is alkaline.
(b) endothermic and the solution is alkaline
(c) endothermic and the solution is acidic
(d) exothermic and the solution is acidic

Q (21): A student adds 2 mL of acetic acid to a test tube containing 2 mL of distilled

water. He then shakes the test tube well and leaves it to settle for some time. After
about 5 minutes he observes that in the test tube there is: .......... (MCQ)
(a) A clear transparent colorless solution.
(b) A clear transparent pink solution.
(c) A precipitate settling at the bottom of the test tube.
(d) A layer of water over the layer of acetic acid.

Q (22): Write the name and structural formula of the compound obtained when ethanol is
heated at 443 K with excess of conc
Also write chemical equation for the reaction stating the role of cone.
in it. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (23): A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker to study
saponification reaction. Some observations related to this are given below:
(I) Sodium hydroxide solution turns red litmus blue (II) Sodium hydroxide readily
dissolves in water (III) The beaker containing solution appears cold when
touched from outside (IV) The blue litmus paper turns red when dipped into the
solution. The correct observations are:...... (MCQ)

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( a ) I, II and IV ( b ) I, II and III
( c ) only III and IV ( d ) only I and II

Q (24): Write the name and the formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having
general formula
. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (25): Hard water is not available for an experiment. Some salts are given below: (I)
Sodium chloride (II) Sodium sulphate (Ill) Calcium chloride (IV) Calcium sulphate
(V) Potassium chloride (VI) Magnesium sulphate. Select from the following a group of
these salts, each member of which may be dissolved in water to make it hard.
(MCQ)
( a ) I, II and V ( b ) I, III, V
( c ) III, IV, VI ( d ) II, IV, VI

Q (26): When ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the presence of cone.
, a substance with fruity smell is produced. Answer the following:(i) State the
class of compounds to which the fruity- smelling compounds belong.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction and write the chemical name of the product
formed.(ii) State the role of cone.
in this reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (27): Which of the following sets of materials can be used for conducting a
saponification reaction for the preparation of soap? (MCQ)
(a) and neem oil
( b ) NaOH and neem oil
( c ) NaOH and mineral oil
(d) and mineral oil

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 Acids BASES & SALTS PYQ

Science - 10th
Q (1): Vapours of acetic acid smell (MCQ)
(a) pungent like vinegar.
(b) sweet like rose.
(c) suffocating like sulphur dioxide.
(d) colourless like water.

Q (2): Following are the steps involved in the experiment ‘to determine the percentage of
water absorbed by raisins’. They are not in proper sequence. I. Soak the raisins in
fresh water. II. Weigh dry raisins. III. Weigh soaked raisins. IV. Wipe out soaked
raisins. The proper sequence of step is (MCQ)
( a ) I, II, III, IV ( b ) II, I, IV, III
( c ) II, I, III, IV ( d ) I, III, IV, II

Q (3): A compound ‘X’ in its aqueous solution form, is added to acetic acid taken in a
test tube. Then a gas is evolved. This gas turns lime water milky. Name the
compound ‘X’ and the gas evolved. Also write the equation for the reaction.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (4):

A student added acetic acid to test tubes I, II, III and IV containing the labeled
substances and then brought a burning splinter near the mouth of each test
tube.
The splinter would be extinguished when brought near the mouth of test tube. (MCQ)
(a) I ( b ) II
( c ) III ( d ) IV

Q (5): Which one of the following are the correct observations about acetic acid? (MCQ)
(a) It turns blue litmus red and smells like vinegar
(b) It turns blue litmus red and smells like burning sulphur
(c) It turns red litmus blue and smells like vinegar
(d) It turns red litmus blue and has a fruity smell

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Q (6): On adding acetic acid to sodium hydrogen carbonate in a test tube, a student
observes (MCQ)
(a) no reaction
(b) a colorless gas with pungent smell .
(c) bubbles of a colorless and odourless gas
(d) a strong smell of vinegar

Q (7): When boilers of water are used for a very long time, then white layers get
deposited on inside of these boilers? How can these white layers be removed?
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (8): A student weighed some raisins and recorded the weight as 'x'. She then soaked
the raisins in distilled water. After about 2 hours she removed the raisins, wiped them
dry and weighed again and recorded that as 'y'. The percentage of water absorbed by
raisins may be determined using the relationship (MCQ)
(b)
(a)

(a) (b)
(d)
(c)

(c) (d)

Q (9): Name the oxidizing agent used for the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid.
Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid on the basis of (i) litmus test,
(ii) reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (10): A student takes about 6 ml distilled water in four test tubes marked P, Q R and S.
He dissolves sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium sulphate in R
and magnesium sulphate in S. After that he adds equal amount of soap solution in
each test tube. On shaking these test tubes, he would observe a good amount of
lather in the test tubes marked
A. P and Q
B. Q and R
C. R and S
D. P .and S (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (11): An organic compound 'X' on heating with conc.
forms a compound 'Y' which on addition of one molecule of hydrogen in the
presence of nickel forms a compound 'Z'. One molecule of compound 'Z' on
combustion forms two molecules of

and three molecules of

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 . Identify giving reasons the compounds 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write the chemical

equations for all the chemical reactions involved. (SUBJECTIVE)

Q (12): Select the correct observation about dilute solution of acetic acid.
A. It smells like rotten egg and turns blue litmus red
B. It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus blue
C. It smells like rotten egg and turns red litmus blue
D. It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus red (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (13): Name two salts each of calcium and magnesium which make the water hard.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (14): You have a basket of vegetables which contains carrot, potato, tomato, ginger,
radish, sweet potato. Select two vegetables to represent the correct homologous
structures.
A. Potato and sweet potato
B. Carrot and raddish.
C. Potato and carrot
D. Carrot and tomato (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (15): In an experiment to study the properties of ethanoic acid, a student takes about 3
ml of ethanoic acid in a dry test tube. He adds equal amount of distilled water to it and
shakes the test tube well. After sometime he is likely to observe that (MCQ)
(a) A colloid is formed in the test tube.
(b) The ethanoic acid dissolves readily in water.
(c) The solution becomes light orange.
(d) Water floats over the surface of ethanoic acid.

