Variable DC Power Using Full Bridge Converter

EXP NO: DATE
VARIABLE DC POWER USING FULL BRIDGE CONVERTER
AIM:
1. To study a triggering circuit suitable for single-phase converters and study the design and
operation of ac-dc (open loop) power supply.
2. To study the effect of the filter on the source current and observe the following
waveforms for α=540 with and without a filter.
I. AC input voltage and current.
II. Output voltage ripple
COMPONENTS AND APPARATUS:
Sl
No: ITEMS DESCRIPTION Nos
1 Single phase full bridge converter Kit 1
2 Digital Multimeter,3 ½ digits 1
3 Dual-trace Oscilloscope 1
4 Probe 1:1 1
5 Transformer, 230/110V 1
6 Inductance 0.4mH 1
7 Capacitor 1000 µF, 250V 1
THEORY:
Generation of gating pulses:
The generation of gating signals for phase controlled converters and ac voltage controllers
essentially consists of detection of zero crossing of the input voltage, generation of a ramp from
the start of the zero crossings, comparison of the ramp signal with a control signal to obtain the
pulses with reference to the zero crossings of the ac signal, generation of pulses of required
widths and isolation and amplification of the pulses.
3
1 2 4 5
ZERO CROSSING RAMP VTRI
GENERATOR COMPARATOR MONOSTABLE
DETECTOR
Vsyn
AC VZCD VC Vcomp VMONO
Input
Vdc
R1 TO
DRIVER
R2 6
ASTABLE
VSTABLE
Fig. 1. Generation of gating signal for full converter

A circuit to generate pulses suitable for single-phase converters and AC phase controllers is
shown in Fig. 1. The circuit generates two pulses for the two diagonally opposite thyristor T1 and
T2 of the single-phase full bridge.
FILTER DESIGN FOR DC POWER SUPPLY:

The equivalent circuit for the harmonics is shown in Fig. 2.
Le
Converter Ce Load
Fig. 2. Filter circuit
To make it easier for the nth harmonic ripple current to pass through the filter capacitor the load
impedance must be much greater than that of the capacitor. That is
1
√𝑅2 + (𝑛𝐿𝑒 )2 ≫
𝑛𝐶𝑒
The relation generally satisfies this condition
10
√𝑅2 + (𝑛𝐿𝑒 )2 =
𝑛𝐶𝑒
and under this condition, the effect of the load will be negligible. The harmonic component at the
output in case of a full bridge circuit is the 2nd harmonic, thus the value of the filter capacitor Ce
is calculated from
10
√𝑅2 + (2𝐿𝑒 )2 =
2𝐶𝑒
The load resistance and inductance considered for calculation are, R= 40Ω and L=10mH, which
will result a capacitor value,
10
𝐶𝑒 = = 393µ𝐹
4𝑓√𝑅2 + (4𝑓𝐿𝑒 )2
This filter design is carried out by considering a ripple factor of 0.1,
𝑉𝑎𝑐 𝑉02 𝑉2ℎ 1 √2 1

𝑅𝐹 = = = = | | = 0.1
𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑉𝑑𝑐 (4𝑓) 𝐿𝑒 𝐶𝑒 − 1
2 3 (4𝑓) 𝐿𝑒 𝐶𝑒 − 1
2
The resulting inductance value is

(4𝑓)2 𝐿𝑒 𝐶𝑒 − 1 = 4.714 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑒 = 36.83𝑚𝐻
Observations to be made:
Observe the following waveforms of the control circuit for various triggering angles (α) and plot
them for two α values (say one <90o, one>90o).
1. AC Input reference voltage, ZCD output, Ramp, control voltage and a comparator output,
Monostable output, Astable output and AND gate output. Pulse transformer primary
voltage and triggering signals for T1 to T4.
2. Observe and plot the following waveforms of the power circuit for two values of
triggering angles. (one for CCM and another for DCM)
a. Converter output voltage, converter output current, the current through T1, T3 and
source current with reference to the Bridge input voltage.
3. For the given R load with and without LC filter, observe the peak to peak and rms ripple
in the load voltage, from the waveform of the output voltage of the converter and source
current waveform.
Fig. 3. Triggering signal generator circuit.

Fig. 4. Waveforms of Triggering signal generator circuit
Fig. 5. Transformer coupled pulse amplifier

Fig. 6. Power Circuit of Single phase full bridge converter with LC filter
RESULT:
1. The frequency of the ZCD output is _________ and the frequency of Mono stable output
is ____________
2. The frequency Astable output is ____________.
3. The magnitude of Vc for α = 54o is __________ and a Vc of 4.5V results _______ α value.
4. What is the reason for the high-frequency carrier mixing with the monostable output?
5. Why are pulse transformers used?
6. Average converter output voltage for α = 54ois ___________, and the peak-to-peak ripple
in the output voltage is __________.
7. Comment on the shape of the source current with and without output filter.
INFERENCE:

Variable DC Power Using Full Bridge Converter

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EXP NO: DATE

VARIABLE DC POWER USING FULL BRIDGE CONVERTER

COMPONENTS AND APPARATUS:

Generation of gating pulses:

Fig. 1. Generation of gating signal for full converter

FILTER DESIGN FOR DC POWER SUPPLY:

Fig. 2. Filter circuit

The relation generally satisfies this condition

This filter design is carried out by considering a ripple factor of 0.1,

𝑉𝑎𝑐 𝑉02 𝑉2ℎ 1 √2 1

The resulting inductance value is

Fig. 3. Triggering signal generator circuit.

Fig. 5. Transformer coupled pulse amplifier

5. Why are pulse transformers used?

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