Designation: A105/A105M − 12 Endorsed by

Manufacturers Standardization Society

of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A105/A105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has
2 been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in
pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and 2. Referenced Documents
similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forg- apply to this specification:
ings made to this specification are limited to a maximum

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2.2 ASTM Standards:3

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weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered
to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylin- A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
drical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included Pressure Vessel Components
within the scope of this specification. Although this specifica- A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
tion covers some piping components machined from rolled bar Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
and seamless tubular products (see 4.2), it does not cover raw A696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or
material produced in these product forms. Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Com-
ponents
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply quirements
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel Piping Applications
bars. 2.3 MSS Standards:
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges4
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable 2.4 ASME Standards:
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI Flanged Fittings5
units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings5
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; rous Valves5
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded5
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End5
conformance with the standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A105/A105M–11a. hq.com.
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0105_A0105M-12. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-105 in Section II of that Code. www.asme.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A105/A105M − 12
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges5 6. Chemical Composition
2.5 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: 6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements
Section IX Welding Qualifications5 specified in Table 1.
2.6 API Standards:
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves6 6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for
7. Mechanical Properties
Refinery Use6
7.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property
3. Ordering Information requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.
3.1 See Specification A961/A961M. 7.2 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 12.2). and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen
shall correspond to the 1⁄4 T plane or deeper position, where T
4. General Requirements is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T from any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase second heat-treated surface. When section thickness does not
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification permit this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica- near as possible to the prescribed location.
tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this 7.3 Tension Tests:
specification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification 7.3.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of
shall prevail. as-forged components.
4.2 Except as permitted by Section 6 in Specification 7.3.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating
A961/A961M, the finished product shall be a forging as charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each

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defined in the Terminology Section of Specification A788/ heat shall be tested.
A788M. 7.3.2.1 When the heat-treating temperatures are the same
and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are con-
5. Heat Treatment trolled within 625 °F [614 °C] and equipped with recording
5.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are
specification except for the following piping components: available, then one tension test from each heat is required
5.1.1 Flanges above Class 300,7 instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment
5.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at charge. The test specimen material shall be included with a
the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature rat- furnace charge.
ings of Class 300, Group 1.1, 7.3.3 Testing shall be performed as specified in Specifica-
5.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or tion A961/A961M. The largest feasible round specimen shall
design temperature are not known, be used except when hollow cylindrically shaped parts are
5.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet machined from seamless tubulars. When hollow cylindrically
both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above shaped parts are machined from seamless tubular materials,
Class 300, and strip tests may be used.
5.1.5 Piping components of Special Class8 other than 7.3.4 Forgings too small to permit obtaining a subsize
flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS specimen of 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] diameter or larger parallel to
4 and ( 2) when the working pressure at the operating
temperature exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300,
Group 1.1. TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
5.2 Heat treatment, when required by 5.1 shall be annealing, NOTE 1—For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon
normalizing, or normalizing and tempering or quenching and maximum (0.35 %), an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified
tempering in accordance with Specification A961/A961M. maximum (1.05 %) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.65 %.
5.2.1 Quenching shall consist of either (1) fully austenitiz- Element Composition, %
ing the forgings followed by quenching in a suitable liquid Carbon 0.35 max
Manganese 0.60–1.05
medium or (2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the Phosphorus 0.035 max
forgings are first fully austenitized and rapidly cooled, then Sulfur 0.040 max
reheated to partially reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a Silicon 0.10–0.35
Copper 0.40 maxA
suitable liquid medium. All quenched forgings shall be tem- Nickel 0.40 maxA
pered as prescribed in Specification A961/A961M. Chromium 0.30 maxA,B
Molybdenum 0.12 maxA,B
Vanadium 0.08 max
6
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, A
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not
Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org. exceed 1.00 %.
7 B
For definition of Class 300, see ASME B16.5. The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.
8
For definition of special class, see ASME B16.34.

