Cem Güney Özveren
Cem Güney Özveren
Cem Güney Özveren
Anxiety
uncomfortable feeling that results from inner
conflicts between the primitive desires of the id
and the moral goals of the superego
id, superego conflict
ego caught in the middle
ego’s continuous negotiations to resolve conflict
causes anxious feelings
ego uses defense mechanisms to reduce the
anxious feelings
Narcissists
3 Types of Personality
• Rationalization
• involves covering up the true reasons for actions, thoughts,
or feelings by making up excuses and incorrect explanations
Denial
• Denial
• refusing to recognize some anxiety-provoking event or piece of
information that is clear to others
• Repression
• involves blocking and pushing unacceptable or threatening
thoughts, feelings, wishes, or experiences into the
unconscious
• Projection
• falsely and unconsciously attributes your own unacceptable
feelings, traits, or thoughts to individuals or objects
• Reaction formation
• involves substituting behaviors, thoughts, or feelings that are
the direct opposite of unacceptable ones
• Displacement
• involves transferring feelings about, or response to, an object
that causes anxiety to another person or object that is less
threatening
THE MIND
Id, ego, and superego
Id: pleasure seeker
first division of the mind to develop
contains two biological drives: sex and
aggression
id’s goal is to pursue pleasure and satisfy
the biological drives
Pleasure principle
id operates according to the pleasure
principle
satisfy drives and avoid pain, without
concern for moral restrictions or society’s
regulations
THE MIND (CONT.)
Reality principle
satisfying a wish or desire only if there is a
socially acceptable outlet available
Transactional Analysis (T.A.)
3 Ego States:
Parent
Adult
Child
We Can be:
Child
Adult
Impulsive
Demanding
Creative
P P
A A
Ego States C C
Nurturing
Parent Consoling, Sympathy, Advising, Guides, Taking Care Of
Natural
Child Playful, Impulsive, Curious, Creative, Fun, Rebel
P P
A A
Ego States C C
Critical
Parent
• Can’t you turn in a
report on time just
once?
• What? It takes 1
week to answer an
email?
• I’m surprised at you.
The quality of this
work is terrible.
P P
A A
Ego States C C
A A
Ego States C C
A A
Ego States C C
Adapted
Child
P P
A A
Ego States C C
Natural
Child
P P
A A
• Physical
• Furrowed brow, pursed lips, pointing
finger, head wagging, horrified look, foot
tapping, hands on hips, arms folded,
wringing hands, tongue licking, sighing,
patting another on the head, & other
individual ones
P P
A A
• Verbal
• Stupid, naughty, ridiculous, disgusting, shocking,
lazy, poor thing, sonny, honey, ridiculous,
disgusting, now what, not again,
• How dare you?
• I’m going to put a stop to this
• I can’t for the life of me..
• Now always remember..
• If I were you..
• How many times..
• The use of “always” & “never”
• The use of “should” & “ought”
P P
A A
• Physical
• Tears, quivering lips, pouting, temper
tantrum, high pitched whining, rolling eyes,
shrugging shoulders, downcast eyes,
teasing, laughter, delight, hand raising, nail
biting, squirming, giggling
P P
A A
• Verbal
• I wish, I want, I dunno, I don’t care, I
guess, when I grow up, bigger, biggest,
better, best, look no hands
• Why, what, where, who, when, & how are
the Adult operating in the little person
P P
A A
• Physical
• Continual movement of the face, eyes,
body
• Non movement is non listening – cultural?
• Head tilted is listening with an angle
• Adult allows the curious & excited child to
show it’s face
P P
A A
• Verbal
• Why, what, where, who, when, & how
• How much, in what way, true, false,
comparative, probable, possible, unknown,
objective, I think, I see, it is my opinion
P P
A A
Ego States C C
• Parent
• Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts) on things
such as: religion, dress, salespeople, traditions, work,
products, money, raising children, companies
• Nurturing views: sympathetic, caring views
• Critical views: fault finding, judgmental, condescending
views
• Adult
• Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based
on objective analysis of information (data, facts)
• Make decisions based on logic, computations,
probabilities, etc., not emotion
• Child
• Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns based
on child-like emotions, impulses, feelings we have
experienced
• Child-like examples: impulsive, self-centered, angry,
fearful, happy, pleasure seeking, rebellious, curious,
eager to please
P P
A A
Ego States C C
Think of a time when you were very unhappy with a service you
were receiving e.g. retail, hospitality, medical, etc.
• How did you respond to this?
• How were you treated?
• How was the situation resolved?
What is a ‘difficult’ client?
3 Kinds of Transaction:
• Complementary
• Crossed
• Ulterior
P P
A A
Transactions C C
Parent Parent
Parent Parent Parent Parent
Adult Adult
Adult Adult Adult Adult
Complementary:
‘What time is it?’
‘Three o’clock.’
Types of Transactions
Crossed:
‘What time is it?’
‘Forget about what time it is, get
that report finished.’
Types of Transactions (Con..)
Ulterior
‘What time is it?’
‘What time do you think it is?’
‘Beer o’clock?’
‘Exactly!’
P P
A A
Transactions - Ulterior C C
• Disguised Communication
• Non Verbal communication arrows
• May or may not be in conflict
• May or may not be communication breakdown