Falling Head Is.5529.1.1985
Falling Head Is.5529.1.1985
Falling Head Is.5529.1.1985
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Indian Standard
IN-SITU PERMEABILITY TESTS
PART 1 TESTS IN OVERBURDEN — CODE OF PRACTICE
( Second Revision )
ICS 93.020
© BIS 2013
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
FOREWORD
This Code (Part 1) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Geological Investigations and Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee had been approved by the Water
Resources Division Council.
This Code was first published in 1969 and revised in 1985. The present revision is proposed to reflect the experience
gained on the subject since then.
Field permeability of subsurface strata is necessary in connection with various engineering problems, such as
design of cut-off for earth dam, calculation of pumping capacity for dewatering excavations and determination of
aquifer constants of subsurface strata.
The field permeability tests are carried out to determine permeability of each subsurface strata encountered up to
bed rock as well as to ascertain overall permeability of strata. The tests are carried out in standard drill holes
where subsurface explorations for foundations are carried out by drilling. The tests are also carried out in auger
holes or bore holes of larger size than those made by standard drill rods. These tests are convenient and reliable
for depth up to 30 m and they dispense with costly drilling operations. The tests carried out are either pumping in
or pumping out type. When the stratum being tested is above water table, the pumping in test is carried out and
when it is below water table then either pumping in or pumping out test may be conducted.
The coefficient of permeability is usually evaluated on the basis of Darcy’s law which states that the rate of flow
through a porous medium is proportional to the hydraulic gradient. This relationship is applicable for steady and
laminar flow through saturated soils. A reliable determination of permeability may be made only when the above
conditions for the validity of Darcy’s law are fulfilled. Further, the reliability of the values of permeability
depends upon the homogeneity of the strata tested and on the validity of the following assumptions in the formula
used:
a) Non-pumping piezometer surface is horizontal; and
b) Non-pumping aquifer is horizontal, of uniform saturated thickness, of infinite aerial extent and is
homogeneous.
This Code is published in two parts. Other part in the series is:
Part 2 Test in bedrock
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 5529 (Part 1) : 2013
Indian Standard
IN-SITU PERMEABILITY TESTS
PART 1 TESTS IN OVERBURDEN — CODE OF PRACTICE
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE from storage in a vertical column of the aquifer of unit
cross-sectional area and is given by the following
1.1 This Code (Part 1) specifies the methods, as
formula:
mentioned in 1.2 and 1.3 out of a number of methods,
of determining field permeability in overburden. These
Ê b + aˆ
are more commonly adopted for civil engineering S = n b γw Á
purposes. Ë h ˜¯
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3.1.2.2 The method does not provide the overall 3.2.2.6 The electric probe (see Fig. 1) consists of a
permeability of the strata but the permeability of a long wire kept straight by means of a weight tied at
stratum of thickness five times the diameter of the hole the bottom end. This probe should be connected to a
below and above the level of casing. cell and galvanometer. A connecting wire passes from
the other terminal of the galvanometer to earth. It may
3.2 Constant Head Method (Cased Well-Open End be tied to the metal casing of the observation well itself.
Test) Then galvanometer needle will show deflection on
completion of the electric circuit when the probe
3.2.1 The constant head method is used when the
touches water in the hole. The depth of the electric
permeability of the strata being tested is high.
wire lowered is measured by tape or by the graduations
FIG. 1 SET-UP FOR CONSTANT HEAD METHOD (G RAVITY FEED, O PEN-END TYPE)
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marked on the electric wire itself for determining the observations of the water level at 5 min intervals should
depth of water level in the hole. be noted. When three consecutive readings show
constant values, further observations may be stopped
3.2.2.7 Miscellaneous equipment, stop watches,
and the constant reading should be taken to the depth
graduated cylinders pressure gauges, water meter and
of water level. Alternatively, the water reading may also
enamelled bucket for measuring discharge.
be taken by means of soundings by mason’s plumb.
