AA SL 24 Revision Geometry and trigonometry Part 2 [197 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 13] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.S_8

Let f (x) = 2 sin (3x) + 4 for x ∈ R.

(a) The range of f is k ≤ f (x) ≤ m. Find k and m. [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

valid attempt to find range (M1)

eg , max = 6 min = 2,

) + 4 and 2 sin (3 × ) + 4 , 2 (1) + 4 and 2 (−1) + 4,

π π
2 sin (3 ×
6 2

k = 2, m = 6 A1A1 N3

[3 marks]

Let g (x) = 5f (2x).

(b) Find the range of g. [2]

Markscheme

10 ≤ y ≤ 30 A2 N2

[2 marks]

The function g can be written in the form g (x) = 10 sin (bx) + c.

(c.i) Find the value of b and of c. [3]

Markscheme

evidence of substitution (may be seen in part (b)) (M1)

eg 5 (2 sin (3 (2x)) + 4) , 3 (2x)

 b = 6, c = 20 (accept 10 sin (6x) + 20 ) A1A1 N3

Note: If no working shown, award N2 for one correct value.

[3 marks]

(c.ii) Find the period of g. [2]

Markscheme

correct working (A1)

eg 2π

1.04719

), 1.05 A1 N2
2π π
(=
6 3

[2 marks]

(d) The equation g (x) = 12 has two solutions where π ≤ x ≤ 4π

. Find both solutions. [3]
3

Markscheme

valid approach (M1)

eg ,

−1 8
sin (− ), 6x = −0.927, − 0.154549, x = 0.678147
10

Note: Award M1 for any correct value for x or 6x which lies outside the domain of f .

3.81974, 4.03424

x = 3.82, x = 4.03 (do not accept answers in degrees) A1A1 N3

[3 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 10] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.S_9
Let θ be an obtuse angle such that sin θ =
3

5
.

(a) Find the value of tan θ. [4]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

evidence of valid approach (M1)

eg sketch of triangle with sides 3 and 5, cos 2 θ = 1 − sin

2
θ

correct working (A1)

eg missing side is 4 (may be seen in sketch), cos θ =

4

5
, cos θ = −
4

tan θ = −
3

4
A2 N4

[4 marks]

(b) Line L passes through the origin and has a gradient of tan θ. Find the equation of L. [2]

Markscheme

correct substitution of either gradient or origin into equation of line (A1)

(do not accept y = mx + b)

eg y = x tan θ, y − 0 = m (x − 0), y = mx

y = −
3

4
x A2 N4

3
Note: Award A1A0 for L = −
4
x.

[2 marks]

3x
Let f (x) = e
x
sin x −
4
.

(d) The following diagram shows the graph of f for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. Line M is a tangent to the
graph of f at point P.
 [4]

Given that M is parallel to L, find the x-coordinate of P.

Markscheme

valid approach to equate their gradients (M1)

eg f
′
= tan θ, f
′
= −
3

4
, e
x
cos x + e
x
sin x −
3

4
= −
3

4
,
x 3 3
e (cos x + sin x) − = −
4 4

correct equation without e x (A1)

−sin x
eg sin x = −cos x, cos x + sin x = 0,
cos x
= 1

correct working (A1)

eg tan θ = −1, x = 135

∘

x =
3π

4
(do not accept 135 ∘ ) A1 N1

Note: Do not award the final A1 if additional answers are given.

[4 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 8] 19N.1.SL.TZ0.S_6
Let f (x) ) + 1, for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 6π. Find the values of x for which
x
= 4 cos (
2

f (x) > 2√ 2 + 1. [8]

Markscheme

METHOD 1 – FINDING INTERVALS FOR x

x
4 cos ( ) + 1 > 2√ 2 + 1
2

correct working (A1)

x x √2
eg 4 cos(
2
) = 2√ 2, cos(
2
) >
2

−1 √ 2 π
recognizing cos
2
=
4
(A1)
x
one additional correct value for 2
(ignoring domain and equation/inequalities) (A1)

π 7π 9π ∘ 15π
eg −
4
,
4
, 315 ,
∘
4
, − 45 ,
4

three correct values for x A1A1

π 7π 9π
eg 2
,
2
,
2

valid approach to find intervals (M1)

eg

correct intervals (must be in radians) A1A1 N2

π 7π 9π
0 ⩽ x <
2
, 2
< x <
2

Note: If working shown, award A1A0 if inclusion/exclusion of endpoints is incorrect. If no working

shown award N1.
If working shown, award A1A0 if both correct intervals are given, and additional intervals are given. If
no working shown award N1.
Award A0A0 if inclusion/exclusion of endpoints are incorrect and additional intervals are given.