Q (16): A student takes about 2 mL ethanoic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of
sodium hydrogen carbonate to it. He reports the ollowing observations: I.
Immediately a colourless and colourless gas evolves with a brisk
effervescence. II. The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it.
III. The gas bums with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it. IV. The
gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it. The correct observations
are (MCQ)
( a ) I, II and III ( b ) II, III and IV
( c ) III, IV and I ( d ) I, II and IV

Q (17): Why do raisins absorb water when soaked in water? Explain the phenomenon.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (18): In a locality, hard water, required for an experiment, is not available. However,
the following salts are available in the school laboratory: 1. Sodium sulphate 2.
Calcium sulphate 3. Magnesium chloride 4. Sodium chloride 5. Calcium chloride

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6. Potassium sulphate Which of the above salts may be dissolved in water to obtain
hard water for the experiment? (MCQ)
( a ) 2, 3 and 5 ( b ) 1, 2 and 5
( c ) 1, 2, 4 and 6 ( d ) 3 and 5 only

Q (19): What happens when acetic acid is added in a solution of

in a test tube. Write the equation for detecting the gas evolved. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (20): While preparing soap a small quantity of common salt is generally added to the
reaction mixture of vegetable oil and sodium hydroxide. Which one of the
following may be the purpose of adding common salt? (MCQ)
(a) To reduce the basic nature of the soap
(b) To make the soap neutral
(c) To enhance the cleansing power of the soap
(d) To favour the precipitation of the soap

Q (21): What do we observe on pouring acetic acid on red and blue litmus papers? (MCQ)
(a) Red litmus remains red and blue litmus turns red.
(b) Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus remains blue.
(c) Red litmus turns blue and blue litmus turns red.
(d) Red litmus becomes colorless and blue litmus remains blue.

Q (22): Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. What is the difference between
them?
Describe in brief the cleansing action of soap. Why do soaps not form lather in hard
water? List two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead. of
soaps. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (23): In the neighbourhood of your school, hard water required for an experiment is not
available. Select from the following groups of salts available in your school, a
group each member of which, if dissolved in distilled water, will make it hard: (MCQ)
(a) Sodium chloride, calcium chloride
(b) Potassium chloride, sodium chloride
(c) Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride
(d) Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride

Q (24): A student requires hard water for an experiment in his laboratory which is not
available in the neighbouring area. In the laboratory there are some salts, which
when dissolved in distilled water can convert it into hard water. Select from the
following groups of salts, a group, each salt of which when dissolved in distilled
water will make it hard. (MCQ)
( a ) Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride
( b ) Sodium sulphate, Potassium sulphate

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( c ) Sodium sulphate, Calcium sulphate
( d ) Calcium sulphate, Calcium chloride

Q (25): When do you add a few drops of acetic acid to a test-tube containing sodium
bicarbonate powder, which one of the following is your observation ? (MCQ)
(a) No reaction takes place
(b) A colourless gas with pungent smell is released with brisk effervescence
(c) A brown coloured gas is released with brisk effervescence
(d) Formation of bubbles of a colourless and odourless gas

Q (26): Identify the acid and base from which sodium chloride is obtained. Which type of
salt is it? When is it called rock salt? How is rock salt formed? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (27): Blue litmus solution is added to two test tubes A and B containing dilute HCl and
NaOH solution respectively. In which test tube a colour change will be observed?
State the colour change and give its reason.
OR
What is observed when 2 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid is added to 1 g of sodium
carbonate taken in a clean and dry test tube? Write chemical equation for the
reaction involved. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (28): Out of HCl and
, which one is a weak acid and why? Describe ah activity to support your
answer. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (29):

The above images are usually shown on the bottles of commercial

acetic acid. The symbols indicate respectively that acetic acid is: (MCQ)
(a) Flammable and corrosive
(b) Radioactive and flammable
(c) Oxidizing and corrosive
(d) Flammable and explosive

Q (30): How will you test in the laboratory, whether the given sample of water is hard or
soft? Name two salts which make the water hard. (SUBJECTIVE)

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Q (31): (a) In a tabular form, differentiate between ethanol and ethanoic acid under the
following heads: (i)Physical state (ii)Taste (iii)
test (iv)Ester test
(b) Write chemical reactionto show the dehydration of ethonol (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (32): Acetic acid solution turns (MCQ)
(a) Blue litmus red
(b) Red litmus blue
(c) Blue litmus colourless
(d) Red litmus colourless

Q (33): List in tabular form three physical and two chemical properties on the basis of
which ethanol and ethanoic acid can be differentiation. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (34): Can we test hard water by using detergent? Write one more method other than
using soap to test the hardness of hard water. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (35): The colour of a freshly prepared solution filled in a test tube is pale green.The
solution could be: (MCQ)
(a) Zinc sulphate
(b) Ferrous sulphate
(c) Copper sulphate
(d) Aluminm sulphate

Q (36): A student adds 4 mL of acetic acid to a test tube containing 4 ml of distilled water.
He then shakes the test tube and leaves it to settle. after about, 10 minutes he
observes ______. (MCQ)
(a) a layer of water over the layer of acetic acid
(b) a layer of acetic acid over the layer of water
(c) a precipitate settling at the bottom of the test tube
(d) a clear colourless solution