3.2.3 Procedure
3.2.4 Observations
3.2.3.1 In this method, a hole should be drilled or bored
The observations of the test should be recorded suitably.
up to the level at which the test is to be performed. The
A recommended proforma for the record of results is
casing should be sunk by drilling and driving or jetting
given in Annex A.
with water and driving, whichever gives the tightest fit
to the casing in the hole. The casing should be 3.2.5 Computations of Coefficient of Permeability
simultaneously driven as the drilling or boring of the
3.2.5.1 The permeability by constant head method
hole is in progress. After the required level is reached,
(open-end test) should be obtained from the following
the hole should be cleaned by means of scooping
relation determined by electrical analogy experiments:
spoons and bailor. If the hole extends below ground
water level, the hole should be kept full of water while Q
cleaning it (as otherwise, due to water pressure, soil K= … (1)
5.5 rH
may squeeze into the bottom of the casing pipe) and
where
should be cleaned by passing air under pressure by air
jetting method. K = coefficient of permeability;
3.2.3.2 After the hole is cleaned the test should be Q = constant rate of flow into the hole;
started by allowing clean water through a metering r = internal radius of casing; and
system to maintain gravity flow at constant head. The H = differential head of water = H1 (gravity head)
flow should be adjusted by the regulating valve in such – Hf (head loss due to friction).
a way so as to obtain steady water level in the hole. In NOTES
the tests above water table, a stable constant level is 1 The value of H, for gravity test made below water table is the
rarely obtained, and a surging of the level within 20 mm difference between the level of water in the casing and the
to 30 mm at a constant rate of flow for about 5 min ground water level. For test above water table, H1 is the depth
may be considered satisfactory. of water in the hole as shown in Fig. 2.
2 The value of Hf (head loss due to friction) may be obtained
3.2.3.3 For measuring water level or constant water from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 for EX, AX, BX and NX size rods.
level maintained in the hole during test, the naked point
3.2.5.2 When K is measured, in cm/s, Q, in litre/min,
of the enamelled wire of the electric probe should be
and H, in m, equation (1) may be written as:
lowered in the hole till it touches the water level. The
K = C1 × Q/H
FIG. 2 CONSTANT HEAD M ETHOD — PUMPING IN TYPE (G RAVITY FEED, OPEN-END TEST)
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FORMULA USED
fl [Q /( ðd 2/4)]2
Hf = ¥
d 2g
where
Hf = head loss Q = discharge
f = friction constant l = length of rod
d = inside diameter of rod g = acceleration due to gravity
FIG. 3 HEAD LOSS DUE TO P IPE FRICTION FOR NX SIZE RODS PER 3 m LENGTH OF DRILL ROD VERSUS D ISCHARGE
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FORMULA USED
fl [Q /( ðd 2/4)]2
Hf = ¥
d 2g
where
Hf = head loss d = inside diameter of rod
l = length of rod Q = discharge
f = friction constant g = acceleration due to gravity
F IG. 4 H EAD LOSS DUE TO P IPE FRICTION FOR EX, AX AND BX SIZE RODS PER 3 m LENGTH
OF D RILL R OD V ERSUS D ISCHARGE
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Values of C1, which vary with the size of casing and expanded shall be equal to five times the diameter of
rods, are given in Table 1. the hole.
3.2.5.3 An example illustrating the use of the formula 3.3.2.3 A perforated pipe of suitable length. The test
is given below: set up is shown in Fig. 5.
Given NX casing 3.3.3 Procedure
Q = 40 1/min The hole should be drilled or bored up to the bottom of
H1 = gravity = 2.63 m the test horizon and cleaned by the method described
in 3.2.3.1. After cleaning the hole, the packer should
Hf = using NX rod at 40 1/min = 0.001 3 m (from
be fixed at the desired depth so as to enable the testing
Fig. 3) = 0.001 3 m per 3 m section
of the full section of the hole below the packer. In
Distance from top to bottom of pipe = 3 m conducting packer tests standard drill rods should be
3 used. The water pipe should be filled with water up to
Hf = 0.001 3 × = 0.001 3 m
3 its top and the rate of fall of the water inside the pipe
H = H1 – Hf = 2.63 m – 0.001 3 m = 2.63 m. The
value of C1 for NX casing (from Table 1) =
7.95 ×10 -3
Hence
7.95 ¥ 10 -3 ¥ 40
K = C1 (Q/H) = = 120.91 × 10-3 cm/s
2.63
3.2.6 Precautions
3.2.6.1 Water level in the test hole shall be recorded
before the permeability tests are started.
3.2.6.2 The hole should be thoroughly flushed with
clear water before the tests are commended.
3.2.6.3 The water used for the tests should be clear
and free from silt.
3.2.6.4 It is desirable that the temperature of the added
water is higher than ground water temperature.