METHOD 2 – FINDING INTERVALS FOR x

x
4 cos( ) + 1 > 2√ 2 + 1
2
correct working (A1)

x x √2
eg 4 cos(
2
) = 2√ 2, cos(
2
) >
2

−1 √ 2 π
recognizing cos
2
=
4
(A1)

one additional correct value for x

2
(ignoring domain and equation/inequalities) (A1)

eg −
π

4
,
7π

4
, 315 ,
∘ 9π

4
, − 45 ,
∘ 15π

three correct values for x

2
A1

eg π

4
,
7π

4
,
9π

valid approach to find intervals (M1)

eg

one correct interval for x

2
A1

eg 0 ⩽
x

2
<
π

4
,
7π

4
<
x

2
<
9π

correct intervals (must be in radians) A1A1 N2

0 ⩽ x <
π

2
, 7π

2
< x <
9π

Note: If working shown, award A1A0 if inclusion/exclusion of endpoints is incorrect. If no working

shown award N1.
If working shown, award A1A0 if both correct intervals are given, and additional intervals are given. If
no working shown award N1.
Award A0A0 if inclusion/exclusion of endpoints are incorrect and additional intervals are given.

[8 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 6] 20N.1.SL.TZ0.S_2
The following diagram shows a triangle ABC.

AC = 15 cm, BC = 10 cm, and AB̂C = θ.

√3
ˆ
Let sin CAB =
3
.

(a) Given that AB̂C is acute, find sin θ. [3]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

METHOD 1 – (sine rule)

evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)

ˆ ˆ
eg
sin A sin B
=
a b

correct substitution (A1)

√3
/3 √3 √3
eg
sin θ sin θ sin B
= , = , =
10 15 30 15 30 15

√3
sin θ =
2
A1 N2

METHOD 2 – (perpendicular from vertex C)

valid approach to find perpendicular length (may be seen on diagram) (M1)

 √3
eg , 15
h
=
3

correct perpendicular length (A1)

15√ 3
eg 3
, 5√ 3

√3
sin θ =
2
A1 N2

π
Note: Do not award the final A mark if candidate goes on to state sin θ =
3
, as this demonstrates a
lack of understanding.

[3 marks]

(b)
Find cos (2 × CÂB).
[3]

Markscheme

attempt to substitute into double-angle formula for cosine (M1)

2 2 2 2 2
√3 √6 √6 √3 √3 2 √3
1 − 2( ) , 2( ) − 1, ( ) − ( ) , cos (2θ) = 1 − 2( ) , 1 − 2 sin ( )
3 3 3 3 2 3

correct working (A1)

eg 1 − 2 ×
3

9
, 2 ×
6

9
− 1,
6

9
−
3

ˆ
cos(2 × CAB) =
3

9
(=
1

3
) A1 N2

[3 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 6] 21M.1.SL.TZ2.3
(a) Show that the equation 2 cos
2
x + 5 sin x = 4 may be written in the form
x − 5 sin x + 2 = 0. [1]
2
2 sin

Markscheme

METHOD 1

2
correct substitution of cos 2 x = 1 − sin x A1

2
2(1 − sin x) + 5 sin x = 4

2 sin
2
x − 5 sin x + 2 = 0 AG

METHOD 2

correct substitution using double-angle identities A1

2
(2 cos x − 1) + 5 sin x = 3

2
1 − 2 sin x − 5 sin x = 3

2
2 sin x − 5 sin x + 2 = 0 AG

[1 mark]

(b) Hence, solve the equation 2 cos

2
x + 5 sin x = 4, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. [5]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempting to factorise M1

(2 sin x − 1)(sin x − 2) A1

OR

attempting to use the quadratic formula M1

5±√ 5 −4×2×2
2
5±3
sin x =
4
(=
4
) A1
THEN

sin x =
1

2
(A1)

π 5π
x =
6
,
6
A1A1

[5 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 8] 21M.1.SL.TZ1.6
(a) Show that sin 2x + cos 2x − 1 = 2 sin x(cos x − sin x). [2]

Markscheme

Note: Do not award the final A1 for proofs which work from both sides to find a common expression
other than 2 sin x cos x − 2 sin
2
x.

METHOD 1 (LHS to RHS)

attempt to use double angle formula for sin 2x or cos 2x M1

LHS = 2 sin x cos x + cos 2x − 1 OR

2
sin 2x + 1 − 2 sin x − 1 OR

2
2 sin x cos x + 1 − 2 sin x − 1

= 2 sin x cos x − 2 sin

2
x A1

sin 2x + cos 2x − 1 = 2 sin x(cos x − sin x) = RHS AG

METHOD 2 (RHS to LHS)

RHS = 2 sin x cos x − 2 sin

2
x

attempt to use double angle formula for sin 2x or cos 2x M1

2
= sin 2x + 1 − 2 sin x − 1 A1

= sin 2x + cos 2x − 1 = LHS AG

[2 marks]

(b) Hence or otherwise, solve sin 2x + cos 2x − 1 + cos x − sin x = 0 for

0 < x < 2π.

