Chemistry Project

Group-7
Introduction:
Good day to everyone! We are group 7, consisting of Eaint Myat Phoo, Shin Thant
Lwin, Thet Htar Zaw, Thin Myat Yati and Thit Khwa Phyu. The topic we will be
presenting today is about the metals. We will be exploring various aspects of the metals
deeply, so let’s get on with our presentation.
Script:
First of all, let’s get to know the core information about metals. So, How can we define
metals? Metals are solid materials that conduct heat & electricity, hard, shiny,
malleable, and ductile. An amazing fact is that about three-quarters of the 92 elements
that are found naturally on Earth are metals.
Next, What year did we discover metal? The history states that the first use of metal
was copper around 9000 BC aka about 11000 years ago. Just after the discovery of
metals, a period called the Metals Ages began, where humans made a variety of metal
objects. The Metal Age was divided into three stages: the Copper Age, the Bronze Age
and the Iron Age. They also invented new techniques for making clay pottery. The most
characteristic examples are beaker pots.
How are metals found in nature? Mostly, all metals come from the Earth’s crust and
these metals are found in ores, which are solid materials that contain minerals and
metals. Metal ores are generally oxides, sulfides, and silicates. The most plentiful
quantities of metals in the Earth’s crust are aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium,
potassium, and magnesium. Metals are made up of materials, such as electrons,
neutrons, and protons. These metals are vital for our daily lives and the reason for it is
that metals are involved in the transportation of electricity and provide many services. It
has been found that various manufacturing processes around the world use more than
3 gigatonnes of metal every year. Five types of metals are present in the periodic table.
They lie in the blocks named alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals,
lanthanides, and actinides. Pure metals are metals that are not alloyed with other
elements, meaning that they are mostly 99% pure minimum.
Why are metals used? Since metals are good conductors of electricity, it is suitable for
making wires and parts of equipment and gadgets relating to electrical current. For
example such as electronic devices; mobile, computers and TVs, fridges, iron, etc…
Let’s explore in detail about the physical properties of metal elements.

What are the basic properties of metals? Metals are usually shiny, sonorous, hard,
strong, high in density, malleable, ductile and good conductors of both electricity and
heat.
1. Sonority: Metals are sonorous, meaning that they produce a ringing sound when
struck as in bells, doorbells, and many other instruments.
2. Shiny (lustre): Metals are known to be shiny when you first cut them. When
metals show a shiny appearance, we call it metallic lustre. This is due to the
reflection of light which is caused by the presence of mobile electrons in the
metal. Metals like gold and platinum are always shiny which makes them to make
such good jewellery.
3. Hardness: Most metals are hard, meaning that it is not easy to scratch them.
The hardness of metals can vary from metal to metal. For example: iron and
copper are hard at room temperature while sodium is so soft at room
temperature that it can be cut with a knife.
4. Strength: Metals are typically strong so to break or squash them, big forces are
needed. (For example: Tungsten is the strongest metal, unless it's exposed to
60,000 PSI or more, it shouldn't break.)
5. Density: Typical metals are high in density as their atoms are packed together
and are in a regular pattern and structure. Metals have a more compact atomic
structure compared to non-metals, which allows them to pack more atoms into a
given space.
6. Malleability: Metals can be hammered into shape without cracking as they are
malleable. Aluminium is very malleable and that is the reason why we use
aluminium foil to wrap our food.
7. Ductility: Metals are ductile which means that if we pull the metal it’s going to
stretch rather than break. That’s why they can be pulled out to make wires.
8. Conductivity: Metals are known to be good conductors of heat and electricity,

meaning that heat and electricity travel through metals easily. The best
conductors of electricity are copper and silver. While the best conductors of heat
are copper and gold.
Now, let’s go through some facts about some of the well-known metals.
1. Gold: Gold is one of the elements and well-known metals found on Earth. Its
symbol is Au and its atomic number is 79. Gold is said to be a shiny, yellow
metal. It has the properties of typical metals as in malleability, ductility, shine, and
good conductors of both heat and electricity. It is unreactive under many
conditions, meaning that it is not damaged by air. Gold makes such jewellery
accessories and coins since it is shiny. While most metals are grey or silvery
white, gold seems to be slightly reddish-yellow. People even stated that Gold is a
‘noble’ type of metal as it does not rust or lose its lustre at all. Metals are also
high in melting and boiling points. The melting point of gold is 1,064°C and its
boiling point is 2,807°C. Fun fact about 160,000 tons of gold have been mined
throughout the whole of history. Among all countries in the world, China is the
world's largest consumer of gold, since 2018 and India comes in second after
China.
2. Iron: Iron is also one of the most used metals in the world. Its symbol is Fe and
its atomic number is 26. Iron is a shiny, grey metal. It is most widely used in
ships, cars, and tools. The reason for its usage is that Iron is known to be one of
the strongest metals and moreover it is malleable. As usual, for typical metals
like Iron, its melting point is 1,538°C and the boiling point is 2,861°C.which
means that it is also high in boiling and melting points. Another fun fact! Iron is
vital for human bodies. In the Journal of Archeological Science, researchers
examined ancient Egyptian iron beads from around 3200 B.C were made from
iron meteorites
3. Copper: Copper is one of the essential elements for our daily lives and is one of
the stages that occurred during the Metal Ages period. The symbol of it is Cu and
its atomic number is 29. Moreover, its melting point is 1083°C and its boiling point
is 2595°C. On standard, copper is used in electrical equipment such as wiring
and motors as it conducts both heat and electricity extremely well. In addition,
Copper is also used in buildings, mostly for roofing and sometimes in decorative
art. Copper is a vital dietary mineral for all organisms. On top of that, copper is
said to be found in the liver, muscle, and bone, with an average of 1.4 to 2.1 mg
per kilogram of body weight in human bodies.
4. Tungsten: Tungsten is known to be part of the rarest metals found on Earth, only
discovered for the very first time in 1781. Its symbol is W and the atomic number
is 74. Tungsten also owns the record for the highest boiling points and melting
points out of any other elements at 3414 ∘C for melting point and 5555 ∘C for
boiling point. It is recorded that Tungsten is mostly found in China, South Korea,
Bolivia, Great Britain, Russia, Portugal, California and Colorado. Tungsten is
mainly used as filament wire for lighting (2%); and speciality uses for mobile
phone handsets, military, ballistics (defence equipment) automotive parts, and
aerospace components.
Outro:
Thank you for your time and attention! This was presented by group 7 from secondary
1E.

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Group-7

Let’s explore in detail about the physical properties of metal elements.

8. Conductivity: Metals are known to be good conductors of heat and electricity,

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