Q (37): A student prepared an aqueous solution of

in beaker X and an aqueous solution of
in beaker Y. He then dropped some iron pieces in beaker X and some zinc pieces
in beaker Y. after about 10 hours he observed that the solutions in X and Y
respectively appear: (MCQ)
(a) blue and green
(b) colourless and pale green
(c) colourless and light blue
(d) greenish and colourless

Q (38): Write the name and the structural formula of the compound formed when ethanol

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is heated at 443 K with excess of conc.
. State the role of conc.
in this reaction. Write chemical equation for the reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (39): A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide solution in a beaker containing water.
The observations noted by him are given below.
I. Sodium hydroxide is in the form of pellets.
II. It dissolves in water readily.
III. The beaker appears cold when touched from outside.
IV. The red litmus paper turns blue when dipped into the solution.
The correct observations are: (MCQ)
( a ) I, II and III ( b ) II, III and IV
( c ) III, IV and I ( d ) IV, I and II

Q (40): Name the oxidising agent used for the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid.
Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid on the basis of (i) litmus test,
(ii) reaction with sodium carbonate. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (41): Write two test you would perform to detect, whether the given colourless Acetic
Acid or not. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (42): A student takes 2 mL acetic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium
hydrogen carbonate to it. He makes the following observations:
I. A colourless and odourless gas evolves with a brisk effervescence.
II. The gas turns lime water milky when it is passed through it.
III. The gas burns with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it.
IV. The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it. The correct
observations are: (MCQ)
( a ) I, II and III ( b ) II, III and IV
( c ) III, IV and I ( d ) IV, I and II

Q (43): Hard water required for an experiment is not available in a school laboratory.
However, following salts are available in the laboratory. Select the salts which
may be dissolved in water to make it hard for the experiment.
1. Calcium Sulphate
2. Sodium Sulphate
3. Calcium Chloride
4. Potassium Sulphate
5. Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
6. Magnesium Chloride (MCQ)
( a ) 1, 2 and 4 ( b ) 1, 3 and 6
( c ) 3, 5 and 6 ( d ) 2, 4 and 5

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Q (44): What are esters? How are they prepared? List two uses of esters. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (45): What is the difference between the molecules of soaps and detergents,
chemically? Explain the cleansing action of soaps. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (46): List two observations which you make when you add a pinch of sodium hydrogen
carbonate to acetic acid in a test tube. Write the chemical equation for the
reaction that occurs. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (47): A student takes four test tubes marked P, Q R and S of 25 mL capacity and fills
10 mL of distilled water in each. He dissolves one spoon full of four different salts in
each as-KCl in P, NaCl in Q CaCI2 in Rand MgCI2 in S. He then adds about 2 mL
of a sample of soap solution to each of the above test tubes. On shaking the contents
of each of the test tubes, he is likely to observe a good amount of lather (foam) in the
test tubes marked: (MCQ)
( a ) P and Q ( b ) R and S
( c ) P, Q and R ( d ) P, Q and S

Q (48): What do you observe when you drop a few drops of acetic acid to a test tube
containing:(i) phenolphthalein (ii) distilled water (iii) universal indicator (iv)
sodium hydrogen carbonate powder (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (49): Consider the following comments about saponification reactions:(I) Heat is
evolved in these reaction.(II) For quick precipitation of soap sodium chloride is
added to the reaction mixture.
(III) Saponification reactions are special kind of neutralization reactions.(IV) Soaps are
basic salts of long chain fatty acids.The correct comments are: (MCQ)
( a ) I, II and III ( b ) II, III and IV
( c ) I, II and IV ( d ) Only I and IV

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 METALS AND NON-METALS PYQ

Science - 10th
Q (1): Name the compound formed when ethanol is heated is excess of conc. sulphuric
acid at 443 K. Also write the chemical equation of the reaction stating the role of
cone. sulphuric acid in it. What would happen if hydrogen is added to the product
of this reaction in the presence of catalysts such as palladium or nickel? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (2): What is an oxidizing agent? What happens when an oxidizing agent is added to
propanol? Explain with the help of a chemical equation. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (3): Na, Mg and Al are the elements having one, two and three valence electrons
respectively. Which of these elements (i) has the largest atomic radius, (ii) is
least reactive? Justify your answer stating reason for each. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (4): The aqueous 'solutions of copper 'sulphate and zinc sulphate appear (MCQ)
(a) blue and green respectively
(b) green and colorless respectively
(c) blue and brown respectively'
(d) blue and colorless respectively

Q (5): Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble gas configuration by either gaining
or losing electrons from their outermost shells. Give reason to explain why carbon
cannot attain noble gas configuration in this manner to form its compounds. Name
the type of bonds formed in ionic compounds and in the compounds formed by
carbon. Also give reason why carbon compounds are generally poor conductors
of electricity. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (6): (a) Why are most carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity? (b) Write the
name and structure of a saturated compound in which the carbon atoms are
arranged in a ring. Give the number of single bonds present in this compound.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (7): A student added few pieces of aluminium metal to two test tubes A and B
containing aqueous solutions of iron sulphate and copper sulphate. In the
second part of her experiment, she added iron metal to another test tubes C and
D containing aqueous solutions of aluminium sulphate and copper sulphate. In which
test tube or test tubes will she observe colour change? On the basis of this
experiment, state which one is the most reactive metal and why.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (8): (a) Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure metals in the middle of the
activity series from their carbonate ores. (b) How is copper extracted from its
sulphide ore? Explain the various steps supported by chemical equations. Draw
labelled diagram for the electrolytic refining of copper. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (9): (a) List in tabular form 3 chemical properties on the basis of which we can
differentiate between a metal and a non-metal.