[6]

Markscheme

attempt to factorise M1
(cos x − sin x)(2 sin x + 1) = 0 A1

recognition of cos x = sin x ⇒

sin x

cos x
= tan x = 1 OR sin x = −
1

2
(M1)

one correct reference angle seen anywhere, accept degrees (A1)

π π π 7π

4
OR 6
(accept − 6 , 6
)

Note: This (M1)(A1) is independent of the previous M1A1.

7π 11π π 5π
x =
6
,
6
,
4
,
4
A2

Note: Award A1 for any two correct (radian) answers.

Award A1A0 if additional values given with the four correct (radian) answers.
Award A1A0 for four correct answers given in degrees.

[6 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 7] 21N.1.SL.TZ0.6
(a) Show that 2x − 3 −
6
=
2
2x −5x−3
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 1. [2]
x−1 x−1

Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to write all LHS terms with a common denominator of x − 1 (M1)

2x(x−1)−3(x−1)−6 (2x−3)(x−1)
2x − 3 −
6

x−1
=
x−1
OR x−1
−
6

x−1

2 2

OR A1
2x −2x−3x+3−6 2x −5x+3 6
= −
x−1 x−1 x−1

AG
2x −5x−3
=
x−1

METHOD 2

attempt to use algebraic division on RHS (M1)

correctly obtains quotient of 2x − 3 and remainder −6 A1

= 2x − 3 −
6

x−1
as required. AG

[2 marks]

(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation 2 sin 2θ − 3 −

6
= 0 for
sin 2θ−1
π
0 ≤ θ ≤ π, θ ≠
4
. [5]

Markscheme

2
2 sin 2θ−5 sin 2θ−3
consider the equation sin 2θ−1
= 0 (M1)

2
⇒ 2 sin 2θ − 5 sin 2θ − 3 = 0

EITHER

attempt to factorise in the form (2 sin 2θ + a)(sin 2θ + b) (M1)

Note: Accept any variable in place of sin 2θ.

(2 sin 2θ + 1)(sin 2θ − 3) = 0

OR

attempt to substitute into quadratic formula (M1)

5±√ 49
sin 2θ =
4

THEN

1
sin 2θ = −
2
or sin 2θ = 3 (A1)

1
Note: Award A1 for sin 2θ = −
2
only.

7π 11π
one of 6
OR 6
(accept 210 or 330) (A1)

7π 11π
θ =
12
,
12
(must be in radians) A1

Note: Award A0 if additional answers given.

[5 marks]
8. [Maximum mark: 5] 22M.1.SL.TZ2.5
x π 1
Find the least positive value of x for which cos( 2
+
3
) = . [5]
√2

Markscheme

π
determines 4
(or 45°) as the first quadrant (reference) angle (A1)

π π
attempts to solve x

2
+
3
=
4
(M1)

π π 7π
Note: Award M1 for attempting to solve x

2
+
3
=
4
,
4
(, …)

π π π
⇒ x < 0 and so is rejected (R1)
x
+ =
2 3 4 4

x π π 7π

2
+
3
= 2π −
4
(=
4
) A1

17π
x =
6
(must be in radians) A1

[5 marks]
9. [Maximum mark: 6] 22M.2.SL.TZ1.3
A company is designing a new logo. The logo is created by removing two equal segments from a
rectangle, as shown in the following diagram.

The rectangle measures 5 cm by 4 cm. The points A and B lie on a circle, with centre O and radius
2 cm, such that AÔB = θ, where 0 < θ < π. This information is shown in the following diagram.

(a) Find the area of one of the shaded segments in terms of θ. [3]

Markscheme

valid approach to find area of segment by finding area of sector – area of triangle (M1)

1 2 1 2
r θ − r sin θ
2 2

2 2
(A1)
1 1
(2) θ − (2) sin θ
2 2

area = 2θ − 2 sin θ A1
 [3 marks]

(b) Given that the area of the logo is 13. 4 cm 2 , find the value of θ. [3]

Markscheme

EITHER

area of logo = area of rectangle – area of segments (M1)

5 × 4 − 2 × (2θ − 2 sin θ) = 13. 4 (A1)

OR

area of one segment = (M1)

20−13.4
(= 3. 3)
2

2θ − 2 sin θ = 3. 3 (A1)

THEN

θ = 2. 35672 …

θ = 2. 36 (do not accept an answer in degrees) A1

Note: Award (M1)(A1)A0 if there is more than one solution.

Award (M1)(A1FT)A0 if the candidate works in degrees and obtains a final answer of 135. 030 …

[3 marks]
10. [Maximum mark: 12] 22M.2.SL.TZ2.8
A scientist conducted a nine-week experiment on two plants, A and B, of the same species. He wanted to
determine the effect of using a new plant fertilizer. Plant A was given fertilizer regularly, while Plant B
was not.

