02 Practical Research 1 - Characteristics, Processes and Ethics of Research
02 Practical Research 1 - Characteristics, Processes and Ethics of Research
02 Practical Research 1 - Characteristics, Processes and Ethics of Research
Lesson 2
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIVES
3. Formulate hypothesis.
- A hypothesis is a theoretical statement in solving a logical relationship between
variables. It should be based on the problem being solved.
The researcher hypothesizes that the implementation of English-Only Policy (EOP) in the
classroom can improve the English language proficiency of Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime
students.
5. Collect data.
- Use an appropriate data collection method to elicit the needed information.
The researcher collects data through interview and focus group discussion.
6. Analyze data.
- Utilize strategies and methods that make sense of the data to answer the research
problem.
The researcher analyzes the data by drawing patterns and themes from the generated
data.
2. Objectivity
- The researcher should avoid being biased. The study should not be influenced by
his/her personal motives, beliefs, and opinions.
3. Integrity
- The researcher should establish credibility through the consistency of his/her
thought and action. He/she should act with sincerity especially on keeping
agreements.
4. Care
- The researcher should never neglect even the smallest detail of the study. All
information should be critically examined. Records of research activities should be
properly and securely kept.
5. Openness
- The researcher should be willing to accept criticisms and new ideas for the
betterment of the study. Research results and findings should be shared to the
public.
6. Respect for intellectual property
- The researcher should not plagiarize. Credit should be given to who or where it is
due. All authors cited and sources used in the study should be properly
acknowledged.
- Plagiarism refers to the act of illegally using another person’s ideas, works, processes,
and results. Thus, it constitutes claiming an intellectual property as one’s own that
can be penalized through Republic Act 8293 known as the Intellectual Property
Code of the Philippines.
7. Confidentiality
- The researcher should take steps to protect all confidential communications or
documents from being discovered by others.
8. Responsible publication
- The researcher should ensure that his/her work is clear, honest, complete, accurate,
and balanced, thus avoiding wasteful and duplicate publication. It should likewise
refrain from selective, misleading, or ambiguous reporting.
9. Responsible mentoring
- The researcher should teach responsible conduct of research and share
professional knowledge and skills especially to new or less experienced researchers.
12. Non-discrimination
- The researcher should not discriminate based on sex, race, ethnicity, or any factor
relating to scientific competence and integrity. Thus, research should be open to
all people or entities who will participate in research.
13. Competence
- The researcher should possess necessary knowledge and skills in conducting a study.
He/she should be equipped with a sense of professionalism and expertise to ensure
competent results.
14. Legality
- The researcher should know and abide by relevant laws, institutional and
government policies concerning the legal conduct of research.
2. Informed consent
- The research participants must be provided with sufficient information about the
procedures and risks involved in the research. It serves as an initial guide on why
and how the study will be conducted. Hence, the researcher must ensure that they
fully understood and agreed upon the study.
3. Risk of harm
- The research participants must be protected from any type of harm whether it may
be physical, psychological, social, or economic. The researcher must avoid,
prevent, or minimize threats especially when they are exposed and engaged in
invasive and risky procedures.
4. Confidentiality
- The research participants must be assured of their privacy particularly on personal
information. The researcher must secure that all information disclosed by them will
not be used without authorized access.
5. Anonymity
- The research participants must remain anonymous or unidentified throughout the
study even to the researchers themselves. They have the right to keep their identities
secret as they participate especially in case-sensitive studies.