Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 161 views

    Cambridge Lower Secondary ICT Level 7 Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    عالم الضحك100
    This document provides an overview of number systems, including the decimal and binary systems. It discusses that the decimal system uses 10 digits and is based on powers of 10, while the binary system uses two digits, 0 and 1, and is based on powers of 2. It also defines common digital units like bits, bytes, and explains how to convert between decimal and binary numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cambridge Lower Secondary ICT Level 7 Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    عالم الضحك100
    161 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of number systems, including the decimal and binary systems. It discusses that the decimal system uses 10 digits and is based on powers of 10, while the binary system uses two digits, 0 and 1, and is based on powers of 2. It also defines common digital units like bits, bytes, and explains how to convert between decimal and binary numbers.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an overview of number systems, including the decimal and binary systems. It discusses that the decimal system uses 10 digits and is based on powers of 10, while the binary system uses two digits, 0 and 1, and is based on powers of 2. It also defines common digital units like bits, bytes, and explains how to convert between decimal and binary numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    161 views4 pages

    Cambridge Lower Secondary ICT Level 7 Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    عالم الضحك100
    This document provides an overview of number systems, including the decimal and binary systems. It discusses that the decimal system uses 10 digits and is based on powers of 10, while the binary system uses two digits, 0 and 1, and is based on powers of 2. It also defines common digital units like bits, bytes, and explains how to convert between decimal and binary numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    Cambridge lower secondary

    ICT Level 7

    Unit 2: The Numbers system (part 1)


    I. Introduction:

    The number system is a method of representing numbers using symbols called digits or the
    value of a digit depends on the position it occupies in a number.
    Principle of a base:
    The base is the number used to define a number system.
    The base of the decimal system is ten (10) while that of the octal system is eight (8).

    II. Decimal System:

    The decimal system is the one in which we are most accustomed to writing.
    The decimal system is made up of 10 digits (symbols) [0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9] any number is
    written in the decimal system check the following relationship.

    the weights 2 1 0
    1 2 5(10) = (1×102) + (2×101) + (5×100)
    The exponent is called the weight.

    Each digit of the number must be multiplied by a power of 10, this is what we call the weight
    of the digit.
    According to this example, the number 5 which is on the right corresponds to 0 and is said to
    be the digit of the lowest weight.
    The number 1 which is on the left corresponds to 2 and is said to be the number of the
    highest weight.

    III. The binary system


    A\- Presentation:
    Towards the end of the 1930s, Claude Shannon demonstrated that using closed and open
    switches (that is to say the current passes or the current does not pass), one could carry out
    logical operations, giving the number 1 for closed circuit (i.e. current passes) and the number
    0 for open circuit (i.e. current does not flow)
    This language is called Binary language, it is the operating language of computers, it allows
    the use of the two digits 0 and 1 to compose numbers.

    P r. B o u k e n t a r Page 1|4
    Cambridge lower secondary
    ICT Level 7

    B\- Bits:
    Meaning: Bit means Binary Digit i.e. 0 or 1 in binary numbering
    Definition:
    The bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer can manipulate
    C\-The Byte:
    The byte is a unit of information made up of 8 bits, it allows you to store a character, such as
    a letter or a number. This grouping of numbers by series of 8 allows greater readability, we
    notice the same thing in decimal base when we group numbers by series of three to be able
    to distinguish hundreds, thousands, etc.
    The number 1 256 426(10) is more readable than 1256426(10)

    Bit

    Digit = 4 bits

    1 Byte = 8 bits = 2digits

    ❖ A unit of information composed of 8 Bits is generally called: BYTE.


    ❖ A unit of information composed of 16 Bits is generally called: WORD.
    ❖ A unit of information composed of 32 Bits is generally called: DWORD.
    ❖ A unit of information composed of 64 Bits is generally called: QWORD.

    P r. B o u k e n t a r Page 2|4
    Cambridge lower secondary
    ICT Level 7

    D\- Units of measurement of information size and memory capacity:


    1 Byte = 8 Bits
    1 kilo byte = 210 = 1024 byte
    1 Mega byte = 220 = 1024 kilo byte = 1048 576 bytes.
    1 Giga byte = 230 = 1024 Mega byte= 1073741 824 bytes.
    1 Tera byte = 240 = 1024 Giga byte = 109 951 162 776 bytes.

    E\- Conversion Principles:


    1) Transition from the Decimal system to the Binary system:
    Principle:
    To translate a Decimal number to the Binary system, you must perform a series of divisions
    by base 2 until you have 0 in the quotient and read the remainders from the digit of the
    highest weight to the digit of the lowest weight.
    Example:
    P r. B o u k e n t a r Page 3|4
    Cambridge lower secondary
    ICT Level 7

    128(10) ÷ 2 = 64 remainder 0 the digit of the lowest weight


    64 ÷ 2 = 32 remainder 0
    32 ÷ 2 = 16 remainder 0
    16 ÷ 2 = 8 remainder 0
    8÷2 = 4 remainder 0
    4÷2 = 2 remainder 0
    2÷2 = 1 remainder 0
    1÷2 = 0 remainder 1 the digit of the highest weight

    128(10) = 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0(2)

    2) Transition from the Binary system to the Decimal system:


    Principle:
    To translate a Binary number to the Decimal system, you must multiply each binary digit by
    the power of 2 assigned to its weight.
    Example:
    3 2 1 0
    1 0 1 1(2) = (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20) = 11(10)

    P r. B o u k e n t a r Page 4|4

    You might also like