The scientist found that the height of Plant A, h A cm, at time t weeks can be modelled by the function
h A (t) = sin(2t + 6) + 9t + 27, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

The scientist found that the height of Plant B, h B cm, at time t weeks can be modelled by the function
h B (t) = 8t + 32, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

Use the scientist’s models to find the initial height of

(a.i) Plant B. [1]

Markscheme

32 (cm) A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2]

Markscheme

h A (0) = sin(6) + 27 (M1)

= 26. 7205 …

= 26. 7 (cm) A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the values of t when h A (t) = h B (t). [3]

Markscheme

attempts to solve h A (t) = h B (t) for t (M1)

t = 4. 00746 … , 4. 70343 … , 5. 88332 …

t = 4. 01, 4. 70, 5. 88 (weeks) A2

 [3 marks]

(c) For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of Plant B
was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A. [6]

Markscheme

recognises that h A ′(t) and h B ′(t) are required (M1)

attempts to solve h A ′(t) = h B ′(t) for t (M1)

t = 1. 18879 … and 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … and 5. 37758 … OR 7. 47197 …

and 8. 51917 … (A1)

4π 5π 7π 8π 10π 11π
Note: Award full marks for t =
3
− 3,
3
− 3, (
3
− 3,
3
− 3
3
− 3,
3
− 3)

Award subsequent marks for correct use of these exact values.

1. 18879 … < t < 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … < t < 5. 37758 … OR

7. 47197 … < t < 8. 51917 … (A1)

attempts to calculate the total amount of time (M1)

5π 4π
3(2. 2359 … − 1. 1887 …) (= 3(( − 3) − ( − 3)))
3 3

= 3. 14 (= π) (weeks) A1

[6 marks]
11. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.9
(a.i) Expand and simplify (1 − a) 3 in ascending powers of a. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

attempt to use binomial expansion (M1)

2 3
1 + 3C 1 × 1 × (−a) + 3C 2 × 1 × (−a) + 1 × (−a)

OR

(1 − a)(1 − a)(1 − a)

= (1 − a)(1 − 2a + a )
2
(M1)

THEN

= 1 − 3a + 3a
2
− a
3
A1

[2 marks]

(a.ii) By using a suitable substitution for a, show that

x. [4]
2 3 6
1 − 3 cos 2x + 3 cos 2x − cos 2x = 8 sin

Markscheme

a = cos 2x (A1)

So, 1 − 3 cos 2x + 3 cos

2
2x − cos
3
2x =

3
(1 − cos 2x) A1

3
attempt to substitute any double angle rule for cos 2x into (1 − cos 2x) (M1)

3
= (2 sin
2
x) A1

= 8 sin
6
x AG

Note: Allow working RHS to LHS.

 [4 marks]

Consider f (x) = 4 cos x(1 − 3 cos 2x + 3 cos

2
2x − cos
3
2x).

(b.i) Show that ∫ 0

m
f (x) d x =
32
sin
7
m, where m is a positive real constant. [4]
7

Markscheme

recognizing to integrate ∫ (4 cos x × 8 sin

6
x) d x (M1)

EITHER

applies integration by inspection (M1)

6
32 ∫ (cos x × (sin x) ) d x

32
=
7
sin
7
x (+c) A1
m
32 7 32 7 32 7
[
7
sin x]
0
(=
7
sin m −
7
sin 0) A1

OR

(M1)
du
u = sin x ⇒ = cos x
dx

6 6
∫ 32 cos x (sin x) d x = ∫ 32u d u

32
=
7
u
7
(+c) A1

m sin m
32 7 32 32 7 32 7
[
7
sin x]
0
OR [
7
u ]
7

0
(=
7
sin m −
7
sin 0) A1

THEN

32 7
=
7
sin m AG

[4 marks]

π
(b.ii) π
It is given that ∫ m 2
f (x) d x =
127

28
, where 0 ≤ m ≤
2
. Find the value of m. [5]
Markscheme

EITHER

π π
32 7 32 7 π 32 7
∫
m
2
f (x) d x(= [
7
sin x]
2
) =
7
sin
2
−
7
sin m M1
m

32 π 32 127 32 127

7
sin
7
2
−
7
sin
7
m =
28
OR 7
(1 − sin
7
m) =
28
(M1)

OR
π π
m
∫
0
2
f (x) d x = ∫
0
f (x) d x + ∫
2

m
f (x) d x M1

32

7
=
32

7
sin
7
m +
127

28
(M1)

THEN

sin
7
m =
1

128
(=
1

2
7
) (A1)

sin m =
1

2
(A1)

π
m =
6
A1

[5 marks]
12. [Maximum mark: 7] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.4

Consider the functions f (x) = √ 3 sin x + cos x where 0 ≤ x ≤ π and g(x) = 2x where

x ∈ R.

