Pr1.q3.Qualitative Research
Pr1.q3.Qualitative Research
Pr1.q3.Qualitative Research
AND
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
LOOK ON THE
COMIC STRIP
BELOW. CAN
YOU
DISTINGUISH
THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE
TWO PANELS?
2/12/2024 2
• Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Cristobal &
Cristobal, 2017)
• There are two broad categories of research methodology:
quantitative research and qualitative research. The
method to be used in conducting a research will determine
the approach the researcher takes in identifying relevant
data and collecting and analyzing the information gathered
in the research. Choosing either a quantitative or qualitative
approach will affect the components of the research.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• contact time – the period when the researcher interacts with the research
subjects or participants to obtain relevant information
• hypothesis – a statement usually predicting the relationship between
variables that can be tested by scientific research
• outlier – a statistical observation in a set of data that is inconsistent with the
majority of the data
• output replicability – capable of repetition, imitation or reproduction
• research instrument – a measurement tool designed to obtain, measure and
analyze data from research subjects around the research topic
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• sample size – the number of subjects to be taken from the target population of
the study
• trend – an assumed development in the future that will have a long-term and
lasting effect; prevailing style or preference
• validity – the functional quality of research instrument on obtaining data and
producing results based on the purpose of the study
• variable – any characteristic that can have different values or traits that may
vary across research participants
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Aims to characterize trends and patterns
• Usually starts with either a theory or hypothesis
about the relationship between two or more
variables
• Uses structured research instruments like
questionnaires or schedules
• Uses large sample sizes that are representatives of
the population
• Has high output replicability
• Used to gain greater understanding of group
similarities
• Uses structured processes
• Methods include census, survey, experiment, and
secondary analysis
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Involves processes, feelings, and motives (the why’s and the
how’s) and produces in-depth and holistic data
• Usually concerned with generating hypothesis from data
rather than testing a hypothesis
• Uses either unstructured or semi structured instruments
• Uses small sample sizes chosen purposely
• Has high validity
• Used to gain greater understanding of individual
differences in terms of feelings, motives, and experiences
• Uses more flexible processes
• Methods include field research, case study, and secondary
analysis
“HOW SATISFIED ARE STUDENTS WITH THEIR
STUDIES?”
• QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• You may survey 250 students at your school and ask them a
question, “On a scale from 1-5, how satisfied are you with your
studies?” Then, you can perform statistical analysis on the data and
draw conclusions such as: “On average, students rated their studies
4.1”.
“HOW SATISFIED ARE STUDENTS WITH THEIR
STUDIES?”
• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• You may conduct in-depth interviews with 15 students and ask them
open-ended questions such as: “How satisfied are you with your
studies?”, “What is the most positive aspect of your study
program?”, and “What can be done to improve the study program?”
Based on their answers, you can ask follow-up questions to clarify
things. Furthermore, you can transcribe all interviews and try to
find patterns and commonalities
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
ETHNOGRAPHIC
GROUNDED THEORY
CASE STUDY
HISTORICAL
NARRATIVE
PHENOMENOLOGICAL.
This kind of qualitative research focuses on subjective lived
experiences of the participants in order to understand
phenomenon. Here, the researcher is concerned with the
feelings of the participants regarding a particular event or
activity, hence, the uniqueness of their lived situations can be
described. Interview is the common instrument used for its
data collection with the suggested sample size ranging from 5
to 25.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL.
• A researcher aims to determine the challenges and coping
mechanisms of senior high school working students in the
second district of Bataan.
• A researcher aims to explain the lived experiences of the
COVID-19 survivors in the province of Butuan.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL.
“Experiences of Filipino Nurses Working Abroad: A
Phenomenological Study” (Santos, M.C., & Garcia, A. L.
2017)
“Understanding Filipino Transgender Women’s
Experiences of Discrimination: A Phenomenological
Study” (Reyes, M.T., & Ramos, A.L. 2018)
ETHNOGRAPHIC
It is a kind of qualitative research which concentrates on the
study of a group of people in a particular environment. To
characterize behaviors, cultures, challenges, and possible
occurring themes, the researcher is required to engage
himself/herself with the participants through immersion in
an extended period of time. Observation, along with the use
of interview and survey, is an essential instrument for this
type of study
ETHNOGRAPHIC
• A researcher seeks to determine the cultural practices and
healthcare beliefs of the ethnic group living in Batanes
province.
• A researcher seeks to characterize the survival strategies of
families in an urban poor community.
ETHNOGRAPHIC
Becoming a Scientist: An Ethnography of a Filipino
Physics Laboratory (de la Rosa, J.L. 2011)