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(b) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Most metals conduct electricity well.
(ii) The reaction of iron(II) oxide
with heated aluminium is used to join cracked machine parts. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (10): Write the chemical formula and name of the compound which is the active
ingredient of all alcoholic drinks. List its 2 uses. Write chemical equation and
name of the product formed when this compound reacts with-
(i) sodium metal
(ii) hot conc. Sulphuric acid
OR
What is methane? Draw its electron dot structure. Name the type of bonds formed in this
compound. Why are such compounds:
(i)poor conductors of electricity? and
(ii) have low melting and boiling points? What happens when this compound burns in
oxygen? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (11): To show that zinc is a more active metal than copper, the correct
procedure is to (MCQ)
(a) Add dilute nitric acid on strips of both the metals.
(b) Observe transmission of heat through strips of zinc and copper.
(c) Prepare solution of zinc sulphate and hang strip of copper into it.
(d) Prepare solution of copper sulphate and hang strip of zinc into it.

Q (12):

Using the above figure, Giving reasons, explain the following:(a) Element A is a
non-metal.(b) Atom of elements C has a larger size than atom of element
A.(c) Elements B has a valency of 1. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (13): Calcium is an element with atomic number 20. Stating reason answer each of the
following questions:(i) Is calcium a metal or non-metal?(ii) Will its atomic radius
be larger or smaller than that of potassium with atomic number 19?(iii) Write the
formula of its oxide. (SUBJECTIVE)

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 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS PYQ

Science - 10th
Q (1): Draw the structure for ethanoic acid molecule,
. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (2): (a) State two properties of carbon which leads to a very large number of carbon
compounds.(b) Why does micelle formation take place when soaps is
added to water? Why are micelle not formed when soap is added to ethanol?
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (3): Write chemical equations to show what happens when (i) ethanol is heated with
concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K. (ii) ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid
in the presence of an acid acting as a catalyst. (iii) an ester reacts with a base.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (4): Write chemical equations for what happen when (i) Sodium metal is added to
ethanoic acid (ii) Solid sodium carbonate is added to ethanoic acid. (iii) Ethanoic
acid reacts with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (5): Draw the structure of the hexanal molecule,
. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (6): Explain isomerism. State any four characteristics of isomers. Draw the structures
of possible isomers of butane,

. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (7): Describe two examples of different oxidations of ethanol. Name the products
obtained in each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (8): Ethanol is one of the most important industrial chemicals. It is used in medicine, to
synthesize many important compounds, it is an excellent solvent.
However, inspite of its benefits it causes many social problems. If a person drinks alcohol
regularly, he becomes an alcoholic. Alcohol is non-toxic but it produces
physiological effects disturbing brain activity. These persons are also a
threat to the lives of others. (a) Give three reasons in favour and three reasons
against 'alcohol-free world'. (b) 'Alcohol drinking should not be potrayed on
media.' Give valid reasons to justify. (c) As a student what initiative would you
take in the concern of "We should condemn drinking alcohol". (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (9): What is meant by homologous series of organic compounds? Write the chemical
formulae of two members of a homologous series and state which part
determines the (i) physical properties, (ii) chemical properties, of these
compounds. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (10): Write the name and formula of the first member of the carbon compounds having
functional group-COOH. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (11): Write the name and formula of the second member of the carbon compounds

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having functional group-OH. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (12): Write the name and formula of the first member of the carbon compounds having
functional group-CHO. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (13): What are hydrocarbons? Write the name and general formula of (i) saturated
hydrocarbons, (ii) unsaturated hydrocarbons, and draw the structure of
one hydrocarbon of each type. How can an unsaturated hydrocarbon be made
saturated? Or What are detergents chemically? List two merits and two
demerits of using detergents for cleansing. State the reason for the suitability of
detergents for washing, even in the case of water having calcium and
magnesium ions. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (14): A carboxylic acid
reacts with an alcohol in the presence of
on form a compound 'X'. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline
followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid,
. Write the name and structure of (i) Carboxylic acid, (ii) alcohol and(iii) the
compound 'X'. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (15): (a) Differentiate between alkanes and alkenes. Name and draw the structure of
one member of each.
(b) Alkanes generally give clean flame. Why? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (16): What is meant by isomers? We can not have isomers of first three members of
alkane series." Give reason to justify this statement. Draw the structures of two
isomers of pentane,

. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (17): In the preparation of soap, a small amount of sodium chloride(common salt) is
added to the mixture of fat and sodium hydroxide. The role of common salt is to
A. favor the precipitation of soap
B. enhance the cleansing capacity of soap
C. increase the weight of the soap to earn money
D. decrease the acidity of the soap (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (18): A carboxylic acid (molecular formula)
reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a compound 'X'.
The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline
followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid
Write the name and structure of (i) carboxylic acid, (ii) alcohol and (iii) the
compound 'X'. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (19): List two reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Name the
type of bonding found in most of its compounds. Why does carbon form compounds

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mainly by this kind of bonding? Give reason why the carbon compounds- (i)
Generally, have low melting and boiling points. (ii) Do not conduct electricity in
molten state. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (20): What are homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the molecular formula
of two consecutive members of homologous series of aldehydes. State which part of
the compounds determines their (i) physical and (ii) chemical properties.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (21): What is meant by homologous series of carbon compounds? Write the general
formula of (i) alkenes, and (ii) alkynes. Draw the structures of the first member of
each series to show the bonding between the two carbon atoms. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (22): Define the term 'structural isomerism'. Explain why propane cannot exhibit this
property. Draw the structures of possible isomers of butane,

. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (23): What is meant by homologous series of carbon compounds? Classify the
following carbon compounds into two homologous series and name them.

and

. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (24): List two tests for experimentally distinguishing between an alcohol and a
carboxylic acid and Describe how these tests are performed. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (25): Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of butane,