(a) Find (f ∘ g)(x). [2]

Markscheme

(f ∘ g)(x) = f (2x) (A1)

f (2x) = √ 3 sin 2x + cos 2x A1

[2 marks]

(b) Solve the equation (f ∘ g)(x) = 2 cos 2x where 0 ≤ x ≤ π. [5]

Markscheme

√ 3 sin 2x + cos 2x = 2 cos 2x

√ 3 sin 2x = cos 2x

recognising to use tan or cot M1

OR cot 2x = √ 3 (values may be seen in right triangle) (A1)

1
tan 2x =
√3

1 π
(arctan( ) =)
6
(seen anywhere) (accept degrees) (A1)
√3

π 7π
2x = ,
6 6

x =
π

12
,
7π

12
A1A1

Note: Do not award the final A1 if any additional solutions are seen.
Award A1A0 for correct answers in degrees.
Award A0A0 for correct answers in degrees with additional values.

[5 marks]
13. [Maximum mark: 15] 22N.1.SL.TZ0.9
The function f is defined by f (x) = cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) Find the roots of the equation f (x) = 0. [5]

Markscheme

2 2
cos x − 3 sin x = 0

valid attempt to reduce equation to one involving one trigonometric function (M1)
2
sin x 1 2 2

cos
2
x
=
3
OR 1 − sin x − 3 sin x = 0 OR cos
2
x − 3(1 − cos
2
x) = 0 OR
cos 2x − 1 + cos 2x = 0

correct equation (A1)

1 3 1 1
tan
2
x =
3
OR cos
2
x =
4
OR sin
2
x =
4
OR cos 2x =
2

1 √3 1 π 5π
tan x = ± OR cos x = ±
2
OR sin x = (±)
2
OR 2x =
3
(,
3
) (A1)
√3

π 5π
x =
6
, x =
6
A1A1

π
Note: Award M1A1A0A1A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only x =
6
.
Award M1A1A0A0A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only x = 30°.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both answers in degrees.

Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both correct answers in radians, but who include
additional solutions outside the domain.

Award a maximum of M1A0A0A1A1 for correct answers with no working.

[5 marks]

(b.i) Find f ′(x). [2]

Markscheme

attempt to use the chain rule (may be evidenced by at least one cos x sin x term) (M1)

f ′(x) = −2 cos x sin x − 6 sin x cos x(= −8 sin x cos x = −4 sin 2x) A1
 [2 marks]

(b.ii) Hence find the coordinates of the points on the graph of y = f (x) where f ′(x) = 0. [5]

Markscheme

valid attempt to solve their f ′(x) = 0 (M1)

At least 2 correct x-coordinates (may be seen in coordinates) (A1)

π
x = 0, x =
2
, x = π

Note: Accept additional correct solutions outside the domain.

Award A0 if any additional incorrect solutions are given.

correct coordinates (may be seen in graph for part (c)) A1A1A1

π
(0, 1), (π, 1), ( , − 3)
2

Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A1A1A0 if any additional solutions are given.

Note: If candidates do not find at least two correct x-coordinates, it is possible to award the
appropriate final marks for their correct coordinates, such as M1A0A0A1A0.

[5 marks]

(c) Sketch the graph ofy = f (x), clearly showing the coordinates of any points where
f ′(x) = 0 and any points where the graph meets the coordinate axes. [3]

Markscheme
Note: In this question do not award follow through from incorrect values found in earlier parts.

π
approximately correct smooth curve with minimum at ( 2 , − 3) A1

Note: If candidates do not gain this mark then award no further marks.

π 5π
endpoints at (0, 1) , (π, 1), x-intercepts at , A1
6 6

correct concavity clearly shown at (0, 1) and (π, 1) A1

Note: The final two marks may be awarded independently of each other.

[3 marks]
14. [Maximum mark: 15] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.9
The following diagram shows a ball attached to the end of a spring, which is suspended from a ceiling.

The height, h metres, of the ball above the ground at time t seconds after being released can be modelled
by the function h(t) = 0. 4 cos(πt) + 1. 8 where t ≥ 0.

(a) Find the height of the ball above the ground when it is released. [2]

Markscheme

* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to aid
teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be minor
differences in formatting compared to formal exam papers.

attempts to find h(0) (M1)

h(0) = 0. 4 cos(0) + 1. 8(= 2. 2)

2. 2 (m) (above the ground) A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the minimum height of the ball above the ground. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER
 uses the minimum value of cos(πt) which is −1 M1

0. 4(−1) + 1. 8 (m)

OR

the amplitude of motion is 0. 4 (m) and the mean position is 1. 8 (m) M1

OR

finds h′(t) = −0. 4π sin(πt), attempts to solve h′(t) = 0 for t and determines that the

minimum height above the ground occurs at t = 1, 3, … M1

0. 4(−1) + 1. 8 (m)

THEN

1. 4 (m) (above the ground) A1

[2 marks]

(c) Show that the ball takes 2 seconds to return to its initial height above the ground for the
first time. [2]

