Matrices [351 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 4] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.2

[4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

2p
2
+ 12p = 14 (M1)(A1)

2
p + 6p − 7 = 0

(p + 7) (p − 1) = 0 (A1)

p = −7 or p = 1 (A1) (C4)

Note: Both answers are required for the final (A1).

[4 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 4] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.3
[4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

B = (BA) A
−1
(M1)

11 2 0 −2
= −
1

4
( )( ) (M1)
44 8 −2 5

−4 −12
= −
1

4
( ) (A1)
−16 −48

1 3
= ( ) (A1)
4 12

OR

a b 5 2 11 2
( )( ) = ( ) (M1)
c d 2 0 44 8

5a + 2b = 11
⇒ }
2a = 2

⇒ a = 1 , b = 3 (A1)

5c + 2d = 44
}
2c = 8

⇒ c = 4 , d = 12 (A1)

1 3
B = ( ) (A1) (C4)
4 12

Note: Correct solution with inversion (ie AB instead of BA) earns FT marks,
(maximum [3 marks]).
 [4 marks]

3. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.28

[6]

Markscheme

finding det A = e x
− e
−x
(2 + e )
x
or equivalent A1

A is singular ⇒ det A = 0 (R1)

x −x x
e − e (2 + e ) = 0

e
2x
− e
x
− 2 = 0 A1

solving for e x
(M1)

e
x
> 0 (or equivalent explanation) (R1)

x
e = 2

x = ln 2 (only) A1 N0

[6 marks]

4. [Maximum mark: 2] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.31

[2]

Markscheme

det A = −2 A2

[2 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.32
[5]

Markscheme

1 2 1 2
A2 = ( )( ) M1
k −1 k −1

1 + 2k 0
= ( ) A2
0 2k + 1

Note: Award A2 for 4 correct, A1 for 2 or 3 correct.

1 + 2k = 0 M1

k = −
1

2
A1

[5 marks]

6. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.33

[5]

Markscheme

2 −1 2 −1 7 −6
M2 = ( )( ) = ( ) M1A1
−3 4 −3 4 −18 19

7 −6 12 −6
⇒ ( ) − ( ) + kI = 0 (M1)
−18 19 −18 24

−5 0
⇒ ( ) + kI = 0 (A1)
0 −5

⇒k= 5 A1

[5 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.34
[6]

Markscheme

For multiplying (I – X)(I + X + X2) M1

= I2 + IX + IX2 – XI – X2 – X3 = I + X + X2 – X – X2 – X3 (A1)(A1)

= I – X3 A1

=I A1

AB = I ⇒ A–1 = B (R1)

(I – X) (I + X + X2) = I ⇒ (I – X)–1 = I + X + X2 AG N0

[5 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 3] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.44
[3]

Markscheme

∣k − 4 3 ∣
∣ ∣ = 0
∣ −2 k + 1∣

⇒ (k − 4) (k + 1) + 6 = 0 (M1)

⇒ k
2
− 3k + 2 = 0 (M1)

⇒ (k − 2) (k − 1) = 0

⇒ k = 2 or k = 1 (A1) (C3)

[3 marks]

9. [Maximum mark: 3] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.46

[3]

Markscheme

x 4 2 y 2x + 32 xy + 16
AB = ( )( ) = ( ) (A1)
4 2 8 4 24 4y + 8

2 y x 4 2x + 4y 2y + 8
BA = ( )( ) = ( ) (A1)
8 4 4 2 8x + 16 40

AB = BA ⇒ 8x + 16 = 24 and 4y + 8 = 40

This gives x = 1 and y = 8 . (A1) (C3)

[3 marks]
10. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.48
[6]

Markscheme

AA–1XB = ΑC (M1)(A1)

IXBB–1 = ACB–1 (M1)(A1)

X = ACB–1 (M1)(A1) (C6)

[6 marks]

11. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.49

[6]

Markscheme

For multiplying (I – X)(I + X + X2) M1

= I2 + IX + IX2 – XI – X2 – X3 = I + X + X2 – X – X2 – X3 (A1)(A1)

= I – X3 A1

=I A1

AB = I ⇒ A–1 = B (R1)

(I – X)(I + X + X2) = I ⇒ (I – X)–1 = I + X + X2 AG N0

[6 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.50
[6]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2 3 4 −9 −2 12
A – AB = ( ) − ( ) = ( ) (M1)(A1)
1 −2 2 6 −1 −8

−2 12
X = B–1(A – AB) = B–1 ( ) (M1)
−1 −8

−3 0 −2 12
= −
1

6
( )( ) (A1)
0 2 −1 −8

−1 6
= (
1 8
) (A2) (C6)
3 3

METHOD 2

Attempting to set up a matrix equation (M2)

