Assiginment 2 - 2023-2

University Of Belize
Faculty Of Science & Technology

Department of Science
General Biology 1 Assignment 2
Name: ______Ashaki O’Brien_________________
Total Marks: 86 marks
1. Name the difference between Nucleus, Nucleolus and Nucleoid. In your answer, ensure
you state their structure and function. In what type of cell are they found? (12 points)
Nucleus Nucleolus Nucleoid
In eukaryotic cells, where most The biggest structure found in The majority of the genetic
genetic material is found, the the nucleus is the nucleolus. material in a prokaryotic cell is
nucleus is bound by a double The biggest nuclear organelle found in an area called a
membrane. The nucleus in eukaryotic cells, the nucleoid. The region bounded
performs the dual roles of nucleolus serves as the main by a membrane lacks
being the cell's command location for the production of definition. The asymmetrical
centre and genetic information ribosome subunits. All portion of a prokaryotic cell
storage facility by containing eukaryotic cells, including that contains DNA is called the
the genome. Only the last stage those of fungus, protists, nucleoid region. It is devoid of
of gene expression, known as plants, and animals, contain it. the membrane that eukaryotic
translation, is located in the cells have surrounding their
cytoplasm; all other processes, nuclei. The nucleoid may also
including transcription, RNA include proteins, enzymes, and
processing, and DNA RNA that are utilized by cells
replication, occur within the in addition to DNA. A
nucleus. With the exception of prokaryotic cell's nucleoid is,
red blood cells, the majority of by definition, the area that
eukaryotic cells contain the houses most or all of the
nucleus. genetic material. We refer to
this substance as a bacterial
chromosome.
2. Name and label the structures below with the appropriate terms. What cell process/
chemical process is carried out by these structures. In what cells are these structures
found? (16 points)
What chemical process is carried out by mitochondria? Our food's chemical energy is
transformed by mitochondria into a form that the cell can utilise. We refer to this process as
oxidative phosphorylation. NADH is a molecule that is produced by the Krebs cycle. Enzymes
located in the cristae use NADH to make ATP.
In what cells is the mitochondria structure found? Animals

and plants both have mitochondria.
Mitochondria
Diagram
Chloroplast
Diagram
What chemical process is carried out by Chloroplast? Only plants and photosynthetic algae
contain chloroplasts. (Animals other than humans lack chloroplasts.) One of the functions of the
chloroplast is to perform photosynthesis. Light energy is gathered and used in photosynthesis to
convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
In what cells is the chloroplast structure found? The cells' food producers are called
chloroplasts. Only the cells of plants and some protists, like algae, contain organelles.
3. Name 4 structures that are found in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Label 10
structures on the eukaryotic cell below and give the function for any 4 of the structures
labelled. (18 points)
1. ___Plasma membrane___________________ 2.
________cytoplasm_______________
3. ______Ribosomes_________________ 4. _____Mitochondria_____________
Nucleus - The nucleus is the home of the genome and the centre of control for the cell. It is the
storehouse of genetic information. The nucleus is the site of DNA replication, transcription, and
RNA processing; the cytoplasm is only involved in the last phase of gene expression, known as
translation.
Enzymes - An enzyme's two basic characteristics are the same as those of any other catalyst. To
start with, they speed up chemical reactions without getting consumed or changed irreversibly.
They also boost reaction rates without changing the reactant-product chemical balance.
Ribosomes - The location of protein synthesis in a cell is called the ribosome, an intercellular
structure composed of both RNA and protein. After the ribosome translates the genetic
information from the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a specific string of amino acids,
the amino acids develop into long chains that fold to make proteins.
Plasma membrane - A cell is shielded by its plasma membrane, often known as its cell
membrane. Additionally, it offers a consistent atmosphere inside the cell. Furthermore, that
membrane serves a variety of purposes. One is the movement of poisonous materials out of the
cell and nutrients into the cell.
4. Use the table to state the difference between the following terms. (12 points)
Type of Bond Molecules Biological Nature (weak

involved or Molecule(s) strong/ ionic
units they join associated with covalent)
Hydrogen Bond Organic Carbohydrates, Weaker than
molecules proteins, lipids, covalent bonds
N-H groups and nucleic
acids
Glyosidic Bond Carbohydrate Carbohydrates Fairly stable
(sugar) and Nucleic covalent bonds
molecules acids
monosaccharide
molecules
Phosphodiester Acyl Carrier Nucleic acids Strong covalent
Bond proteins, bonds
phospholipids,
hydroxyl groups
Nucleotides
Phosphate group
Peptide Bond Carboxyl proteins Strong covalent
groups, amino bonds
acid molecule,
polypeptides
5. Label the diagram below with the appropriate structures. State the function of any four
(3) of the structures. (10 points)
protein
Glycoprotein - Particularly in creatures (animals) without hard cell walls, glycoproteins are
frequently involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. Furthermore, the carbohydrate component of
glycoproteins is frequently the crucial element in cellular recognition.
Cholesterol - The primary function of cholesterol in the cell membrane is to give it support and
structure. In the cell membrane, cholesterol is located in the space between phospholipids. The
hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids engage with the inflexible rings of the cholesterol
molecule.
Integral membrane - Integral membrane proteins are found in the bilayer membranes that
envelop cells and organelles, and they are essential for the passage of molecules through these
membranes as well as the transduction of signals and energy.
Peripheral protein - Proteins known as peripheral membrane proteins are those that are
momentarily affixed to the mitochondrial membrane of the cell. Proteins in peripheral
membranes bind to the membrane but are not enmeshed in it. The proteins in the periphery
membrane assist, communicate, transfer molecules, and operate as enzymes within the cell.

Assiginment 2 - 2023-2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assiginment 2 - 2023-2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Assiginment 2 - 2023-2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

University Of Belize

Faculty Of Science & Technology

In what cells is the mitochondria structure found? Animals

Type of Bond Molecules Biological Nature (weak

You might also like