Markscheme

EITHER

the ball is released from its maximum height and returns there a period later R1

2π
the period is π
(= 2) (s) A1

OR

attempts to solve h(t) = 2. 2 for t M1

cos(πt) = 1

t = 0, 2, … A1
 THEN

so it takes 2 seconds for the ball to return to its initial position for the first time AG

[2 marks]

(d) For the first 2 seconds of its motion, determine the amount of time that the ball is less
than 1. 8 + 0. 2√2 metres above the ground. [5]

Markscheme

0. 4 cos(πt) + 1. 8 = 1. 8 + 0. 2√ 2 (M1)

0. 4 cos(πt) = 0. 2√ 2

√2
cos(πt) =
2
A1

π 7π
πt =
4
,
4
(A1)

Note: Accept extra correct positive solutions for πt.

t =
1

4
,
7

4
(0 ≤ t ≤ 2) A1

Note: Do not award A1 if solutions outside 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 are also stated.

7 1
the ball is less than 1. 8 + 0. 2√2 metres above the ground for 4
−
4
(s)

1. 5 (s) A1

[5 marks]

(e) Find the rate of change of the ball’s height above the ground when t =
1
. Give your
3

answer in the form pπ√q ms

−1
where p ∈ Q and q ∈ Z
+
. [4]

Markscheme

EITHER
attempts to find h′(t) (M1)

OR

recognizes that h′(t) is required (M1)

THEN

h′(t) = −0. 4π sin(πt) A1

1
attempts to evaluate their h′( 3 ) (M1)

1 π
h′( ) = −0. 4π sin
3 3

= 0. 2π√ 3 (ms
−1
) A1

Note: Accept equivalent correct answer forms where p ∈ Q. For example, − π√3.
1

[4 marks]
15. [Maximum mark: 7] 22M.1.SL.TZ1.6
Consider f (x) = 4 sin x + 2. 5 and g(x) = 4 sin(x −
3π

2
) + 2. 5 + q, where x ∈ R and

q > 0.

The graph of g is obtained by two transformations of the graph of f .

(a) Describe these two transformations. [2]

Markscheme

3π
translation (shift) by 2
to the right/positive horizontal direction A1

translation (shift) by q upwards/positive vertical direction A1

3π

Note: accept translation by ( 2

)
q

Do not accept ‘move’ for translation/shift.

[2 marks]

(b) The y-intercept of the graph of g is at (0, r).

Given that g(x) ≥ 7, find the smallest value of r. [5]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

3π
minimum of 4 sin(x −
2
) is −4 (may be seen in sketch) (M1)

−4 + 2. 5 + q ≥ 7

q ≥ 8. 5 (accept q = 8. 5) A1

substituting x = 0 and their q (= 8. 5) to find r (M1)

−3π
(r =) 4 sin( ) + 2. 5 + 8. 5
2

4 + 2. 5 + 8. 5 (A1)

smallest value of r is 15 A1
METHOD 2

substituting x = 0 to find an expression (for r) in terms of q (M1)

−3π
(g(0) = r =) 4 sin( ) + 2. 5 + q
2

(r =) 6. 5 + q A1

minimum of 4 sin(x −
3π

2
) is −4 (M1)

−4 + 2. 5 + q ≥ 7

−4 + 2. 5 + (r − 6. 5) ≥ 7 (accept =) (A1)

smallest value of r is 15 A1

METHOD 3

4 sin(x −
3π

2
) + 2. 5 + q = 4 cos x + 2. 5 + q A1

y-intercept of 4 cos x + 2. 5 + q is a maximum (M1)

amplitude of g(x) is 4 (A1)

attempt to find least maximum (M1)

r = 2 × 4 + 7

smallest value of r is 15 A1

[5 marks]
16. [Maximum mark: 12] 22M.2.SL.TZ2.8
A scientist conducted a nine-week experiment on two plants, A and B, of the same species. He wanted to
determine the effect of using a new plant fertilizer. Plant A was given fertilizer regularly, while Plant B
was not.

The scientist found that the height of Plant A, h A cm, at time t weeks can be modelled by the function
h A (t) = sin(2t + 6) + 9t + 27, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

The scientist found that the height of Plant B, h B cm, at time t weeks can be modelled by the function
h B (t) = 8t + 32, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

Use the scientist’s models to find the initial height of

(a.i) Plant B. [1]

Markscheme

32 (cm) A1

[1 mark]

(a.ii) Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2]

Markscheme

h A (0) = sin(6) + 27 (M1)

= 26. 7205 …

= 26. 7 (cm) A1

[2 marks]

(b) Find the values of t when h A (t) = h B (t). [3]

Markscheme

attempts to solve h A (t) = h B (t) for t (M1)

t = 4. 00746 … , 4. 70343 … , 5. 88332 …

t = 4. 01, 4. 70, 5. 88 (weeks) A2

 [3 marks]

(c) For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of Plant B
was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A. [6]

Markscheme

recognises that h A ′(t) and h B ′(t) are required (M1)

attempts to solve h A ′(t) = h B ′(t) for t (M1)

t = 1. 18879 … and 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … and 5. 37758 … OR 7. 47197 …

and 8. 51917 … (A1)

4π 5π 7π 8π 10π 11π
Note: Award full marks for t =
3
− 3,
3
− 3, (
3
− 3,
3
− 3
3
− 3,
3
− 3)

Award subsequent marks for correct use of these exact values.