X = B–1(A – AB) (A2)

−1 6
= (
1 8
) (from GDC) (A2) (C6)
3 3

[6 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.29
(a) [2]

Markscheme

finding det M = a
2
+ b
2
A1

a
2
+ b
2
> 0 , therefore M is non-singular or equivalent statement R1

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

2 2
a b a b a − b 2ab
M2 =( )( ) = (
2 2
) M1A1
−b a −b a −2ab a − b

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

det(M2) = (a
2 2
− b ) (a
2 2
− b ) + (2ab) (2ab) A1

det(M2) =
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
(a − b ) + (2ab) (= (a + b ) )

since the first term is non-negative and the second is positive R1

therefore det(M2) > 0

Note: Do not penalise first term stated as positive.

OR
det(M2) = (det M)2 A1

since det M is positive so too is det (M2) R1

[2 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.30
(a) [1]

Markscheme

a = 16 A1

[1 mark]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

1 2 −1
⎛ ⎞
A–1 = 1

16
⎜3 −1 0 ⎟ (M1)A1
⎝ ⎠
0 3 1

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

AX = C ⇒ X = A–1C (M1)

1 2 −1 8
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
1
= ⎜3 −1 0 ⎟⎜ 0 ⎟
16
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
0 3 1 −4

12 0.75
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
=
1

16
⎜ 24 ⎟ ⎜= ⎜ 1.5 ⎟⎟ A1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
−4 −0.25

[2 marks]
15. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.35
(a) [2]

Markscheme

0.1 0.4 0.1

⎛ ⎞
A–1 = ⎜ −0.7 0.2 0.3 ⎟ A2 N2
⎝ ⎠
−1.2 0.2 0.8

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

x 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
For attempting to calculate ⎜ y ⎟ = A−1
⎜2⎟ M1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z 3

x = 1.2, y = 0.6, z = 1.6 (so the point is (1.2, 0.6, 1.6)) A2 N2

[3 marks]

(c) [1]

Markscheme

(1.2, 0.6, 1.6) lies on x + y + z = d

∴ d = 3.4 A1 N1

[1 mark]
16. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.4
(a) [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

det A = 5(1) − 7(−2) = 19

1 2
1 2
A–1 = 1

19
( ) = (
19

−7
19
) (A2)
5
−7 5
19 19

1 2
Note: Award (A1) for ( ) , (A1) for dividing by 19.
−7 5

OR

0.0526 0.105
A–1 = ( ) (G2)
−0.368 0.263

[2 marks]

(b.i) [2]

Markscheme

XA + B = C ⇒ XA = C – Β (M1)

X = (C – Β)Α–1 (A1)

OR

X = (C – B)A–1 (A2)

[2 marks]

(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme

1 2
−11 −7
Β)Α–1 (A1)
19 19
(C – =( )(
−7 5
)
−13 9
19 19

38 −57
2 −3
⇒X = ( 19 19
) = ( ) (A1)
−76 19
−4 1
19 19

OR

2 −3
X=( ) (G2)
−4 1

Note: If premultiplication by A –1 is used, award (M1)(M0) in part (i) but award

−37 11

(A2) for ( 19 19

94
) in part (ii).
12

19 19

[2 marks]
17. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.45
(a) [2]

Markscheme

Since det A ≠ 0, A–1 exists. (M1)

Hence AB = C ⇒ B = A–1C (C1)

[2 marks]

(b.i) [1]

Markscheme

1 0 0
⎛ ⎞
DA = ⎜ 0 1 0⎟ (A1)
⎝ ⎠
0 0 1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) [2]

Markscheme

B = A–1C = DC (M1)

1
⎛ ⎞
= ⎜ −1 ⎟ (A1)
⎝ ⎠
2

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme
 x + 2y + 3z = 5

The system of equations is 2x − y + 2z = 7

3x − 3y + 2z = 10

x
⎛ ⎞
or A⎜ y ⎟ = C (M1)
⎝ ⎠
z

The required point = (1, –1, 2). (A1)

[2 marks]

18. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.52

(a) [2]

Markscheme

−1
1 2 1 2 −7 3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜1 1 2⎟ = ⎜ 0 2 −1 ⎟ A2 N2
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 1 4 −1 3 −1

[2 marks]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

In matrix form Ax = B or x = A−1 B M1

,
x = 2 y = −3 z = 4 , A1A1A1 N0

[4 marks]
19. [Maximum mark: 4] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.43
(a) [2]

