Differential Equations
Differential Equations
Differential Equations
Differential equations
3. Order: Order of a differential equation is the order of the highest order derivative
occurring in the differential equation.
5. Degree (when defined) of a differential equation is the highest power (positive integer
only) of the highest order derivative in it.
6. Solution: A function which satisfies the given differential equation is called its solution.
7. General Solution: The solution which contains as many arbitrary constants as the order
of the differential equation is called a general solution.
8. Particular Solution: The solution free from arbitrary constants is called particular
solution.
10. Variable Separable method: Variable separable method is used to solve such an
equation in which variables can be separated completely i.e., terms containing y should
remain with dy and terms containing x should remain with dx.
The order of a Differential Equations representing a It is the order of the highest order derivative occurring
family of curves is same as the number of arbitrary dy
in the Differential Equation For eg: the order of = ex
constants present in the equation corresponding to the 2 dx
d y
family of curves. For eg: Let the family of curves be is one and order of 2 + x = 0 is two.
y = mx, m = constant, then, y ' = m dx
dy dy
y = y'x ⇒ y = x ⇒ x – y = 0.
dx dx Differential Equation
ree of a
D eg
It is defined if the Differential Equations is a
A Differential Equation which can be expressed
dy dx polynomial equation in its derivatives, and is
in the form = f (x, y ) or
dx dy
= g (x, y ), Differential defined as the highest power (positive integer
where, f (x, y) and g (x , y) are homogeneous Equations only) of the highest order derivative.
functions of degree zero is called a homogenous 3
d 2 y dy
Differential Equation For eg: the degree of 2 + = 0 is three
2 2 2 dx dx
For eg : x + xy dy = x + y dx
( ) ( ) Order and degree (if defined) of a D.E. are always
y positive integers.
To solve this, we substitute = v ⇒ y = vx.
x
Important Questions
Multiple Choice questions-
1. The degree of the differential equation:
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 1
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) 0
3. The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a differential equation of fourth
order is:
(a) 0
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4.
4. The number of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of a differential equation of third
order is:
(a) 3
(b) 2
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(c) 1
(d) 0.
5. Which of the following differential equations has y = c 1 ex + c2 e-x as the general solution?
(a) +y=0
(b) –y=0
(c) +1=0
(d) –1=0
6. Which of the following differential equations has y = x as one of its particular solutions?
(a) – x² + xy = x
(b) +x + xy = x
(c) – x² + xy = 0
(d) +x + xy = 0
(a) ex + e-y = c
(b) ex + ey = c
(c) e-x + ey = c
8. Which of the following differential equations cannot be solved, using variable separable
method?
(c) xy = 1 + x + y + xy
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(d) + y = 2.
(a) y = vx
(b) v = yx
(c) x = vy
(d) x = v
1. Find the order and the degree of the differential equation: x 2 = 1 + (Delhi
2019)
3. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves: y = b (x + a), where « and
b are arbitrary constants. (C.B.S.E. 2019 C)
y – 2x = y3e-y
6. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves y = a sin (3x – b), where a
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Short Questions:
1. Determine the order and the degree of the differential equation:
2. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves: y = e2x (a + bx), where ‘a’
and ‘h’ are arbitrary constants. (Delhi 2019)
Long Questions:
1. Find the area enclosed by the circle:
x2 + y2 = a2. (N.C.E.R.T.)
2. Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis,
the line y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 32. (C.B.S.E. 2018)
3. Find the area bounded by the curves y = √x, 2y + 3 = Y and Y-axis. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper
2018-19)
Answer Key-
Multiple Choice questions-
1. Answer: (a) 3
2. Answer: (a) 2
3. Answer: (d) 4.
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
4. Answer: (d) 0.
6. Answer: (c) – x² + xy = 0
9. Answer: (c) x = vy
3. Solution:
Diff. w.r.t. x, b.
4. Solution:
We have: = ex+y
⇒ – e-y + c = ex
⇒ ex + e-y = c.
5. Solution:
6. Solution:
= 3a cos (3x – b)
+ 9y = 0,m
Short Answer:
1. Solution: Order = 2 and Degree = 1.
2. Solution:
= 2be2x + 22x
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
=2( – 2𝑦) +
[Using (2)]
3. Solution:
∴ I.F. = e∫1dx = ex
The solution is :
⇒ y.ex = ex cos x + C
or y = cos x + C e-x
4. Solution:
+ x = (tany + sec2y).
Linear Equation
∵ I.F. = Jldy = ey
⇒ x. ey = ey tan y + c
Long Answer:
1. Solution:
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
x(1 + v2) = C
𝑦
𝑥 1 + =𝐶
𝑥
x2 + y2 = C.
2. Solution:
= tan-1 x + C
When y = 0, x = 1,
then 0 = + C
C=
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
∴ y (1 + x2) = tan -1 x –
3. Solution:
=b ………(3)
4. Solution:
When x = 0, y = 1, ∴ 1 = c + c(0) ⇒ c = 1.
2. Answer :
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
MATHEMATICS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS