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9/16/2020

ABB Consultants Talks 2020 - LV Circuit breakers

Session 4: LV Protection Coordination, Selectivity and Backup techniques (Part 2)
Ashraf Abou-ElHoda, Product Marketing Director - Smart Power
Amr Younis, Technical and Design Promotion Manager
Mohamed Hesham, Technical and Design Promotion Specialist
Agenda

• Review of LV Protection Coordination, Selectivity and Backup techniques (Part 1)

• Circuit breakers optimum selection
• End branch/ Final branch panel
• Sub main Distribution board
• Main Distribution board

September 17,
Slide 2
2020
—
Review of LV Protection Coordination, Selectivity and
Backup techniques (Part 1)
Calculation of short-circuit current
IEC 60909 - Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems

Short circuit
Accidental or intentional conductive path between two or more
conductive parts (e.g. three phase short circuit) forcing the
electric potential differences between these conductive parts to
be equal or close to zero.

Another definition:
A short-circuit is a fault of negligible impedance between live
conductors having a difference in potential under normal
operating conditions.

September 17,
Slide 4
2020
—
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Main definitions

Standard definitions

IEC 60947-1
IEC 60947-1
“Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: General rules”

Over-current protective co-ordination of over-current protective devices (2.5.22)

co-ordination of two or more over-current protective devices in series to ensure overcurrent
discrimination (selectivity) and/or back-up protection
Over-current selectivity (2.5.23)
co-ordination of the operating characteristics of two or more over-current protective devices such that,
on the incidence of over-currents within stated limits, the device intended to operate within these limits
does so, while the other(s) does (do) not

September 17,
Slide 6
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Example

MCCB 250 A
XT4S 250

Ik = 45 kA

MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A

XT2S 160 XT2S 160 XT2S 160

September 17,
Slide 7
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Example

MCCB 250 A
XT4S 250

Ik = 45 kA

MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A

XT2S 160 XT2S 160 XT2S 160

September 17,
Slide 8
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Main definitions

Total selectivity Partial selectivity

Is is the ultimate
selectivity value!

September 17,
Slide 9
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Main definitions

Partial & Total selectivity

Example

Upstream circuit breaker A :

T4N 250 PR221DS In = 250 (Icu = 36kA)

Downstream circuit breaker B

S 294 C100 (Icu = 15kA)

September 17,
Slide 10
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Main definitions

Partial & Total selectivity

Example

Upstream circuit breaker A :

T4N 250 PR221DS In = 160 (Icu = 36kA)

Downstream circuit breaker B

S 294 C100 (Icu = 15kA)

September 17,
Slide 11
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity techniques

Overload zone Short-circuit zone

September 17,
Slide 12
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity techniques

Time-current selectivity
In general, the protections against overload have a
definite time characteristic, whether they are
made by means of a thermal release or by means
of function L of an electronic release.

When the trip times of the two circuit-breakers are

analyzed, it is necessary to consider:
1. the tolerances over the thresholds and trip
times
2. the real currents circulating in the circuit-
breakers.

September 17,
Slide 13
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity techniques

Current selectivity
This type of selectivity is based on the observation
that the closer the fault point is to the power
supply of the installation, the higher the short-
circuit current is. It is therefore possible to
discriminate the zone the fault occurred in by
setting the instantaneous protections to different
current values.

The ultimate selectivity current is usually low and

therefore selectivity is often only partial.

September 17,
Slide 14
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity techniques

Time selectivity

Time selectivity is based on a trip delay of the

upstream circuit breaker, so to let to the
downstream protection the time suitable to trip
 Setting strategy:
Progressively increase the trip delays getting
closer to the power supply source

 On the supply side:

The S function is required

September 17,
Slide 15
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity techniques

Energy selectivity

Energy selectivity is based on

the current-limiting
characteristics of some circuit
breakers
Current-limiting circuit breaker
has an extremely fast trip time,
short enough to prevent the
current from reaching its peak
The ultimate current selectivity
values are given by the
manufacturer (Coordination
tables)

September 17,
Slide 16
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity techniques

Zone selectivity
Zone selectivity is an evolution of the time
selectivity, obtained by means of a electrical
interlock between devices

The circuit breaker which detects a fault

communicates this to the one on the supply side,
sending a locking signal

Only the downstream circuit breaker opens, with

no need to increase the intentional time delay

September 17,
Slide 18
2020
LV CBs Selectivity / Discrimination
Selectivity tools

SOC – SELECTED OPTIMIZED

COORDINATION Curves module DOC Coordination tables

September 17,
Slide 19
2020
—
LV CBs Back-up Protection
LV CBs Back-up Protection
Main definitions

Standard definitions

IEC 60947-2
“Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 2: Circuit-breakers”. IEC 60947-2

The back-up protection is an “over-current coordination of two over-current protective devices in series
where the protective device, generally but not necessarily on the supply side, effects the over-current
protection with or without the assistance of the other protective device and prevents any excessive
stress on the latter” (IEC 60947-1, def. 2.5.24).
Besides, IEC 60364-4-43, 434.5.1 states: “… A lower breaking capacity is admitted if another protective
device having the necessary breaking capacity is installed on the supply side. In that case, characteristics
of the devices, must be co-ordinated so that the energy let through by these two devices does not exceed
that which can be withstood without damage by the device on the load side and the conductors
protected by these devices.”

September 17,
Slide 21
2020
LV CBs Back-up Protection
Example

A. Without back-up protection (Select suitable breakers)

MCCB 250 A
XT4S 250

Ik = 45 kA

MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A

XT2S 160 XT2S 160 XT2S 160

September 17,
Slide 22
2020
LV CBs Back-up Protection
3. Example
A. Without back-up protection (check selectivity)

MCCB 250 A
XT4S 250

Ik = 45 kA

MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A

XT2S 160 XT2S 160 XT2S 160

September 17,
Slide 23
2020
LV CBs Back-up Protection
3. Example
A. With back-up protection (Select suitable breakers)

MCCB 250 A
XT4S 250

Ik = 45 kA

MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A MCCB 160 A

XT2N 160 XT2N 160 XT2N 160

September 17,
Slide 24
2020
LV CBs Back-up Protection
4. Back-up tools

SOC – SELECTED OPTIMIZED

COORDINATION DOC Coordination tables

September 17,
Slide 25
2020
—
Circuit breakers optimum selection
Circuit breaker selection
100A Circuit breaker example

What if I need to specify 3P 100A circuit breaker, with 36KA Short Circuit capacity

Possible breakers are

S803N-C100 (2800EGP)

A1N 125 TMF 100-1000 3p (1900EGP)

XT1N 160 TMD 100-1000 3p (2300EGP)

XT2N 160 TMA 100-1000 3p (3750EGP)

XT2N 160 Ekip LS/I In=100A 3p (5650EGP)

September 17,
Slide 27
2020
Circuit breaker definition
100A Circuit breaker example

A1N 125 TMF 100- XT1N 160 TMD 100- XT2N 160 TMA 100- XT2N 160 Ekip LS/I
Type S803N-C100
1000 3p 1000 3p 1000 3p In=100A 3p
Public Price 2800EGP 1900EGP 2300EGP 3750EGP 5650EGP
Type MCB MCCB MCCB MCCB MCCB
Trip Unit TM- Curve C TMF TMD TMA Electronic EKIP
Thermal Adjust. Fixed Fixed Adjustable (0.7-1)In Adjustable (0.7-1)In Adjustable (0.4-1)In

Mag. Adjust. Fixed Fixed Fixed Adjustable (5-10)In Adjustable (1-10)In

Icu (KA) 36KA 36KA 36KA 36KA 36KA

Ics (%) 75% (83%) 50% 100% 100% 100%
Dimensions
81x82.5x95 76.2x60x130 76.2x70x130 90x82.5x130 90x82.5x130
(WxDxH) mm
Weight (gm) 735 803 1076 1575 1620
Elec durability 6000 1500 8000 8000 8000
Mech durability 10000 8500 25000 25000 25000

September 17,
Slide 28
2020
—
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

September 17,
Slide 30
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

40A/MCCB

10KA

10A/MCB 10A/MCB 16A/MCB 16A/MCB

September 17,
Slide 31
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

S203-C40

Without applying
coordination

10KA

S201-C10 S201-C10 S201-C16 S201-C16

September 17,
Slide 32
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

A1A 125 TMF 40-400 3p

Without applying
coordination

10KA

S201-C10 S201-C10 S201-C16 S201-C16

September 17,
Slide 33
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

40A/MCCB

11.2KA

10A/MCB 10A/MCB 16A/MCB 16A/MCB

September 17,
Slide 34
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

S203M-C40

Without applying
coordination
(Using MCB incoming)
11.2 KA

S201M-C10 S201M-C10 S201M-C16 S201M-C16

September 17,
Slide 35
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

S203M-C40

Applying Backup
coordination
(Using MCB incoming)
11.2 KA

S201-C10 S201-C10 S201-C16 S201-C16

September 17,
Slide 36
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

September 17,
Slide 37
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

A1B 125 TMF 40-400 3p

Without applying
coordination

11.2 KA

S201M-C10 S201M-C10 S201M-C16 S201M-C16

September 17,
Slide 38
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

A1B 125 TMF 40-400 3p

Applying
Backup coordination
11.2 KA

S201-C10 S201-C10 S201-C16 S201-C16

September 17,
Slide 39
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

September 17,
Slide 40
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

XT1B 160 TMD 100-1000

Applying selectivity
Thermo-magnetic trip
unit
11.2 KA

S201M-C10 S201M-C10 S201M-C16 S201M-C16

September 17,
Slide 41
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

September 17,
Slide 42
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

XT2N 160 EKIP LS/I R64

Applying selectivity
Electronic trip unit

11.2 KA

S201M-C10 S201M-C10 S201M-C16 S201M-C16

September 17,
Slide 43
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

September 17,
Slide 44
2020
Circuit breakers selection
End branch/ Final branch panel

