Quiz1 A Ans
Quiz1 A Ans
Quiz1 A Ans
1. (20pts) Find a vector function r(t) that satises r′ (t) = 2t sin(t2 )i − 2 cos(2t)j,
r(0) = 2i + j.
Sol : Z
r(t) = r′ (t)dt
Z
= 2t sin(t2 )i − 2 cos(2t)jdt
= − cos(t2 )i − sin(2t)j + c.
For t = 0,
r(0) = − cos(0)i − sin(0)j + c = 2i + j.
2. Consider the curve traced by vector function r(t) = sin(t)i + cos(t)j + 3tk, t ≥ 0.
(a) (10pts) Find the length of the curve, s(t), from r(0) to an arbitrary point
r(t).
(b) (10pts) Express this r(t), t ≥ 0 as the function of arc length s. In other
words, nd r(s).
(c) (5pts) Find the length of the curve traced by vector function r(s) of (b) from
s = 0 to s = 4.
Sol :
(a)
r′ (t) = sin(t)i + cos(t)j + 3tk,
q √ √
∥ r′ (t) ∥ = 1(sin2 t + cos2 t) + 9 = 1 + 9 = 10,
Z t Z t√ √
′
s(t) = ∥ r (u) ∥ du = 10du = 10t
0 0
1
(b)
√
s(t) = 10t,
s s 3s
⇒r(s) = sin( √ )i + cos( √ )j + √ k
10 10 10
(c)
1 s 1 s 3s
r′ (s) = − sin( √ )i + cos( √ )j + √ k,
2 10 2 10 10
r
1+9
∥ r′ (s) ∥ = = 1,
10
Z 4 Z 4
′
s= ∥ r (s) ∥ ds = 1ds = 4
0 0
(a) (5pts) T′ (t) and T(t) are orthogonal, i.e. N(t) ⊥ T(t).
(b) (5pts) The cross product of T′ (t) and T(t) is a unit vector, i.e. ∥ N(t) ×
T(t) ∥= 1.
r′ (t)·r′′ (t)
(c) (5pts) aT = ∥r′ (t)∥
, and
∥r′ (t)×r′′ (t)∥
(d) (5pts) aN = ∥r′ (t)∥
Sol :
(a)
∥ T(t) ∥2 = T · T = 1
d d
∥ T(t) ∥2 = (T · T) = 0
⇒
dt dt
dT dT dT
⇒ ·T+T· =2 · T = 0,
dt dt dt
2
If ∥ dT
dt
∦= 0, we have,
dT
dt
dT
· T = 0,
∥ dt
∥
⇒ N · T = 0.
As a result, T and N vectors are orthogonal. Notably, N is a unit normal,
and
(b)
∥ T × N ∥=∥ T ∥∥ N ∥ sin(π/2) = 1
(c)
T · a = T · r′′
= aT T · T + aN N · T
= aT × 1 + 0
= aT .
Therefore,
r′ (t) · r′′ (t)
′′
aT = T · r =
∥ r′ (t) ∥
(d)
T × a = T × r′′
= aT T × T + aN T × N
= 0 + aN T × N.
Therefore, we have T × r′′ = aN T × N. Taking norm on both sides gives
∥ T × r′′ ∥= aN ∥ T × N ∥= aN ∵∥ T × N ∥= 1
Finally,
∥ r′ (t) × r′′ (t) ∥
aN =
∥ r′ (t) ∥
4. (20pts) Given a position vector r(t) = cos(t)i + 2 sin(t)j + 3tk, t ≥ 0, nd aT and
aN and curvature κ.
Sol :
3
∥r′ (t)×r′′ (t)∥
From 3. (c) and 3. (d), and κ = ∥r′ (t)∥3
, we have
Therefore,
r′ (t) · r′′ (t) −3 sin(t) cos(t)
aT = ′
=p ,
∥ r (t) ∥ 3 cos2 (t) + 10
p
∥ r′ (t) × r′′ (t) ∥ 27 sin2 (t) + 13
aN = = ,
∥ r′ (t) ∥
p
3 cos2 (t) + 10
p
∥ r′ (t) × r′′ (t) ∥ 27 sin2 (t) + 13
κ= =
∥ r′ (t) ∥3 (3 cos2 (t) + 10)3/2
(a) (10pts) Find the direction derivative from point P (1, 1, 1) to the point Q(0, 0, 0).
(b) (10pts) Find the maximum rate of change of f (x, y, z) at the point P (1, 1, 1).
(c) (5pts) Find the point in the level surface f (x, y, z) = 0, at which the gradient
is parallel to the 27i + 8j + k.
Sol :
∇F (x, y, z) = 3x2 i + 2yj + 1k
∇F (1, 1, 1) = 3i + 2j + 1k
(a)
P⃗Q = −1i − 1j − 1k
P⃗Q −1i − 1j − 1k
⇒u= = √
∥ P⃗Q ∥ 3
−6
Du F (1, 1, 1) = ∇F · u = √
3
4
(b) Maximum rate of change occurs when u has the same direction as that of
√
∇F (1, 1, 1). Therefore, the maximum rate is ∥ ∇F (1, 1, 1) ∥= 14.
6. Let F (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
p
Sol :
(a)
dF (x, y, z) ∂F (x, y, z) dx ∂F (x, y, z) dy ∂F (x, y, z) dz
= + +
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt
2
6x cos(2t) −8y sin(2t) 15zt
=p +p +p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
−14 cos(2t) sin(2t) + 75t5
=p
9 sin2 (2t) + 16 cos2 (2t) + 25t6
(b)
dF (x, y, z) ∂F (x, y, z) dx ∂F (x, y, z) dy ∂F (x, y, z) dz
= + +
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt
∂F (x, y, z) ∂F (x, y, z) ∂F (x, y, z) dx dy dz
=( i+ j+ k) · ( i + j + k)
∂x ∂y ∂z dt dt dt
= ∇F · r′ (t)
d7
= = 0.
dt
As a results, ∇F · r′ (t) = 0