(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (26): Write the number of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (27): Write the name and general formula of a chain of hydrocarbons in which an
addition reaction with hydrogen is possible. State the essential condition for an
addition reaction. Stating this condition, write a chemical equation giving the
name of the reactant and the product of the reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (28): Draw the electron-dot structure for ethyne. A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is
burnt for welding. In your opinion, why cannot we use a mixture of ethyne and air

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for this purpose? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (29): An aldehyde as well as a ketone can be represented by the same molecular
formula, say
. Write their structures and name them. State the relation between the two in the
language of science. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (30): On dropping a small piece of sodium in a test tube containing carbon compound
'X' with molecular formula
, a brisk effervescence is observed and a gas 'Y' is produced. On bringing a
burning splinter at the mouth of the test tube the gas evolved burns with a pop
sound. Identify 'X' and 'Y'. Also write the chemical equation for the reaction. Write
the name ind structure of the product formed, when you heat 'X' with excess cone.
Sulphur acid. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (31): For preparing soap in the laboratory we require an oil and a base. Which of the
following combination of an oil and a base would be best suited for the
preparation of soap? (MCQ)
(a) Castor oil and calcium hydroxide
(b) Turpentine oil and sodium hydroxide
(c) Castor oil and sodium hydroxide
(d) Mustard oil and calcium hydroxide

Q (32): Write the name and structure of an alcohol with three carbon atoms in its molecule.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (33): Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (34): A student adds a spoon full of powdered sodium hydrogen carbonate to a flask
containing ethanoic acid. List two main observations, he must note in his note
book, about the reaction that takes place. Also write chemical equation for the
reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (35): Write the name and structure of an alcohol with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (36): Write three different chemical reactions showing the conversion of ethanoic acid
to sodium ethanoate. Write balanced chemical equation in each case. Write the name
of the reactants and the products other than ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate in
each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (37): A student puts a drop of reaction mixture of a saponification reaction first on a
blue litmus paper and then on a red litmus paper. He may observe that: (MCQ)
( a ) There is no change in the blue litmus paper and the red litmus paper turns white.
( b ) There is no change in the red litmus paper and the blue litmus paper turns red.

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( c ) There is no change in the blue litmus paper and the red litmus paper turns blue.
( d ) No change in colour is observed in both the litmus papers.

Q (38): Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and the 3rd member of the homologous
series whose first member is methane. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (39): Write the structural formula of ethanol. What happens when it is heated with an
excess of conc.
at 443 K? Write the chemical equation for the reaction stating the role of conc.
in this reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (40): Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons? Write the general formula for
homologous series of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes and also draw the
structure of the first member of each series. Write the name of the reaction that
converts alkenes into alkanes and also writes a chemical equation to show the
necessary conditions for the reaction to occur. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (41): Mention the essential material (chemicals) to prepare soap in the laboratory.
Describe in brief the test of determining the nature (acidic/alkaline) of the
reaction mixture of saponification reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (42): While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix an
equal amount of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of NaOH in a
beaker ? (MCQ)
(a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown
(b) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker
(c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot
(d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold

Q (43): Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions with the help of
the chemical equations for each. State one use of each (i) esters, and (ii)
saponification process. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (44): A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an
unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a
colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’, ‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the
chemical reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in
the reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (45): In three test tubes A, B and C, three different liquids namely, distilled water,
underground water and distilled water in which a pinch of calcium sulphate
is dissolved, respectively are taken. Equal amount of soap solution is added to each
test tube and the contents are shaken. In which test tube will the length of the foam
(lather) be longest? Justify your answer. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (46): Write the electron dot structure of ethene molecule,

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 (SUBJECTIVE)

Q (47): (a) What is a soap? Why are soaps not suitable for washing clothes when the
water is hard?
(b) Explain the action of soap in removing an oily spot from a piece of cloth.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (48): How many covalent bonds are there in a molecule of ethane,

? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (49): Name the functional group present in each of the following organic compounds:
(i)
(ii)
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (50): Which class of carbon compounds is responsible for the depletion of ozone layer
at the higher level of the atmosphere? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (51): Name the functional group present in each of the following compounds:
(i) HCOOH (ii)
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (52): Name the functional group present in each of the following organic compounds:
(i)
(ii)
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (53): What are isomers? Draw the structure of two isomers of butane,

. Why can’t we have isomers of first three numbers of alkane series?

(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (54): What is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and
detergents. State in brief the action of soaps in removing an oily spot from a
short. Why are soaps not considered suitable for washing where water is hard?
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (55): Differentiate between alkanes and alkenes. Name and draw the structure of one
member of each. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (56): Alkanes generally burn with clean flame. Why? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (57): (a)Define the term 'isomers'.
(b) Draw two possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula
and write their names.
(c) Give the electron dot structures of the above two compounds. (SUBJECTIVE)

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Q (58): State the meaning of functional group in a carbon compound.Write the functional
group present in ethanol and ethanoic acid and also draw their structure.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (59): State the reason why carbon can neither form

cations nor

anions, but forms covalent compounds. Also state reasons to explain why
covalent compounds: (a) are bad conductors of electricity? (b) have low melting
and boiling points? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (60): State the meaning of the functional group in an organic compound. Write the
formula of the functional group present in alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and
carboxylic acids. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (61): Write the names and general formula of a chain of hydrocarbons in which an
addition reaction with hydrogen can take place. State the essential conditions
required for an addition reaction to occur write the chemical equation giving the
name of the reactant and the product of such a reaction. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (62): Explain why carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bond. Explain in brief
two main reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds. Why does
carbon form strong bonds with most other elements? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (63): What is meant by isomers? Draw the structures of two isomers of butane,

Explain why we cannot have isomers of first three members of alkane

series.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (64): With the help of an example, explain the process of hydrogenation. Mention the
essential conditions for the reaction and state the change in physical property
with the formation of the product. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (65): Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following :