Markscheme

AB = I

(AB)11 = 1 ⇒ a – 12 + 6 = 1, giving a = 7 (A1) (C1)

(AB)22 = 1 ⇒ –16 + 5b + 7 = 1, giving b = 2 (A1) (C1)

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

5 x
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
the system is BX = ⎜0⎟ where X = ⎜y ⎟ .
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
6 z

5 7 −4 −6 5
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
Then, X = A ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ −8 5 7 ⎟⎜0⎟. (M1)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
6 −5 3 4 6

Thus x ,
= −1 y = 2 z = −1 , (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]
20. [Maximum mark: 9] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.6
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

−4 8 5 2
3Q = ( ) − ( ) (A1)
2 14 −1 a

−9 6
3Q = ( ) (A1)
3 14 − a

−3 2
Q=( 14−a
) (A1) (N3)
1
3

[3 marks]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

−2 4 5 2
CD = ( )( )
1 7 −1 a

−14 −4 + 4a
= ( ) (A1)(A1)(A1)(A1) (N4)
−2 2 + 7a

[4 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

det D = 5a + 2 (may be implied) (A1)

 a −2
D–1 = 1

5a+2
( ) (A1) (N2)
1 5

[2 marks]
21. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.7
(a.i) [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

a =5 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) [2]

Markscheme

b +9=4 (M1)

b = −5 A1 N2

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Comparing elements 3(2) − 5(q) = −9 M1

q =3 A2 N2

[3 marks]
22. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.9
(a.i) [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

a =4 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) [1]

Markscheme

b =7 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(b) [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

x 7
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
A⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z −12

OR

1 2 0 x 7
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜ −3 1 −1 ⎟ ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 −2 1 z −12
 [1 mark]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

x 7
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜y ⎟ = A−1 ⎜ 10 ⎟ (accept algebraic method) (M1)

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z −12

x −3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜y ⎟ = ⎜ 5 ⎟ (accept x = −3, y = 5, z = 4) A2 N3
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z 4

[3 marks]
23. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.8
(a) [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

1 2 1
− −
⎛ 3 3 3 ⎞ −0.333 0.667 −0.333
⎛ ⎞
A−1 = ⎜ −
⎜
1 5
−
7 ⎟
⎟ or ⎜ −0.333 1.67 −2.33 ⎟ A2 N2
⎜ 3 3 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎝ 2 4 5
⎠ 0.667 −1.33 1.67
−
3 3 3

[2 marks]

(b.i) [1]

Markscheme

X = A−1B A1 N1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) [3]

Markscheme

5
⎛ ⎞
X= ⎜2⎟ A3 N3
⎝ ⎠
3

[3 marks]
24. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.10
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

6 4
2A = ( ) (A1)
2k 8

4 2
2A − B = ( ) A2 N3
2k − 1 5

[3 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Evidence of using the definition of determinant (M1)

Correct substitution (A1)

eg 4(5) − 2(2k − 1), 20 − 2(2k − 1), 20 − 4k + 2

det (2A − B) = 22 − 4k A1 N3

[3 marks]
25. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.22
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

Attempting to multiply matrices (M1)

3
⎛ ⎞ 2 2
1 x −1 3 + x − 2 1 + x
( )⎜x⎟ = ( ) (= ( )) A1A1 N3
3 1 4 ⎝ ⎠ 9 + x + 8 17 + x
2

[3 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Setting up equation M1

2 2
1 + x 20 2 + 2x 20
eg 2( ) = ( ) , ( ) = ( ) ,
17 + x 28 34 + 2x 28
2
1 + x 10
( ) = ( )
17 + x 14

2 2
2 + 2x = 20 1 + x = 10
( ) (A1)
34 + 2x = 28 17 + x = 14

x = −3 A1 N2

[3 marks]
26. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.11
(a) [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

evidence of addition (M1)

eg at least two correct elements

4 2
A+ B= ( ) A1 N2
1 0

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

evidence of multiplication (M1)

eg at least two correct elements

−3 −6
−3A = ( ) A1 N2
−9 3

[2 marks]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

evidence of matrix multiplication (in correct order) (M1)

1 (3) + 2 (−2) 1 (0) + 2 (1)

eg AB = ( )
3 (3) + (−1) (−2) 3 (0) + (−1) (1)
 −1 2
AB = ( ) A2 N3
11 −1

[3 marks]
27. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.16
(a) [4]

Markscheme

1 a 1 b 1 + 2a b + 3a
( )( ) = ( )
2 3 2 3 8 2b + 9

1 b 1 a 1 + 2b a + 3b
( )( ) = ( ) M1A1
2 3 2 3 8 2a + 9

So require a = b M1A1

[4 marks]