1. 18879 … < t < 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … < t < 5. 37758 … OR

7. 47197 … < t < 8. 51917 … (A1)

attempts to calculate the total amount of time (M1)

5π 4π
3(2. 2359 … − 1. 1887 …) (= 3(( − 3) − ( − 3)))
3 3

= 3. 14 (= π) (weeks) A1

[6 marks]
17. [Maximum mark: 13] 21N.2.SL.TZ0.8
The height of water, in metres, in Dungeness harbour is modelled by the function
H (t) = a sin(b(t − c)) + d, where t is the number of hours after midnight, and a, b, c and d are

constants, where a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0.

The following graph shows the height of the water for 13 hours, starting at midnight.

The first high tide occurs at 04 : 30 and the next high tide occurs 12 hours later. Throughout the day, the
height of the water fluctuates between 2. 2 m and 6. 8 m.

All heights are given correct to one decimal place.

(a) Show that b =

π
. [1]
6

Markscheme

2π 2π
12 =
b
OR b =
12
A1

π
b =
6
AG

[1 mark]

(b) Find the value of a. [2]

Markscheme

a =
6.8−2.2

2
OR a =
max−min

2
(M1)

= 2. 3 (m) A1
 [2 marks]

(c) Find the value of d. [2]

Markscheme

d =
6.8+2.2

2
OR d =
max+min

2
(M1)

= 4. 5 (m) A1

[2 marks]

(d) Find the smallest possible value of c. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

substituting t = 4. 5 and H = 6. 8 for example into their equation for H (A1)

π
6. 8 = 2. 3 sin( (4. 5 − c)) + 4. 5
6

attempt to solve their equation (M1)

c = 1. 5 A1

METHOD 2

12
using horizontal translation of 4
(M1)

4. 5 − c = 3 (A1)

c = 1. 5 A1

METHOD 3

π π
H ′(t) = (2. 3)(
6
) cos(
6
(t − c)) (A1)

attempts to solve their H ′(4. 5) = 0 for c (M1)

 π π
(2. 3)( ) cos( (4. 5 − c)) = 0
6 6

c = 1. 5 A1

[3 marks]

(e) Find the height of the water at 12 : 00. [2]

Markscheme

attempt to find H when t = 12 or t = 0, graphically or algebraically (M1)

H = 2. 87365 …

H = 2. 87 (m) A1

[2 marks]

(f ) Determine the number of hours, over a 24-hour period, for which the tide is higher than
5 metres. [3]

Markscheme

π
attempt to solve 5 = 2. 3 sin(
6
(t − 1. 5)) + 4. 5 (M1)

times are t = 1. 91852 … and

t = 7. 08147 … , (t = 13. 9185 … , t = 19. 0814 …) (A1)

total time is 2 × (7. 081 … − 1. 919 …)

10. 3258 …

= 10. 3 (hours) A1

Note: Accept 10.

[3 marks]
18. [Maximum mark: 14] 20N.2.SL.TZ0.S_8
The following diagram shows a water wheel with centre O and radius 10 metres. Water flows into
buckets, turning the wheel clockwise at a constant speed.

The height, h metres, of the top of a bucket above the ground t seconds after it passes through point A is
modelled by the function

π π
h(t) = 13 + 8 cos( t) − 6 sin( t), for t ≥ 0.
18 18

(a.i) Find the height of point A above the ground. [2]

Markscheme

valid approach (M1)

π π
eg h(0), 13 + 8 cos(
18
× 0) − 6 sin(
18
× 0), 13 + 8 × 1 − 6 × 0

21 (metres) A1 N2

[2 marks]
(a.ii) Calculate the number of seconds it takes for the water wheel to complete one rotation. [2]

Markscheme

valid approach to find the period (seen anywhere) (M1)

eg (36, 21), attempt to find two consecutive max/min, 50. 3130 − 14. 3130

2π 2π
π , b = ,
period
/18

36 (seconds) (exact) A1 N2

[2 marks]

(a.iii) Hence find the number of rotations the water wheel makes in one hour. [2]

Markscheme

correct approach (A1)

eg 60×60

36
, 1. 6666 rotations per minute

100 (rotations) A1 N2

[2 marks]

A bucket moves around to point B which is at a height of 4. 06 metres above the ground. It takes k
seconds for the top of this bucket to go from point A to point B.

(b) Find k. [3]

Markscheme

correct substitution into equation (accept the use of t) (A1)

π π
eg 4. 06 = 13 + 8 cos(
18
× k) − 6 sin(
18
× k)

valid attempt to solve their equation (M1)

eg

11. 6510
 11. 7 A1 N3

[3 marks]

The chord [AB] is 17. 0 metres, correct to three significant figures.