;
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (66): (a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated
hydrocarbon.(b) Name the products formed when ethane burns in air.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction showing the types of
energies liberated. (c) Why is reaction between methane and chlorine in the
presence of sunlight considered a substitution reaction? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (67): Write the next homologue of each of the following::

and

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 (SUBJECTIVE)

Q (68): What are covalent compounds? Why are they different from ionic compounds?
List their three characteristic properties. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (69): Write the next homologue of each of the following::
AND

(SUBJECTIVE)

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 PERIODIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF ELEMENTS PYQ

Science - 10th
Q (1): How does the valency of elements very (i) in going down a group, and (ii) in going
from left to right in a period of the periodic table? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (2): In the modern periodic table, the elements calcium (atomic number = 20) is
surrounded by elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of
these elements has physical and chemical properties resembling those of calcium
and why? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (3): The atomic number of an element is 16. Predict (i) the number of valence electrons
in its atom. (ii) its valences. (iii) its group number. (iv) whether it is a metal or
non-metal. (v) the nature is oxide formed by it. (vi) the formula of it chloride.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (4): (a) How does the size of atom of elements very down a group in the periodic
table? Why is it so? (b) What does the tendency to lose electrons vary down a
group in the periodic table? Give reason. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (5): An element 'X' belongs to 3rd period and group 17 of the periodic table. State its (i)
electronic configuration, (ii) valency. Justify your answer with reasoning.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (6): An element E has following electronic configuration: K L M 2 8 6 (a) To which
group of the periodic table does element E belong? (b) To which period of the
periodic table does element E belong? (c) State the number of valence electrons
present in element E. (d) State the valency of the element E. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (7): Why do all the elements of the (a) same group have similar properties, (b) same
period have different properties? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (8): Choose from the following: 6C, 8O, 10Ne, 11Na, 14Si (i) Elements that should be
in the same period. (ii) Elements that should be in the same group. State reason for
your selection in each case (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (9): The formula of magnesium oxide is MgO. State the formula of barium nitrate and
barium sulphate, if barium belongs to the same group as magnesium.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (10): (a) Which two criteria did Mendeleev use to classify the elements in his periodic
table? (b) Which element of period '3' of the modern periodic table (i) is the most
reactive non-metal? (ii) is the most reactive metal? (iii) forms ion with -2 charge?
(iv) forms ion with +2 charge? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (11): (a) How are the following related? (i) Number of valence electrons of different
elements in the same group. (ii) Number of shells of elements in the same
period. (b) How do the following change? (i) Number of shells of elements as we
go down a group. (ii) Number of valence electrons of elements on moving from left to
right in a period. (iii)Atomic radius in moving from left to right along a period. (iv)

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Atomic size down a group. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (12): Choose from the following: 20Ca, 3Li, 11Na, 10Ne. (i) An element having two
shells completely filled with electrons. (ii) Two elements belonging to the same
group of the periodic table. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (13): The atomic number of an element is 17. Predict (a) its valency, (b) whether it is a
metal or non-metal, (c) its relative size with respect to other members of its group.
Justify your answer in each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (14): The electronic configuration of an element 'X' is 2, 8, 8, 2. To which (a) period
and(b) group of the modern periodic table does 'X' belong? State its valency.
Justify your answer in each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (15): The atomic numbers of three elements A, 8 and C are 11, 17 and 19 respectively.
State giving reason which out of two elements will show similar chemical
properties. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (16): The atomic number of an element 'X' is 20. Write
(a) its valency,
(b) whether it is a metal or non-metal,
(c) the formula of compound formed when the element 'X' reacts with an element 'Y' of
atomic number 8.
Justify your answer in each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (17): Explain the trends in the Modern Periodic Table of various properties like valency,
atomic size, metallic and non-mettalic properties of the atoms of elements.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (18): State modern periodic law of classification of elements. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (19): Four elements P, Q, R and have atomic numbers 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively.
Answer the following questions giving reasons:
(i)What is the valency of Q?
(ii)Classify these elements as metals and non-metals.
(iii)Which of these elements will form the most basic oxide? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (20): The electronic configuration of an element 'X' is 2, 8, 8, 2. To which (a) period
and (b) group of the modern periodic table does 'X' belong? State its valency. Justify
your answer in each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (21): The atomic numbers of three elements X, Y and Z are 3, 11 and17 respectively.
State which elements will show same chemical properties. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (22): List any two properties of the elements belonging to the first group of the modern
periodic table. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (23): Write the atomic numbers of two elements 'X' and 'Y' having electronic
configuration 2,8,2 and 2,8,6 respectively. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (24): The atomic numbers of three elements A, B and C are 12, 18 and 20

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respectively. State, giving reason, which two elements will show similar
properties. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (25): The elements Be, Mg and Ca each having two electrons in their outermost shells
are in periods 2, 3, and 4 respectively of the modern periodic table. Answer the
following questions, giving justification in each case: (i) Write the group to which
these elements belong. (ii) Name the least reactive element. (iii) Name the element
having largest atomic radius. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (26): The electrons in the atoms of four elements A, B, C and D are distributed in three
shells having 1, 3, 5 and 7 electrons in the outermost shell respectively. State the
period in which these elements can be placed in the modem periodic table. Write
the electronic configuration of the atoms of A and D and the molecular formula of the
compound formed when A and D combine. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (27): Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble gas configuration by either
gaining or losing electrons from their outermost shells. Give reason to explain
why carbon cannot attain noble gas configuration in this manner to form its
compounds. Name the type of bonds formed in ionic compounds and in the
compounds formed by carbon. Also give reason why carbon compounds are
generally poor conductors of electricity. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (28): (a) Why do we classify elements? (b) What were the two criteria used by
Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table? (c) Why did Mendeleev leave
some gaps in his Periodic Table? (d) In Mendeleev's Periodic Table, why was there
no mention of Noble gases like Helium, Neon and Argon? (e) Would you place the two
isotopes of chlorine, Cl-35 and Cl-37 in different slots because of their different
atomic masses or in the same slot because their chemical properties are the
same? Justify your answer. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (29): What is meant by 'group' in the modern periodic table? How do the following
change on moving from top to bottom in a group? (i) Number of valence
electrons (ii) Number of occupied shells (iii) Size of atoms (iv) Metallic character
of elements (v) Effective nuclear change experienced by valence electrons.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (30):