(b.i) [2]

Markscheme

∣1 a∣
∣ ∣ = 3 − 2a = −1 ⇒ a = 2 M1A1
∣2 3∣

[2 marks]

(b.ii) [1]

Markscheme

−1
1 2 −3 2
( ) = ( ) A1
2 3 2 −1

[1 mark]
28. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.25
(a) [2]

Markscheme

2a −2
A2 = ( ) (M1)A1
−a 2a + 1

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

det A2 = 4a 2
+ 2a − 2a = 4a
2
M1

a = ±2 A1A1 N2

METHOD 2

det A = −2a M1

det A = ±4

a = ±2 A1A1 N2

[3 marks]
29. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.26
(a) [2]

Markscheme

1 3 3 −2 18 −14
BA = (( )( )) = ( ) A2
2 −2 5 −4 −4 4

Note: Award A1 for one error, A0 for two or more errors.

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

det(BA) = (72 – 56) = 16 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

A(A–1B + 2A–1)A = BA + 2A (M1)A1

24 −18
= ( ) A1
6 −4

OR

−4 2
A–1 = −
1

2
( ) (A1)
−5 3

an attempt to evaluate (M1)

 0 −16 −4 2
A–1B + 2A–1 = −
1

2
( ) − ( )
1 −21 −5 3

3 −2 4 6 3 −2
A(A–1B + 2A–1)A = ( )( )( )
5 −4 4.5 7.5 5 −4

3 3 3 −2 24 −18
= ( )( ) = ( ) A1
2 0 5 −4 6 −4

[3 marks]
30. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.27
(a) [2]

Markscheme

(A + B)2 = A2 + AB + BA + B2 A2

Note: Award A1 in parts (a) to (c) if error is correctly identified, but not
corrected.

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

(A – kI)3 = A 3 – 3kA2 + 3k2A – k3I A2

Note: Award A1 in parts (a) to (c) if error is correctly identified, but not
corrected.

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

CA = B ⇒ C = BA–1 A2

Note: Award A1 in parts (a) to (c) if error is correctly identified, but not
corrected.

[2 marks]
31. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.54
(a) [2]

Markscheme

Attempting to find det A (M1)

det A = k
2
+ 2k − 1 A1 N2

[2 marks]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

System has a unique solution provided det A ≠ 0 (R1)

k
2
+ 2k − 1 ≠ 0 (A1)

Solving k 2
+ 2k − 1 ≠ 0 or equivalent for k M1

k ∈ R \ {−1 ± √ 2} (accept k ≠ −1 ± √ 2, k ≠ −2.41, 0.414)

A1 N3

[4 marks]
32. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.4
(a) [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

det A = 5(1) − 7(−2) = 19

1 2
1 2
A–1 = 1

19
( ) = (
19

−7
19
) (A2)
5
−7 5
19 19

1 2
Note: Award (A1) for ( ) , (A1) for dividing by 19.
−7 5

OR

0.0526 0.105
A–1 = ( ) (G2)
−0.368 0.263

[2 marks]

(b.i) [2]

Markscheme

XA + B = C ⇒ XA = C – Β (M1)

X = (C – Β)Α–1 (A1)

OR

X = (C – B)A–1 (A2)

[2 marks]

(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme

1 2
−11 −7
Β)Α–1 (A1)
19 19
(C – =( )(
−7 5
)
−13 9
19 19

38 −57
2 −3
⇒X = ( 19 19
) = ( ) (A1)
−76 19
−4 1
19 19

OR

2 −3
X=( ) (G2)
−4 1

Note: If premultiplication by A –1 is used, award (M1)(M0) in part (i) but award

−37 11

(A2) for ( 19 19

94
) in part (ii).
12

19 19

[2 marks]
33. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.11
(a) [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

evidence of addition (M1)

eg at least two correct elements

4 2
A+ B= ( ) A1 N2
1 0

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

evidence of multiplication (M1)

eg at least two correct elements

−3 −6
−3A = ( ) A1 N2
−9 3

[2 marks]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

evidence of matrix multiplication (in correct order) (M1)

1 (3) + 2 (−2) 1 (0) + 2 (1)

eg AB = ( )
3 (3) + (−1) (−2) 3 (0) + (−1) (1)
 −1 2
AB = ( ) A2 N3
11 −1

[3 marks]
34. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.16
(a) [4]