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should be recorded. If the hole cannot stand as such d = 1.9 cm L/R = 762/3.81 = 200
then casing pipe with perforated section in the strata to R = 3.81 cm loge(L/R) = loge 200= 5.30
be tested should be used.
h0 = 57.2 cm
3.3.4 Observations h1/h0 = 0.4 t1 = 19.0 min (from Fig. 6)
The observations of the test should be recorded suitably. h2/h0 = 0.2 t2 = 33.50 min (from Fig. 6)
A recorded proforma for the record of results is given
in Annex B. h1 / h0 0.4
=
3.3.5 Computations of Coefficient of Permeability h2 / h0 0.2
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FIG. 6 SEMI-LOG PLOT OF HEAD RATIO VERSUS TIME OF TEST (FALLING HEAD METHOD)
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measurements should be recorded at frequent intervals the extrapolation of antecedent water level trend, at
for a short period before injection of a slug of water the time of each water level measurement and the
into the well, to define the trend of existing water level reciprocal to time (1/t) since the injection occurred,
(the volume of water which can be injected into a well should be recorded.
as a slug is ordinarily small. Largely for this reason
3.4.5 Observations
the effect of the injected slug is not usually measurable
in the aquifer at points removed from the injection well. The observations of the test should be recorded suitably.
Water level measurements are made, therefore, only A recommended proforma for the record of results is
in the injection well). The container is then placed given in Annex C.
suitably on blocks and a known volume V of water is
3.4.6 Computation of Transmissivity
injected almost instantaneously into the well by quickly
opening the flange by the rope attached to it. The 3.4.6.1 The equation for the instantaneous vertical line
injection apparatus should be removed quickly from sink is given by the relation:
the well and water level measurements should be
resumed with the help of an electric probe (see 3.2.3.3). - x 2 S/4Tt
Ve
The time at which the injection began and the time it s= ... (3)
4 ðTt
stopped should be recorded. The average of these times
should be used as the origin of time in analyzing the where
water level measurements. The residual head, that is, s = residual head following injection of slug of
the difference between the observed water level and water;
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FIG. 8 RESIDUAL HEAD VERSUS RECIPROCAL OF TIME FOLLOWING THE I NSTANTANEOUS OF SLUG OF WATER
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4.2.3 Pump Centrifugal/Turbine, of capacity 5 l/min 4.3.2 The well consists of 250 mm dia GI pipe having
to 250 l/min and 250 l/min to l 600 l/min depending maximum number of holes over the portion below the
upon the expected yield. water table and having wire mesh fixed around this
portion of the pipe. The aperture of the wire mesh shall
4.2.4 Well Pipe, one, 250 mm GI pipe having maximum
depend upon the grading of the surrounding aquifer
number of 25 mm dia holes over the portion below the
and should be taken as the diameter of 60 percent finer
water table and having a wire mesh fixed on this
material. A conical shoe at the bottom and a blind pipe
portion. The aperture of the wire mesh should be taken
on the top, from water table to ground surface are
as the diameter of 60 percent finer material of the
provided. A 75 mm thick coarse sand and travel filter
aquifer.
should be placed all round the screen to a height
4.2.5 Piezometers or Observation Pipes, of 50 mm dia approximately 3 m above the top of the screen. During
extending to a depth depending upon the ground level development of the well, there is a possibility of more
and the expected lowering of the ground water. It intake of coarse sand due to large quantities of finer
should also have strainer (as in 4.2.4) along full length sands being pumped out. The shrouding should be
except top 0.6 m. continued till the well yields sand free water.
4.2.6 The test arrangement is shown in Fig. 9 and 4.3.3 For carrying out the test, the well should be first
Fig. 10. pumped up to the depth for which the overall
permeability is to be determined. The pump should be
4.3 Procedure run at a constant rate of discharge continuously till the
4.3.1 The installation for pumping out test consists of pumped well attains equilibrium conditions in the
fully or partially penetrating well and suitable number piezometer surface. This period varies from 10 h to
of piezometers arranged on 3 tiers preferably 120° to 100 h depending upon the aquifer conditions, its
each other. A 400 mm bore hole should be drilled by thickness, permeability and slope. The observation in
using direct or reverse circulation methods of drilling piezometers should be taken at suitable intervals of
(based on prevailing geohydrological conditions) time. In the initial stages, say for the first 15 min, the
extending to the bottom of the test section. Where the observations may be taken at 30 s interval; for the next
total saturated thickness of the aquifer is very large 30 min at 1 min interval; for the next 30 min at 2 min
and drilling the hole to bottom of the aquifer is interval and for the next 2 h at 5 min interval. After
expensive, partially penetrating well may be used. The this it may be increased to hourly and then to 5 hourly
impervious boundary or bed rock should be ascertained and 10 hourly intervals till equilibrium conditions are
by drilling. Adjustment for partial penetration should achieved. These intervals are only arbitrary and may
be made by Kozeny’s relation given in 4.3.5. be changed to suit the site conditions. After completion
FIG. 9 PLAN S HOW ARRANGEMENT OF P UMPING WELL AND PIEZOMETERS FOR P UMPING
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of pumping out and shut down, observations for horizontal and vertical coordinates of the point. Since
recovery should be also continued and the two sets of the pipe from which water is coming out is full of water,
data, one during pumping out and the other during the velocity multiplied by its cross-sectional area gives
recovery, should be used for analysis. the discharge for the pipe.