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Study the above table in which positions of six elements A, B, C, D, E arid F are
shown as they are in the modern periodic table. On the basis of the above table,
answer the following questions: (i) Name the element which forms only covalent
compounds. (ii) Name the element which is a metal with valency three. (iii)
Name the element which is a non-metal with valency three. (iv) Out of D and E,
which is bigger in size and why? (v) Write the common name for the family to
which the elements C and F belong. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (31): Two elements 'P' and 'Q' belong to the same period of the modem periodic table
and are in Group-1 and Group-2 respectively. Compare their following characteristics
in tabular form:
(a) The number of electrons in their atoms
(b) The sizes of their atoms
(c) Their metallic characters
(d) Their tendencies to lose electrons
(e) The formula of their oxides
(f) The formula of their chlorides (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (32): Taking the example of an element of atomic number 16, explain how the
electronic configuration of the atom of an element relates to its position in the
modem periodic table and how valency of an element is calculated on the basis
of its atomic number. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (33): Given below are some elements of the modem periodic table. Atomic number of
the element is given in the parentheses: A(4), B(9), C(14), 0(19), E(20)
(a) Select the element that has one electron in the outermost shell. Also write the
electronic configuration of this element.
(b) Which two elements amongst these belong to the same group? Give reason/for your
answer.
(c) Which two elements amongst these belong to the same period? Which one of the two
has bigger atomic radius? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (34): The elements

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 and

, each having two valence electrons in their valence shells, are in periods 2, 3
and 4 respectively of the modern periodic table. Answer the following questions
associated with these elements, giving reason in each case:
(a) In which group should they be?
(b) Which one of them is least reactive?
(c) Which one of them has take largest atomic size? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (35): An element 'X' belongs to 3rd period and group 13 of the Modern Periodic Table.
(a) Determine the valence electrons and the valency of 'X'.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound formed when 'X' reacts with an element 'Y'
(atomic number = 8).
(c) Write the name and formula of the compound formed when 'X' combines with chlorine.
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (36): An element 'X' has mass number 35 and number of neutrons 18. Write atomic
number and electronic configuration of 'X'. Also write group number, period
number and valency of 'X'. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (37):

In the above figure, the position of eight elements in the Modem Periodic Table is
given below where atomic numbers of elements are given in the parenthesis.
(i) Write the electronic configuration of Ca.
(ii) Predict the number of valence electrons in Rb.
(iii) What is the number of shells in Sr?
(iv) Predict whether K is a metal or a non-metal.
(v) Which one of these elements has the largest atom in size?
(vi) Arrange Be, Ca, Mg and Rb in the increasing order of the size of their respective
atoms. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (38): Three elements 'X', 'Y' and 'Z' have atomic numbers 7, 8 and 9 respectively.
(a) State their positions (Group number and period number both) in the Modern Periodic
Table.

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(b)Arrange these elements in the decreasing order of their atomic radii.
(c) Write the formula of the compound formed when 'X' combines with 'Z'. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (39): An element 'X' belongs to 3rd period and group 16 of the Modern Periodic Table.
(a) Determine the number of valence electrons and the valency of 'X'. (b) Molecular
formula of the compound when 'X' reacts with hydrogen and write its electron dot
structure. (c) Name the element 'X' and state whether it is metallic or
non-metallic. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (40): Na, Mg, and Al are the elements of the 3rd period of the Modern Periodic Table
having group number 1, 2 and 13 respectively. Which one of these elements has
the (a) highest valency, (b) largest atomic radius, and (c) maximum chemical
reactivity? Justify your answer stating the reason for each. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (41): Write the number of periods and groups in the Modern Periodic Table. How does
the metallic character of elements vary on moving (i) from left to right in a period, and
(ii) down a group? Give a reason to justify your answer. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (42): (a) The modern periodic table has been evolved through the early attempts of
Dobereiner, Newland and Mendeleev. List one advantage and one limitation
of all the three attempts. (b) Name the scientist who first of all showed that atomic
number of an element is a more fundamental property than its atomic mass. (c)
State Modern periodic law. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (43): How it can be proved that the basic structure of the Modern Periodic Table is
based on the electronic configuration of atoms of different elements?
OR
The electronic configuration of an element is 2,8,4. State its:
(a) Group and period in the Modern Periodic Table.
(b) Name and write its one physical property. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (44): Based on the group valency of elements write the molecular formula of the
following compounds giving justification for each:
(i) Oxide of first group elements
(ii) Halide of the elements of group thirteen, and
(iii) Compound formed when an element, A of group 2 combines with an element, B of
group seventeen. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (45): Two elements X and Y belong to group 1 and 2 respectively in the same period of
periodic table. Compare them with respect to:(i)the number of valence electrons
in their atoms; (ii)their valencies; (iii)metallic character; (iv)the sizes of their atoms;
(v)the formulae of their oxides; (vi)the formulae of their chlorides. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (46): (a) On the basis of electronic configuration, how will you identify the first and the
last element of a period? (b) The stars appear higher from horizon than they actually
are. Explain why it is so? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (47): (i) How do you calculate the possible valency of an element from the electronic