Markscheme

1 a 1 b 1 + 2a b + 3a
( )( ) = ( )
2 3 2 3 8 2b + 9

1 b 1 a 1 + 2b a + 3b
( )( ) = ( ) M1A1
2 3 2 3 8 2a + 9

So require a = b M1A1

[4 marks]

(b.i) [2]

Markscheme

∣1 a∣
∣ ∣ = 3 − 2a = −1 ⇒ a = 2 M1A1
∣2 3∣

[2 marks]

(b.ii) [1]

Markscheme

−1
1 2 −3 2
( ) = ( ) A1
2 3 2 −1

[1 mark]
35. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.25
(a) [2]

Markscheme

2a −2
A2 = ( ) (M1)A1
−a 2a + 1

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

det A2 = 4a 2
+ 2a − 2a = 4a
2
M1

a = ±2 A1A1 N2

METHOD 2

det A = −2a M1

det A = ±4

a = ±2 A1A1 N2

[3 marks]
36. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.26
(a) [2]

Markscheme

1 3 3 −2 18 −14
BA = (( )( )) = ( ) A2
2 −2 5 −4 −4 4

Note: Award A1 for one error, A0 for two or more errors.

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

det(BA) = (72 – 56) = 16 (M1)A1

[2 marks]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

A(A–1B + 2A–1)A = BA + 2A (M1)A1

24 −18
= ( ) A1
6 −4

OR

−4 2
A–1 = −
1

2
( ) (A1)
−5 3

an attempt to evaluate (M1)

 0 −16 −4 2
A–1B + 2A–1 = −
1

2
( ) − ( )
1 −21 −5 3

3 −2 4 6 3 −2
A(A–1B + 2A–1)A = ( )( )( )
5 −4 4.5 7.5 5 −4

3 3 3 −2 24 −18
= ( )( ) = ( ) A1
2 0 5 −4 6 −4

[3 marks]
37. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.27
(a) [2]

Markscheme

(A + B)2 = A2 + AB + BA + B2 A2

Note: Award A1 in parts (a) to (c) if error is correctly identified, but not
corrected.

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

(A – kI)3 = A 3 – 3kA2 + 3k2A – k3I A2

Note: Award A1 in parts (a) to (c) if error is correctly identified, but not
corrected.

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

CA = B ⇒ C = BA–1 A2

Note: Award A1 in parts (a) to (c) if error is correctly identified, but not
corrected.

[2 marks]
38. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.29
(a) [2]

Markscheme

finding det M = a
2
+ b
2
A1

a
2
+ b
2
> 0 , therefore M is non-singular or equivalent statement R1

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

2 2
a b a b a − b 2ab
M2 =( )( ) = (
2 2
) M1A1
−b a −b a −2ab a − b

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

det(M2) = (a
2 2
− b ) (a
2 2
− b ) + (2ab) (2ab) A1

det(M2) =
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
(a − b ) + (2ab) (= (a + b ) )

since the first term is non-negative and the second is positive R1

therefore det(M2) > 0

Note: Do not penalise first term stated as positive.

OR
det(M2) = (det M)2 A1

since det M is positive so too is det (M2) R1

[2 marks]
39. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.30
(a) [1]

Markscheme

a = 16 A1

[1 mark]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

1 2 −1
⎛ ⎞
A–1 = 1

16
⎜3 −1 0 ⎟ (M1)A1
⎝ ⎠
0 3 1

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

AX = C ⇒ X = A–1C (M1)

1 2 −1 8
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
1
= ⎜3 −1 0 ⎟⎜ 0 ⎟
16
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
0 3 1 −4

12 0.75
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
=
1

16
⎜ 24 ⎟ ⎜= ⎜ 1.5 ⎟⎟ A1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
−4 −0.25

[2 marks]
40. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.35
(a) [2]

Markscheme

0.1 0.4 0.1

⎛ ⎞
A–1 = ⎜ −0.7 0.2 0.3 ⎟ A2 N2
⎝ ⎠
−1.2 0.2 0.8

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

x 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
For attempting to calculate ⎜ y ⎟ = A−1
⎜2⎟ M1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z 3

x = 1.2, y = 0.6, z = 1.6 (so the point is (1.2, 0.6, 1.6)) A2 N2

[3 marks]

(c) [1]

Markscheme

(1.2, 0.6, 1.6) lies on x + y + z = d

∴ d = 3.4 A1 N1

[1 mark]
41. [Maximum mark: 4] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.43
(a) [2]

Markscheme

AB = I

(AB)11 = 1 ⇒ a – 12 + 6 = 1, giving a = 7 (A1) (C1)

(AB)22 = 1 ⇒ –16 + 5b + 7 = 1, giving b = 2 (A1) (C1)

[2 marks]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

5 x
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
the system is BX = ⎜0⎟ where X = ⎜y ⎟ .
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
6 z

5 7 −4 −6 5
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
Then, X = A ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ −8 5 7 ⎟⎜0⎟. (M1)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
6 −5 3 4 6

Thus x ,
= −1 y = 2 z = −1 , (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]
42. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.45
(a) [2]

Markscheme

Since det A ≠ 0, A–1 exists. (M1)

Hence AB = C ⇒ B = A–1C (C1)

[2 marks]

(b.i) [1]

Markscheme

1 0 0
⎛ ⎞
DA = ⎜ 0 1 0⎟ (A1)
⎝ ⎠
0 0 1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) [2]

Markscheme

B = A–1C = DC (M1)

1
⎛ ⎞
= ⎜ −1 ⎟ (A1)
⎝ ⎠
2

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme
 x + 2y + 3z = 5

The system of equations is 2x − y + 2z = 7

3x − 3y + 2z = 10

x
⎛ ⎞
or A⎜ y ⎟ = C (M1)
⎝ ⎠
z

The required point = (1, –1, 2). (A1)

[2 marks]

43. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.52

(a) [2]

Markscheme

−1
1 2 1 2 −7 3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜1 1 2⎟ = ⎜ 0 2 −1 ⎟ A2 N2
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 1 4 −1 3 −1

[2 marks]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

In matrix form Ax = B or x = A−1 B M1

,
x = 2 y = −3 z = 4 , A1A1A1 N0

[4 marks]
44. [Maximum mark: 9] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.6
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

−4 8 5 2
3Q = ( ) − ( ) (A1)
2 14 −1 a

−9 6
3Q = ( ) (A1)
3 14 − a

−3 2
Q=( 14−a
) (A1) (N3)
1
3

[3 marks]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

−2 4 5 2
CD = ( )( )
1 7 −1 a

−14 −4 + 4a
= ( ) (A1)(A1)(A1)(A1) (N4)
−2 2 + 7a

[4 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

det D = 5a + 2 (may be implied) (A1)

 a −2
D–1 = 1

5a+2
( ) (A1) (N2)
1 5

[2 marks]
45. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.7
(a.i) [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

a =5 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) [2]

Markscheme

b +9=4 (M1)

b = −5 A1 N2

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Comparing elements 3(2) − 5(q) = −9 M1

q =3 A2 N2

[3 marks]
46. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.9
(a.i) [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

a =4 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) [1]

Markscheme

b =7 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(b) [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

x 7
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
A⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z −12

OR

1 2 0 x 7
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜ −3 1 −1 ⎟ ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 −2 1 z −12
 [1 mark]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

x 7
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜y ⎟ = A−1 ⎜ 10 ⎟ (accept algebraic method) (M1)

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z −12

x −3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜y ⎟ = ⎜ 5 ⎟ (accept x = −3, y = 5, z = 4) A2 N3
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z 4

[3 marks]
47. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.8
(a) [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

1 2 1
− −
⎛ 3 3 3 ⎞ −0.333 0.667 −0.333
⎛ ⎞
A−1 = ⎜ −
⎜
1 5
−
7 ⎟
⎟ or ⎜ −0.333 1.67 −2.33 ⎟ A2 N2
⎜ 3 3 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎝ 2 4 5
⎠ 0.667 −1.33 1.67
−
3 3 3

[2 marks]

(b.i) [1]

Markscheme

X = A−1B A1 N1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) [3]

Markscheme

5
⎛ ⎞
X= ⎜2⎟ A3 N3
⎝ ⎠
3

[3 marks]
48. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.10
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

6 4
2A = ( ) (A1)
2k 8

4 2
2A − B = ( ) A2 N3
2k − 1 5

[3 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Evidence of using the definition of determinant (M1)

Correct substitution (A1)

eg 4(5) − 2(2k − 1), 20 − 2(2k − 1), 20 − 4k + 2

det (2A − B) = 22 − 4k A1 N3

[3 marks]
49. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.22
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

Attempting to multiply matrices (M1)

3
⎛ ⎞ 2 2
1 x −1 3 + x − 2 1 + x
( )⎜x⎟ = ( ) (= ( )) A1A1 N3
3 1 4 ⎝ ⎠ 9 + x + 8 17 + x
2

[3 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Setting up equation M1

2 2
1 + x 20 2 + 2x 20
eg 2( ) = ( ) , ( ) = ( ) ,
17 + x 28 34 + 2x 28
2
1 + x 10
( ) = ( )
17 + x 14

2 2
2 + 2x = 20 1 + x = 10
( ) (A1)
34 + 2x = 28 17 + x = 14

x = −3 A1 N2

[3 marks]
50. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.35
(a) [2]

Markscheme

0.1 0.4 0.1

⎛ ⎞
A–1 = ⎜ −0.7 0.2 0.3 ⎟ A2 N2
⎝ ⎠
−1.2 0.2 0.8

[2 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

x 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
For attempting to calculate ⎜ y ⎟ = A−1
⎜2⎟ M1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z 3

x = 1.2, y = 0.6, z = 1.6 (so the point is (1.2, 0.6, 1.6)) A2 N2

[3 marks]

(c) [1]

Markscheme

(1.2, 0.6, 1.6) lies on x + y + z = d

∴ d = 3.4 A1 N1

[1 mark]
51. [Maximum mark: 5] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.30
(a) [1]

Markscheme

a = 16 A1

[1 mark]

(b) [2]

Markscheme

1 2 −1
⎛ ⎞
A–1 = 1

16
⎜3 −1 0 ⎟ (M1)A1
⎝ ⎠
0 3 1

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme

AX = C ⇒ X = A–1C (M1)

1 2 −1 8
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞
1
= ⎜3 −1 0 ⎟⎜ 0 ⎟
16
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
0 3 1 −4

12 0.75
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎞
=
1

16
⎜ 24 ⎟ ⎜= ⎜ 1.5 ⎟⎟ A1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠⎠
−4 −0.25

[2 marks]
52. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.45
(a) [2]

Markscheme

Since det A ≠ 0, A–1 exists. (M1)

Hence AB = C ⇒ B = A–1C (C1)

[2 marks]

(b.i) [1]

Markscheme

1 0 0
⎛ ⎞
DA = ⎜ 0 1 0⎟ (A1)
⎝ ⎠
0 0 1

[1 mark]

(b.ii) [2]

Markscheme

B = A–1C = DC (M1)

1
⎛ ⎞
= ⎜ −1 ⎟ (A1)
⎝ ⎠
2

[2 marks]

(c) [2]

Markscheme
 x + 2y + 3z = 5

The system of equations is 2x − y + 2z = 7

3x − 3y + 2z = 10

x
⎛ ⎞
or A⎜ y ⎟ = C (M1)
⎝ ⎠
z

The required point = (1, –1, 2). (A1)

[2 marks]
53. [Maximum mark: 6] EXM.1.AHL.TZ0.9
(a.i) [1]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

a =4 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) [1]

Markscheme

b =7 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(b) [1]

Markscheme

EITHER

x 7
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
A⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z −12

OR

1 2 0 x 7
⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜ −3 1 −1 ⎟ ⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 −2 1 z −12
 [1 mark]

(c) [3]

Markscheme

x 7
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜y ⎟ = A−1 ⎜ 10 ⎟ (accept algebraic method) (M1)

⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z −12

x −3
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

⎜y ⎟ = ⎜ 5 ⎟ (accept x = −3, y = 5, z = 4) A2 N3
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
z 4

[3 marks]
54. [Maximum mark: 8] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.9
(a) [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find det (M ) (M1)

= 14

(12 × 14)= 168 cm

2
A1

[2 marks]

(b) [6]

Markscheme

let X have coordinates (x, y)

METHOD 1

x 2t − 3
M( )=( ) (M1)
y 6 − 5t

x 2t − 3
( )= M
−1
( ) (A1)
y 6 − 5t

1 4
M
−1
=
1

14
( ) A1
−3 2

x 2t − 3 + 24 − 20t
( )=
1

14
( ) (M1)
y −6t + 9 + 12 − 10t

x 21 − 18t
( )=
1
( ) OR (
21−18t
,
21−16t
) A1A1
14 14 14
y 21 − 16t
METHOD 2

writing two simultaneous equations (M1)

2x − 4y = 2t − 3 (A1)

3x + y = 6 − 5t (A1)

attempting to solve the equations (M1)

(x, y)=(
3

2
−
9t

7
,
3

2
−
8t

7
) A1A1

[6 marks]
55. [Maximum mark: 7] 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.15
(a) [2]

Markscheme

0 0
(one vector to the line is ( ) therefore) a =( ) A1
c c

the line goes m up for every 1 across

1
(so the direction vector is) b =( ) A1
m

Note: Although these are the most likely answers, many others are possible.