4.3.4 The discharge of the well during observations 4.3.5 Adjustment for Partial Penetration
should remain constant and is determined either by the
4.3.5.1 The formulae for the computation of coefficient
V-notch or trajectory method.
of transmissivity as mentioned in 4.5.1.1 and 4.5.1.2
4.3.4.1 In the V-notch method the well flow is are applicable only for fully penetrating wells. If the
discharged through a 5 m straight section of pipe and well is partially penetrating then the adjustment for the
fitted into a stilling chamber of V-notch arrangement. partial penetration of the aquifer is done. Kozeny
The head over the notch should be measured. The water modified this theoretical formula for partial penetration
passing through the V-notch should be collected into of wells. According to Kozeny, for equal values of
the masonry collection chamber from where it is carried drawdown, if vertical permeability is equal to horizontal
through a pipe into a ditch or drain lined with polythene permeability the relation between the values of
plastic to prevent water from seeping into the sand discharge in partially and fully penetrating wells is
aquifer in the vicinity of the well. The ditch is sited at given as below:
least 150 m downstream of the V-notch. For a 90°
V-notch, discharge = 2.56 H5/2 where H is the head of ÔÏ re ap Ô¸
water over the notch. Qp = Qf a Ì1 + 7( cos ˝ … (5)
ÔÓ 2ab 2 Ô˛
4.3.4.2 Trajectory method
where
The water emerging from a pipe flowing full will follow
the ideal parabolic curve for a considerable distance; Qp = constant rate of discharge for partially
hence the equation of a free jet may be used for penetrating well in l/min;
estimating the velocity at which water leaves the pipe Qf = constant rate of discharge for fully
by measuring the jet coordinates. If the outlet pipe is penetrating well in 1/min;
horizontal and referring to the mid-point of the outlet α = degree of partial penetration (that is ratio of
as the origin, then the velocity at any point on the jet is the length of the perforated section below
given by V0 = X g / 2( Z ) in which X and Z are the the initial water table to the full saturated
thickness of the unconfined aquifer);
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re = effective radius of the pumping well, in m expression is given in Fig. 11 for ease in calculation. It
(see Fig. 10); and may also be mentioned that the average drawdown in
b = full saturated thickness of the aquifer, in m. partially penetrating wells observed in observation
wells located at a distance greater than 1.5 times the
4.3.5.2 The discharge Q p observed in partially thickness of the aquifer is not effected by partial
penetrating well should be corrected to the discharge penetration, and analysis may be performed as for fully
Qf for fully penetrating well by the above relation and penetrating wells.
the same should be used for computation of coefficient
of transmissivity T. Graphical solution of Kozeny’s
Ratio of Flow from Partially Penetrating Well to that from Fully Penetrating Well
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e- u ˘
á 2 3
Qt Ê 250 r 2 S ˆ Ê 250 r 2 S ˆ
s= Ú u du ...(6) ˙
4ð T u 250 r 2 S ÁË Tt ˜¯ ÁË Tt ˜¯
˙
+ - + ˙
where Tt 2 ¥ 2! 3 ¥ 3!
˙
s = drawdown in observation hole, ˙˚
Qt = constant rate of discharge for fully If in a test Rf, S and T are constant, the equations: (8)
penetrating well, and (9) indicate that s is related to r2/t in a manner that
e = base of natural logarithms = 2.718, is similar to the relation of W (u) to u. Consequently, if
T = coefficient of transmissivity, values of drawdown s are plotted against r²/t on a
logarithmic paper to the same scale as W (u) versus u,
r2S called the type curve, the curve of the observed field
u = , data will be similar to the type curve. The plot of W (u)
4Tt
versus u (see Fig. 12) is simply a graphical solution of
r = distance of observation well from pumped equation (8) and is plotted for reference. The values of
well, W(u) for values of u from 10 -15 to 9.0 (as tabulated by
S = coefficient of storage, and Wenzel) are given in Table 2.
t = time since pumping started. 4.5.1.4 The graphical solution for T is as follows:
Expressing Qt in 1/min and T in l/day/m: a) Plot the type curve W (u) versus u, using log
±
paper as shown by continuous line in Fig. 12.