September 17,
Slide 45
2020
—
Circuit breakers selection
Sub main Distribution board
Circuit breakers selection
Sub main Distribution board

400A/MCCB

30KA

80A/MCCB 100A/MCCB 160A/MCCB 250A/MCCB

September 17,
Slide 47
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Sub main Distribution board

T5N 400 PR221DS-LS/I In=400 3p

Without selectivity

30KA

XT2N 160 TMA XT2N 160 TMA XT2N 160 Ekip XT4N 250 Ekip
80-800 3p 100-1000 3p LS/I In=160A 3p LS/I In=250A

September 17,
Slide 48
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Sub main Distribution board

September 17,
Slide 49
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Sub main Distribution board

T5N 630 PR221DS-LS/I In=630 3p

Selectivity is applied!

30KA

XT2N 160 TMA XT2N 160 TMA XT2N 160 Ekip XT4N 250 Ekip
80-800 3p 100-1000 3p LS/I In=160A 3p LS/I In=250A

September 17,
Slide 50
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Sub main Distribution board

September 17,
Slide 51
2020
—
Protection Coordination
Important notes
Protection Coordination
Important tips

Tips for selectivity (Protection coordination)

Selectivity (protection coordination in general) is considered separately for each panel

Selectivity is not applicable for single outgoing panel
Selectivity is not done on the same feeder (two breakers at the start and end of the same cable)
Upstream and Downstream CB shall have min capacity equal to panel S.C. as a min to achieve selectivity
When selectivity is not achieved, change the upstream feeder and not the downstream. If not done, you will repeat this step with each
outgoing
When performing selectivity, check with the largest outgoing (downstream) CB, and selectivity will be done automatically for all adjacent
outgoing feeders
Combination between upstream and downstream breaking capacities are considered for backup (not each separate CB S.C. capacity)
Main circuit breaker can be changed into switch disconnector as a value engineering point. Coordination with upstream breaker need to
be checked (Coordination between Switch and CB shall be considered)

September 17,
Slide 53
2020
Low voltage selectivity
Other devices coordination (Switch and Breaker)

September 17,
Slide 54
2020
—
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board

2500A/ACB

45KA

1600A/ACB 1000A/MCCB 630A/MCCB 400A/MCCB

September 17,
Slide 56
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board
Time-Current curve LLL-LL @400V
I>=66.00kA -> no discr.

1000s

E2.2N 2500 Ekip Touch LSI 2500

E1.2N 1600 Ekip Touch LI 1600
100s

If two ACB’s are

coordinated, upstream is 10s

recommended to be LSI to
reduce stresses on the 1s

system at S.C. conditions

100ms

10ms

100mA 1A 10A 100A 1kA 10kA 100kA 1MA

September 17,
Slide 57
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board
Time-Current curve LLL-LL @400V
I>=66.00kA -> no discr.

1000s

E2.2N 2500 Ekip Touch LSI 2500

E1.2N 1600 Ekip Touch LI 1600
100s

10s

1s

100ms

10ms

100mA 1A 10A 100A 1kA 10kA 100kA 1MA

September 17,
Slide 58
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board

T7 with PR231/P can be used

Special trip units PR232/P, PR331/P and PR332/P are used only for MCCB coordination

September 17,
Slide 59
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board
Time-Current curve LLL-LL @400V
I>=50.00kA -> no discr.

1000s

E2.2N 2500 Ekip Touch LSI 2500

100s

T7S 1000 PR231-LS/I 1000A M

10s

1s

100ms

10ms

100mA 1A 10A 100A 1kA 10kA 100kA 1MA

September 17,
Slide 60
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board
Time-Current curve LLL-LL @400V
I>=50.00kA -> no discr.

1000s

E2.2N 2500 Ekip Touch LSI 2500

100s

T7S 1600 PR231-LS/I 1600A M

10s

1s

100ms

10ms

100mA 1A 10A 100A 1kA 10kA 100kA 1MA

September 17,
Slide 61
2020
Circuit breakers selection
Main Distribution board

September 17,
Slide 62
2020