[2 marks]

(b) [1]

Markscheme

(from GDC OR 6 × 2 − 4 × 3 ) | M |= 0 A1

[1 mark]

(c) [4]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

X 6 3 x 6x + 3mx + 3c
( )=( )( )=( ) M1A1
Y 4 2 mx + c 4x + 2mx + 2c
 3(2x + mx + c)
=( ) A1
2(2x + mx + c)

therefore the new line has equation 3Y = 2X A1

which is independent of m or c AG

Note: The AG line (or equivalent) must be seen for the final A1 line to be
awarded.

METHOD 2

take two points on the line, e.g (0, c) and (1, m + c) M1

6 3 0 3c
these map to ( )( )=( )
4 2 c 2c

6 3 1 6 + 3m + 3c
and ( )( )=( ) A1
4 2 m + c 4 + 2m + 2c

6 + 3m 3
therefore a direction vector is ( )=(2 + m)( )
4 + 2m 2

3
(since m ≠ −2 ) a direction vector is ( )
2

3c 3 0
the line passes through ( )−c( )=( ) therefore it always has
2c 2 0

the origin as a jump-on vector A1

3
the vector equation is therefore r = μ( ) A1
2

which is independent of m or c AG

Note: The AG line (or equivalent) must be seen for the final A1 line to be
awarded.
METHOD 3

6 3 0 1 3c 6 + 3m
r =( )(( )+λ( ))=( )+λ( ) M1A1
4 2 c m 2c 4 + 2m

3 3
= c( )+(2 + m)λ( ) A1
2 2

3
= μ( )
2

where μ = c +(2 + m)λ is an arbitrary parameter. A1

which is independent of m or c (as μ can take any value) AG

Note: The AG line (or equivalent) must be seen for the final A1 line to be
awarded.

[4 marks]
56. [Maximum mark: 11] 20N.1.AHL.TZ0.F_4
(a) [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

∣a − λ b ∣
∣ ∣= 0 M1
∣ c d − λ∣

(a − λ)(d − λ)−bc = 0 M1A1

λ
2
−(a + d)λ + ad − bc = 0 A1

α =(a + d); β = ad − bc

[4 marks]

(b.i) [5]

Markscheme

2
a b a b a + bc ab + bd
A
2
=[ ][ ]=[
2
] (M1)A1
c d c d ac + cd bc + d

2
A −(a + d)A +(ad − bc)I =

2
a + bc ab + bd a b 1 0
[
2
]−(a + d)[ ]+(ad − bc)[ ] M1
ac + cd bc + d c d 0 1

2
a + bc − a(a + d)+ad − bc ab + bd − b(a + d)
=[ ]
2
ac + cd − c(a + d) bc + d − d(a + d)+ad − bc

A2
 = 0 AG

Note: Award A1A0 for a single error.

[5 marks]

(b.ii) [2]

Markscheme

multiply throughout by A giving –1

M1

A − αI + βA
−1
= 0 A1

A
−1
=
1

β
(αI − A) AG

[2 marks]
57. [Maximum mark: 11] 19M.1.AHL.TZ0.F_13
(a) [7]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

suppose f(X) = f(Y) , ie AX = AY (M1)

then A−1AX = A−1AY A1

X = Y A1

since f(X) = f(Y) ⇒ X = Y, f is an injection R1

now suppose C ∈ M and consider f(D) = C , ie AD = C M1

then D = A−1 C (A−1 exists since A is non- singular) A1

since given C ∈ M, there exists D ∈ M such that f(D) = C , f is a surjection R1

therefore f is a bijection AG

[7 marks]

(b) [4]

Markscheme

suppose f(X) = Y, ie AX = Y (M1)

then det(A)det(X) = det(Y) A1

since det(A) = 0, it follows that det(Y) = 0 A1

it follows that f is not surjective since the function cannot reach non-
singular matrices R1
therefore f is not a bijection AG

[4 marks]
58. [Maximum mark: 6] 18M.1.AHL.TZ0.F_2
(a) [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.

METHOD 1
A4 = 4A2 + 4AI + I2 or equivalent M1A1
= 4(2A + I) + 4A + I A1
= 8A + 4I + 4A + I
= 12A + 5I AG

[3 marks]

METHOD 2
A3 = A(2A + I) = 2A2 + AI = 2(2A + I) + A(= 5A + 2I) M1A1
A4 = A(5A + 2I) A1
= 5A2 + 2A = 5(2A + I) + 2A
= 12A + 5I AG

[3 marks]

(b) [3]

Markscheme

18 2
B2 = [ ] (A1)
1 11

18 2 4 2 4 0 10 0
[ ] − [ ] − [ ] = [ ] (A1)
1 11 1 −3 0 4 0 10

⇒ k = 10 A1

[3 marks]
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