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 A105/A105M − 12
TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsA tested with one reading from each forging. When only one
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 70 [485] forging is produced, it shall be tested in two locations.
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]B 36 [250]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:
7.4.2 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini-
Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] 30 mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or
and over in thickness, strip tests. continuous run as defined in 7.3.2.1 to ensure that forgings are
When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length or 22
smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gage
within the hardness limits given in Table 2. When only one
length equal to 4D is used forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested in two locations
For strip tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32 -in. [0.8-mm] 1.50C to ensure it is within the hardness limits given in Table 2.
decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm]
from the basic minimum elongation 7.4.3 Testing shall be as specified in Specification A961/
of the percentage points of Table 3 A961M. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has
Reduction of area, min, %D 30 been met by testing at any location on the forging, provided
Hardness, HBW, max 187
A
such testing does not render the forging useless.
For small forgings, see 7.3.4.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load
method. 8. Hydrostatic Tests
C
See Table 3 for computed minimum values.
D
For round specimens only. 8.1 Such tests shall be conducted by the forging manufac-
turer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 in Specifi-
cation A961/A961M is specified.

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TABLE 3 Computed Minimum Values
Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 9. Retreatment
in. mm mm, min, %
9.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to
⁄
5 16 (0.312) 7.9 30.00 the requirement specified, the manufacturer may heat treat or
9⁄32 (0.281) 7.1 28.50
1⁄ 4 (0.250) 6.4 27.00 reheat treat the forgings as applicable and repeat the test
7⁄32 (0.219) 5.6 25.50 specified in Section 7.
3⁄16 (0.188) 4.8 24.00
5⁄32 (0.156) 4.0 22.50
1⁄ 8 (0.125) 3.2 21.00 10. Repair by Welding
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.4 19.50
1⁄16 (0.062) 1.6 18.00
10.1 Repair of defects by the manufacturer is permissible
for forgings made to dimensional standards such as those of
Note—The above table gives the computed minimum elongation values for ASME or for other parts made for stock by the manufacturer.
each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies Prior approval of the purchaser is required to repair-weld
between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value is determined by
the following equation: special forgings made to the purchaser’s requirements.
E 5 48T115.00 10.2 Weld repairs shall be made by a process that does not
produce undesirably high levels of hydrogen in the welded
where: areas.
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and 10.3 All forgings repaired by welding shall be post-weld
T = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].
heat treated between 1100 °F [593 °C] and the lower transfor-
mation temperature for a minimum of 1⁄2 h/in. [1⁄2 h/25.4 mm]
of maximum section thickness, or alternatively annealed,
normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. If the
the dimension of maximum working, and produced in equip-
forging was not previously heat treated, the original tempering
ment unsuitable for the production of a separately forged test
temperature was exceeded, or the forging was fully heat treated
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bar such as an automatic or semi-automatic press, may be

in the post weld cycle, then the forging shall be tested in
accepted on the basis of hardness only. One percent of the
accordance with Section 7 on completion of the cycle.
forgings per lot (see Note 2), or ten forgings, whichever is the
lesser number, shall be selected at random, prepared, and tested 10.4 The mechanical properties of the procedure-
using the standard Brinell test. The locations of the indenta- qualification weldment shall, when tested in accordance with
tions shall be at the option of the manufacturer but shall be Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
selected to be representative of the forging as a whole. One conform with the requirements listed in Table 2 for the thermal
indentation per forging shall be required but additional inden- condition of repair-welded forgings.
tations may be made to establish the representative hardness.
The hardness of all forgings so tested shall be 137 to 187 HBW 11. Rejection and Rehearing
inclusive. 11.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during
NOTE 2—A lot is defined as the product from a mill heat or if heat shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-
treated, the product of a mill heat per furnace charge. facturer notified.
7.4 Hardness Tests:
7.4.1 Two hardness tests shall be made for each heat of 12. Certification
as-forged components. When more than one forging is pro- 12.1 Identification Marking—For forgings made to specified
duced from each heat, a minimum of two forgings shall be dimensions, when agreed upon by the purchaser, and for