(c) Find AOB

ˆ
. [3]

Markscheme

METHOD 1

evidence of choosing the cosine rule or sine rule (M1)

ˆ ˆ
sin(AOB) sin(OAB)
2 2 2 ˆ
eg AB = OA + OB − 2 × OA × OB cos(AOB),
AB
=
OB

correct working (A1)

π 1
2 2 2
sin(AÔB) sin( − AÔB)
2 2

eg cos(AÔB) =
10 +10 −17.0

2×10×10
, − 0. 445,
17.0
=
10
,

ˆ ˆ
sin(OAB) sin(π−2×OAB)

=
10 17.0

2. 03197 , 116. 423°

2. 03 (116°) A1 N3

METHOD 2

attempt to find the half central angle (M1)

1
AB
eg sin(
1

2
AÔB) =
2

OA

correct working (A1)

eg 2 × sin
−1
(
8.5

10
)

2. 03197 , 116. 423°

2. 03 (116°) A1 N3

METHOD 3
 valid approach to find fraction of period (M1)

eg
k 11.6510
,
36 36

correct approach to find angle (A1)

eg
k
× 2π
36

2. 03348, 116. 510° (2. 04203 using 11. 7)

2. 03 (117°) A1 N3

[3 marks]

(d) Determine the rate of change of h when the top of the bucket is at B. [2]

Markscheme

recognizing rate of change is h′ (M1)

eg h′(k), h′(11. 6510) , 0. 782024

−0. 782024 (−0. 768662 from 3 sf )

rate of change is −0. 782 (ms

−1
) A1 N2

(−0. 769 (ms

−1
) from 3 sf )

[2 marks]
19. [Maximum mark: 15] 18M.2.SL.TZ1.S_10
Let f (x) = 12 cos x − 5 sin x, −π ⩽ x ⩽ 2π, be a periodic function with
f (x) = f (x + 2π)

The following diagram shows the graph of f .

There is a maximum point at A. The minimum value of f is −13 .

(a) Find the coordinates of A. [2]

Markscheme

* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in
marking or structure.

−0.394791,13

A(−0.395, 13) A1A1 N2

[2 marks]

(b.i) For the graph of f , write down the amplitude. [1]

Markscheme

13 A1 N1
 [1 mark]

(b.ii) For the graph of f , write down the period. [1]

Markscheme

2π, 6.28 A1 N1

[1 mark]

(c) Hence, write f (x) in the form p cos (x + r). [3]

Markscheme

valid approach (M1)

eg recognizing that amplitude is p or shift is r

f (x) = 13 cos (x + 0.395) (accept p = 13, r = 0.395) A1A1 N3

Note: Accept any value of r of the form 0.395 + 2πk, k ∈ Z

[3 marks]

A ball on a spring is attached to a fixed point O. The ball is then pulled down and released, so that it moves
back and forth vertically.
The distance, d centimetres, of the centre of the ball from O at time t seconds, is given by

d (t) = f (t) + 17, 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 5.

(d) Find the maximum speed of the ball. [3]

Markscheme

recognizing need for d ′(t) (M1)

eg −12 sin(t) − 5 cos(t)

correct approach (accept any variable for t) (A1)

eg −13 sin(t + 0.395), sketch of d′, (1.18, −13), t = 4.32

maximum speed = 13 (cms−1) A1 N2

[3 marks]

(e) Find the first time when the ball’s speed is changing at a rate of 2 cm s−2. [5]

Markscheme

recognizing that acceleration is needed (M1)

eg a(t), d "(t)

correct equation (accept any variable for t) (A1)

eg a (t)
d ′
= −2, (d (t)) = 2, −12 cos (t) + 5 sin (t) = −2
dt

valid attempt to solve their equation (M1)

eg sketch, 1.33

1.02154

1.02 A2 N3

[5 marks]
20. [Maximum mark: 3] 19M.1.SL.TZ2.S_7
Consider the graph of the function f (x) = 2 sin x, 0 ≤ x < 2π . The graph of f intersects the line
y = −1 exactly twice, at point A and point B. This is shown in the following diagram.

(b) Consider the graph of g (x) = 2 sin px, 0 ≤ x < 2π, where p > 0.

Find the greatest value of p such that the graph of g does not intersect the line y = −1. [3]

Markscheme

recognizing period of g is larger than the period of f (M1)

eg sketch of g with larger period (may be seen on diagram), A at x = 2π,

7π 7π
image of A when x > 2π,
6
→ 2π, 2 sin (2πp) = −1,
6
× k = 2π

correct working (A1)

7π 1 7π 12
eg 6
⋅
p
= 2π, 2πp =
6
, 7

p =
7

12
(accept p <
7

12
or p ⩽
7

12
) A1 N2

[3 marks]

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