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configuration of its atoms? (ii)Calculate the valency of an element X whose
atomic number is 9. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (48): Explain Mendel's view of a dominant trait. Give an example (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (49): How does the electronic configuration of an atom of an element relate to its
position in the modern periodic table? Explain with one example. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (50): The atomic numbers of three elements, X, Y and Z are 9,11 and 17 respectively.
Which two of these elements will show similar chemical properties? Why?
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (51): F, Cl and Br are the elements each having seven valence electrons. Which of
these (i) has the largest atomic radius, (ii) is most reactive? Justify your answer
stating reason for each. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (52): An element 'M' has atomic number 11:
(a) Write its electron configuration.
(b) State the group to which 'M' belongs?
(c) Is 'M' a metal or a non-metal?
(c) Write the formula of its chloride. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (53): Explain the variation of the following properties of the element in the periodic table.
(i) Atomic radius in a period.
(ii) Metallic character in a period.
(iii) valency in a group. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (54): State the modem periodic law for classification of elements. How many (i) groups
and (ii) periods are there in the modem periodic table? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (55): An element 'M' has atomic number 12:
(a) Write its electronic configuration.
(b) State the group to which 'M' belongs.
(c) State the period to which 'M' belongs.
(d) State the valency of 'M'.
(e) Is 'M' a metal or a non-metal?
(f) Write the formula of its oxide. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (56): An element ‘X' has atomic number 13:
(a) Write its electron configuration.
(b) state the group to which ‘X ‘belongs?
(c) Is ‘X' a metal or a non- metal?
(d) Write the formula of its bromide. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (57): How can the valency of an elements be determined if its electronic configuration
is known? What will be the valency of an elements to atomic number 9 (nine)?
(SUBJECTIVE)
Q (58): Write the number of periods the modem periodic table has. How do the valency

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and metallic character of elements vary on moving from left to right in a period? How
do the valency and atomic size of elements vary down a group? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (59): An element X (atomic number 17) reacts with an element Y (atomic number 20)
to a compound.
(a) Write the position of these elements in the modern periodic table.
(b) Write the formula of the compound formed. Justify your answer in each case.
Justify your answer in each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (60):

The elements of the third period of the Periodic Table are given above.
(a) Which atom is bigger, Na or Mg? Why?
(b) Identify the most (i) metallic and (ii) non-metallic element in Period 3.
(c) Which is more non-metallic, S or Cl?
(d) Which has higher atomic mass, AI or Cl? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (61):

In the above table, there are some elements of the modern periodic table :
4 Be, 9 Fe, 14 Si, 19 K, 20 Ca
(i) Select the element that has one electron in the outermost shell and write its electronic
configuration.
(ii) Select two elements that belong to the same group. Give reason for your answer.
(iii) Select two elements that belong to the same period. Which one of the two has bigger
atomic size? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (62): How many vertical columns are there in the modern periodic table and what are
they called? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (63): How many horizontal rows are there in the modern periodic table and what are
they called? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (64): Write any one difference in the electronic configurations of group 1 and group 2

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elements? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (65): Write the number of horizontal rows in the modern periodic table. What are these
rows called? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (66): Based on the group valency of elements state the formula for the following giving
justification for each: (i) Oxides of 1st group elements, (ii) Halides of the
elements of group 13, and (iii) Compounds formed when an element of group 2
combines with an element of group 16. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (67): Consider two elements 'A' (Atomic number 17) and 'B' (Atomic number 19):(i)
Write the positions of these elements in the modern periodic table giving
justification.(ii) Write the formula of the compound formed when 'A'
combines with 'B'.(iii) Draw the electron dot structure of the compound and
state the nature of the bond formed between the two elements. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (68): Define the following terms:(i) Valency; (ii) Atomic size, (b) How do the valency
and' the atomic size of the elements vary while going from left to right along a period
in the modern periodic table? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (69): Write the number of vertical columns in the modern periodic table. What are these
columns called? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (70): From the following elements:
. (i) Select the element having one electron in the outermost shell.
(ii) Two elements of the same group. Write the formula of and mention the nature of
the compound formed by the union of

and element X (2,8,7). (SUBJECTIVE)

Q (71): Na, Mg and AI are the elements of the same period of Modern Periodic Table
having one, two and three valence electrons respectively. Which of these
elements (i) has the largest atomic radius, (ii) is least reactive? Justify your
answer stating reason for each case. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (72): Write the number of periods the Modem Periodic Table has. State the changes in
valency and metallic character of elements as we move from left to right in a
period. Also state the changes, if any, in the valency and atomic size of elements
as we move down a group. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (73): How many groups and periods are there in the modern periodic table? How do
the atomic size and metallic character of elements vary as we move :(i) down a group
and (ii) from left to right in a period? (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (74): From the following elements:

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 (i) Select the element having one electron in the outermost shell. (ii) two
elements of the same group. Write the formula of and mention the nature of the
compound formed by the union of

and element X(2,8,7). (SUBJECTIVE)

Q (75): Name any two elements of group one and write their electronic configurations.
What similarity do you observe in their electronic configurations? Write the formula
of oxide of any of the aforesaid element. (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (76): Two elements 'A' and 'B' belong to the 3rd period of Modern periodic table and
are in group 2 and 13 respectively. Compare their following characteristics in tabular
form:
(a) Number of electrons in their atoms
(b) Size of their atoms
(c) Their tendencies to lose electrons
(d) The formula of their oxides
(e) Their metallic character
(f) The formula of their chlorides (SUBJECTIVE)
Q (77): An element ‘M' with electronic configuration (2, 8, 2) combines separately with
,

and

radicals. Write the formula of the three compounds so formed. To which

group and period of the Modern Periodic Table do the elements 'M' belong? Will
'M' form covalent or ionic compounds? Give reason to justify your answer.
(SUBJECTIVE)

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