114.6 Qt e-u
s=
T Ú
u
u
du ….(7)
The values of W (u) are taken from Table 2.
b) Plot the field data s versus r2/t using log paper
where to the same scale as the type curve, shown by
circles in Fig. 12. (Either the type curve or
s = drawdown in the observation hole, in m; the field curve should be on transparent paper
u = 250 r2 S/Tt; for convenience in superimposing.)
t = time since pumping started in days; c) Superimpose the two curves (transparent
curve is kept at the top) shifting laterally and
r = distance of observation well from pumped
vertically but keeping the scale parallel to a
well, in m;
position which represents the best fit of the
S = coefficient of storage; and field data to the type curve.
T = coefficient of transmissivity in l/day/m. d) With both graph sheets at the best match
4.5.1.2 The integral of equation (7) is a function of the position, select an arbitrary point on the top
lower limit and is written as W (u), which is called well curve and mark on the lower curve.
14
15
FIG. 12 LOGARITHMIC GRAPH OF THE EXPONENTIAL INTEGRAL TYPE CURVE
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well on semi log coordinate paper as shown in Fig. 13. 4.5.3 Analysis by Recovery Data
From this curve make an arbitrary choice of r12/t1 and
4.5.3.1 If a well that has been pumping for definite period
r22/t2 and note the corresponding values of s1 and s2.
of time at a constant rate is shut down then recovery of
For convenience r12/t1 and r22/t2 and are chosen one
the water table takes place. The head distribution
log-cycle, apart, and then
thereafter is obtained by superimposing a recharge well
( )
log10 r1 t 2 / r2 t1 = 1
2 2 of the same strength as the discharge well, upon the
discharge well, to bring the net discharge to zero. The
residual drawdown s' (that is the difference at any time
264 Qf
or s2 - s1 = Äs = between the static level and the recovering water level)
T is the algebraic sum of the drawdown resulting from the
264 Qf start-up and the recovery resulting from the shutdown
or T =
Äs (assuming no leakage around the casing and neglecting
the volume of water that momentarily flows back into
where the well from the pump column).
s = drawdown difference per log cycle, in m. Thus
Numerical Example
2.30 Qf Ê 2.25 T t 2.25 T t' ˆ
log –log
4 ð T ÁË r 2 S ˜¯
Qf = 250 1/min s' =
r 2S
r = 48 m
264 Qf log10 ( t2 / t1 ) s' =
2.30 Qf
log t/t' …(13)
T = s2 - s1 4pT
where
264 ¥ 250 ¥ log10 (100 /10 )
or T = s' = residual drawdown,
26.8 – 12.2
or T = 4 520 1/day/m Qf = constant rate of discharge for fully
penetrating well,
FIG. 13 SEMI-LOG GRAPH OF PUMPING TEST DATA FOR APPLICATION OF MODIFIED THEIS F ORMULA
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5.4.1.1 The effective radius rw of the well is very small the observed residual drawdown, the volume of water
in comparison to the extent of the aquifer. As rw is small V considered to be the average quantity removed by
the exponential term in equation (16) approaches to the bailor in each cycle, and the summation of the
unity as t becomes larger. Therefore, for large values reciprocal of the elapsed time, in days, between the
of t, the equation becomes (symbols same as in 5.4.1): time each bailor of water removed from the well and
time of observation of residual drawdown.
V V
s' = =
4 ðTt 12.57 Tt 5.5 Observations
The observations of the test should be recorded suitably.
5.4.1.2 If the residual drawdown is observed at some
A recommended proforma for the record of results is
time after completion of n bailor cycles, then the
given in Annex E.
following expression applies:
6 LIMITATIONS OF PUMPING OUT TESTS
1 Ê V1 V2 V3 V ˆ
s' = Á + + + ... + n ˜
12.57 T Ë t1 t2 t3 tn ¯ 6.1 It is a very uneconomical and cumbersome
method.
where, the subscripts merely identify each cycle of 6.2 It does not give correct value of permeability for
events in sequence. Thus, V3 represents the volume of stratified foundations.
water removed during the third bailor cycle and t3 is
the elapsed time from the instant that water was 6.3 Correct value of permeability is obtained only when
removed from storage to the instant at which the the well has been pumped for quite a long time and no
observation of residual drawdown was made. sand is coming out of the pumped well.