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 A105/A105M − 12
forgings made to dimensional standards, application of identi- 13.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with the
fication marks as required in Specification A961/A961M shall letter “W” following this specification number.
be the certification that the forgings have been furnished in
accordance with the requirements of this specification. The 13.3 When test reports are required for larger products, the
specification designation included on test reports shall include markings shall consist of the manufacturer’s symbol or name,
year date and revision letter, if any. this specification number, and such other markings as neces-
sary to identify the part with the test report (13.1 and 13.2 shall
12.2 Test Reports—When test reports are required, the apply). The specification number marked on the forgings need
manufacturer shall also provide the following, where appli-
not include specification year date and revision letter.
cable:
12.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 5, 13.4 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in
12.2.2 Tensile property results, Section 7 (Table 2), report Specification A961/A961M and 13.3, bar coding is acceptable
the yield strength and tensile strength, in ksi [MPa], elongation as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
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and reduction in area, in percent; and, if longitudinal strip specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
tension specimens are used, report the width of the gage length, The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
12.2.3 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 1). Re- supplier, should be consistent with one of the published

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ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures industry standards for bar coding. If used on small parts, the
as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element. bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied
12.2.4 Hardness results, Section 7 (Table 2), a minimum of tag.
two readings, and
12.2.5 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase
14. Keywords
order.
14.1 pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure con-
13. Product Marking taining parts; steel flanges; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves;
13.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered, the temperature service applications, elevated; temperature service
letters “QT” shall be stamped on the forgings following this applications, high
specification number.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order.

S1. Hardness S3. Marking Small Forgings

S1.1 The purchaser may check the hardness of any or all S3.1 For small products where the space for marking is less
forgings supplied at any location on the forging and the than 1 in. [25 mm] in any direction, test reports are mandatory
hardness shall be 137 to 187 HBW. All forgings not within the and marking may be restricted to only such symbols or codes
specified hardness range shall be rejected. as are necessary to identify the parts with test reports.
S2. Heat Treatment S3.2 When the configuration or size does not permit mark-
S2.1 All forgings shall be heat treated as specified by the ing directly on the forging, the marking method shall be a
purchaser. matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
S2.2 When forgings not requiring heat treatment by 5.1 are chaser.
supplied heat treated by purchaser request, the basis for
determining conformance with Table 2 and Table 3 shall be S4. Carbon Equivalent
hardness testing per 7.4 and either (1) tensile testing of heat
S4.1 The maximum carbon equivalent, based on heat
treated forgings per 7.2, or (2) tensile tests from as-forged
forgings or separately forged test blanks, as agreed upon analysis, shall be 0.47 for forgings with a maximum section
between the supplier and purchaser. thickness of 2 in. or less, and 0.48 for forgings with a
S2.3 When test reports are required, and tensile test results maximum section thickness of greater than 2 in.
were obtained from as-forged forgings or as-forged test blanks, S4.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
it shall be so indicated on the test report. CE 5 C1Mn/61 ~ Cr1Mo1V ! /51 ~ Ni1Cu! /15
S2.4 In addition to the marking required by Section 13, this
specification shall be followed by the letter: A for annealed, N S4.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
for normalized, NT for normalized and tempered, or QT for upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
quenched and tempered, as appropriate.

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 A105/A105M − 12

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–11a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 1, 2012)

(1) Revised 1.4 to parallel the wording of Guide A994 (4) Revised the units in Table 2 from psi to ksi and removed the
6.2.3.2(2). superfluous zeroes in the inch-pound units.
(2) Deleted the redundant 1.5. (5) Revised the wording of 12.2.2.
(3) Revised to reinstate multiple quenching as a heat treat
option in Section 5.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–11, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved December 1, 2011)

(1) Revised the subtitle note of Table 1 to increase the

maximum manganese limit.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–10a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved July 1, 2011)

(1) Deleted references to Test Methods and Definitions A370

throughout.

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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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