Gecart
Gecart
Gecart
1. Prehistoric times
• Prehistoric is the time before written records appeared.
• Art appeared to be one of the earliest activities as early as prehistoric period.
• Man, even before he knew how to read and write, was already an artist.
Classical Art
• Classical Art refers to the ancient art and architecture in Greece and Rome.
• It is also term for a long period of cultural history centered on the
Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece
and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.
• It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great
influence throughout Europe.
• The artists at this time attained a manner of representation that conveys a
vitality of life as well as a sense of permanence, clarity and harmony.
1.1 Greek Art
• Ancient Greeks became interested in a naturalism that is portraying the human
form in a realistic and anatomically correct manner.
• Greek sculptors developed mathematical systems for showing the human body in
correct proportions, and sculptors prided themselves on showing how the muscles
of the body appeared under the skin when the body was positioned asymmetrical
with weight shifted to one hip or the other (Harrison).
• In architecture, the Greeks developed three styles or orders of columns namely
Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
• These columns were used all over ancient Greece to support a building.
1.2 Roman Art
• About 2000 B.C., the Romans conquered the Greeks. During their conquered
of Greece, the Romans looted the towns and captured sculptors and brought
them to Rome as slaves.
• Greek artists relied upon to design and repair monumental buildings.
• The Romans greatly admired the art and architecture of Greece, as well as
many of their ideas.
• However, the Romans often used marble to create copies of sculptures that the
Greeks had originally made in bronze.
• Both the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans were humanists with
enormous respect for human beings, and what they could accomplish with their
minds and bodies.
• This frame of mind was reborn in the Renaissance period.
2. MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• Also known as Middle Age.
• The Medieval era is the period in European history that look place between 350
AD to 1450 AD.
• Medieval art is an account of history of an integration of technique between the
elements of classical, early Christian and “barbarian” that were produced in
different media and style.
• Art historians have difficulty in classifying medieval art into major periods and
styles.
• The general accepted scheme in this era is classified into (1) Early Christian; (2)
Byzantine; (3) Romanesque; and (4) Gothic. Each of this style was expressed
distinctly in different countries, and covers a vast scope of time and place.
• Islamic art was also developed in the Middle Ages in a form of illustrated
manuscript, textiles, ceramics, metalwork and glass.
• Muslim artists worked in the early formative stage of the period and then diverged
in a variety of styles depending on the region in which the artist worked.
2.1 Medieval Architecture
• Medieval Architecture is symbolic in nature, with little regard for the functional
design of other eras.
• It also has a great variety of buildings like synagogues, halls and barns that
testify to the diverse communities and interests in the western Europe during the
Middle ages.
• The most extra ordinary buildings during this period were the churches.
• Toward the end of the 11th century, a style of church building Romanesque was
prevalent.
• Beginning in the mid-12th century and becoming more and more popular in the
next few centuries was the Gothic style.
3. Illuminated manuscripts
• were religious texts embellished with rich colors which often featured the use of
gold and silver.
4. Ivory carving
• is the carving of ivory by using sharp cutting tools either mechanically or
manually.
5. Mosaic
• mosaic is the art of creating images with small pieces of colored glass, stone
or other material.
6. Sculpture
• Gothic sculpture evolved from the early stiff and elongated style of statues
used in Romanesque art.
7. Stained glass
• small pieces of glass arranged to form patterns or pictures which are held
together by strips of lea and supported by rigid frame.
8. Tapestry
• is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom with rich colored
designs or scenes usually hung on walls for decoration.
9. Fresco wall-paintings
• Fresco is a painting type which is executed in plaster on walls and ceilings.
• Frescoes are paintings made directly onto a wall or ceiling while the plaster is still
wet plaster and with this setting, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall.
10. Panel Painting
• a painting on a panel made of a single or several pieces of wood joined together.
• Panel painting was the normal form of support for painting until canvas became
popular in the 16th century.
3. RENAISSANCE
• Renaissance is a series of literary and cultural movement that began in Italy and
eventually expanded into Germany, France, England and other parts of Europe.
• It means ‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’ and a time of new discoveries in the fine arts, music,
literature, philosophy, science and technology, architecture, religion and
spirituality.