5.4.1.3 If approximately the same volume of water V is 7 COMPUTATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF
removed by the bailor during each cycle the equation PERMEABILITY
becomes:
7.1 The coefficient of permeability K is computed from
1 Ê1 1 1 1ˆ the values of the coefficient of transmissivity by the
s' = + + + ... + ˜
12.57 T ÁË t1 t2 t3 tn ¯ relation given below:
K = T/b
V n=n 1
or T = Â
12.57s ' n =1 t n
expressing T in 1/day/m, b in m and K in m/day,
K = T/b × 10-3
where where
n = number of bailing cycles. K = coefficient of permeability in m/day;
5.4.1.4 Expressing V in litre, t in days, s' in m, then T is T = coefficient of transmissivity in l/day/m; and
expressed in 1/day/m. b = aquifer thickness in m.
5.4.2 The bailor method is applied to a single 7.2 The coefficient of permeability K may be expressed
observation of the residual drawdown after the time in cm/s by the relation given below:
since bailing stopped, becomes large. The
1 m/day = 1.157 × 10-3 cm/s
transmissivity is computed by substituting in equation,
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ANNEX A
(Clause 3.2.4)
PROFORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS OF TEST BY CONSTANT HEAD METHOD
1) Test No.:
2) Test location:
a) Elevation of ground:
b) Elevation of ground water table:
c) Elevation of the test section:
d) Diameter of test hole:
Sl Time Elevation of H for Test Below Water H for Test Above Water
No. min Water Level Table = Elevation of Water Table = Elevation of Water Level
in the Casing Level in the Casing – Elevation in the Casing — Elevation
of Ground Water Table of the Test Section
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) 05
ii) 10
iii) 15
iv) 20
v) 25
ANNEX B
(Clause 3.3.4)
PROFORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS OF TEST BY FALLING HEAD METHOD
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Sl No. Time, min Water Level in the Intake Pipe Height of Water Level at Time t, H-t = Water
Level in the Intake Pipe-Elevation of the
Ground Water Table
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i) 0
1
ii)
2
iii) 1
iv) 2
v) 5
vi) 10
vii) 15
viii) 30
ix) 60
NOTE — Observations should be stopped when water level in the intake pipe recedes to ground water table (or earlier).
ANNEX C
(Clause 3.4.5)
PROFORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS OF TEST BY SLUG METHOD
Before Starting Injection
Sl Time Existing Water Level
No. min
i) 0
ii) 2
iii) 5
Average (H1) =
Time at which injection started (t1) =
Time at which injection stopped (t2) =
t +t
Average = 1 2 =
2
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ANNEX D
(Clause 4.4)
PROFORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS OF PUMPING OUT TESTS
Date:
1) Test location:
2) Test hole No.:
a) Diameter of the well:
b) Level of water table:
c) Thickness of saturated strata below water table:
d) Penetration of the well:
e) Length of strainer the well:
f) Length of top blind pipe of the well:
g) Length of strata tested (RL to RL):
h) Ground level:
DRAWDOWN OBSERVATIONS
DISCHARGE OBSERVATIONS
(A) By Trajectory Method
Sl No. X Y V Amount of Seepage Qf
m1/min m1/min
22
IS 5529 (Part 1) : 2013
ANNEX E
(Clause 5.5)
PROFORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATIONS OF PUMPING
OUT TEST BY BAILOR METHOD
1) Test location: Date:
2) Test hole No.:
a) Diameter of wells:
b) Level of water table:
c) Thickness of saturated strata between water table:
d) Penetration of well:
e) Length of strainer of the well:
f) Length of top blind pipe of the well:
g) Length of strata tested (RL to RL):
h) Ground level:
j) Residual drawdown after n bailor cycles:
OBSERVATIONS OF RECOVERY
Sl No. Volume of Time Since Final Time After t = Final Time After Remarks
Water Bailor Completion of Completion of the
Bailed Out Removed, the Cycle, Cycle – Time Since
min min Bailor Removed, min
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
st
1 cycle
2nd cycle
3rd cycle
4th cycle
23
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: WRD 5 (450).