REVITALIZING ESTERO PARIAN: A PROPOSED PARK AND ADAPTIVE REUSE OF

AN OLD/ABANDONED BUILDING INTO A MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY (MRF)

By

JANDUG, CHRISTEN MONIC A.

SALINO, GAYLE AUDREY A.

A THESIS PROPOSAL PRESENTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, FINE

ARTS & DESIGN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

SECOND SEMESTER 2024

© 2024 JANDUG, CHRISTEN MONIC A. & SALINO, GAYLE AUDREY A.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

LIST OF TABLES 5

LIST OF FIGURES 6

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7

DEFINITION OF TERMS 8

ABSTRACT 9

INTRODUCTION 10

Rationale of the Study 10

Statement of the Problem 11
Research Objectives 11
Significance of the Study 12
Scope and Limitations of the Study 13

LITERATURE REVIEW 15

First Level Subheading 15

Second Level Subheading 16
Third level subheading 17
Precedents and Related Studies 17
Second Level Subheading 18
Third level subheading 19
Theoretical Background 19
Second Level Subheading 20
Third level subheading 21
Conceptual Framework 21
Second Level Subheading 22
Third level subheading 23

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25

Research Design 25
Research Environment 26
Research Respondents 27
Research Instruments 27
Self Administered Survey 28
Individual Interview 28
Focus Group Discussion 28
Data Collection 28
Data Analysis 29

3
SELF ADMINISTERED SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 30

INTERVIEW PROTOCOL 31

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDELINES 32

WORK PLAN AND TIMETABLE 33

ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH ADVISERSHIP 34

LETTER OF INTENT AND ACCEPTANCE 35

LIST OF REFERENCES 36

CURRICULUM VITAE 38

4
 LIST OF TABLES

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 LIST OF FIGURES

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Caption. The caption is left-aligned with a hanging indent and goes at the
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and the caption. 25

6
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

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 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Estero Parian A historically significant waterway located in the Parian district of

Cebu, known for its cultural and economic significance in the city's
development

Cultural The tangible and intangible aspects of a community’s history,

Heritage traditions, and values, often embodied in architectural landmarks,
artifacts, and cultural practices

Adaptive reuse The practice of repurposing existing structures for new functions to
continuously adapt to the changing needs of the community while
retaining their historical and architectural integrity, thereby
contributing to sustainable development and heritage conservation.
There are different types of adaptive reuse in architecture. These
are historic preservation, renovation, integration, facadism, and
infrastructure

Historic The conservation and protection of buildings, structures, and sites

Preservation with historical significance, aimed at safeguarding cultural heritage
and maintaining their architectural integrity

Revitalization Employs preservation, adaptive reuse, community engagement,

and sustainable development areas to enhance their functionality
and appearance, typically to stimulate economic growth and
safeguard cultural heritage

Urban The planning, design, and construction of urban environments to

Development accommodate population growth, economic activities, and social
interactions, while promoting sustainability and quality of life

Site Feasibility The assessment of a site’s suitability for a proposed development

project, considering factors such as location, accessibility,
environmental impact, and regulatory requirements

Space The specific spatial needs and functional requirements for various
Requirements amenities and facilities within the park design, such as seating
areas, recreational spaces, and landscaping features

Standards and The established guidelines, regulations, and benchmarks governing

Parameters the design and construction of parks, including safety hazards,
accessibility requirements, and environmental suitability criteria

Park A designated area of land, typically landscaped and equipped with

amenities, designed for recreational activities, leisure, and
community gatherings. Parks serve as vital green spaces within

8
 urban environments, contributing to the physical and mental
well-being of residents

Sense of Place Denotes the distinctive identity and emotional attachment

individuals associate with a specific location or built environment

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 Abstract of Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the School of Architecture,
Fine Arts and Design of the University of San Carlos in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Interior Design

TITLE OF THE WORK, CENTERED, SINGLE-SPACED,

IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, EXACTLY AS ON THE TITLE PAGE

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Keywords: Up to 5 words that collectively describe your research.

10
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Figure 1-1. Historical District Map.

Cebu’s Parian district stands as a testament to its rich history as a bustling center

of trade between China and the Philippines, shaping the cultural and economic

landscape of the region throughout various periods of history. Its origins can be traced

back to the 16th century when it emerged as a thriving Chinese merchant community

designated by the Spanish Administrators for early Chinese traders in the Cebu

settlement. This period witnessed a rush of activities as Chinese goods and wares for

trade that came from Intramuros would find their way to Parian via small boats called

cascos. These small boats would navigate through a nearby estuary that was later

called Estero Parian, a former vital waterway that facilitated trade for the Chinese

merchants. The name “Parian” traces its roots back to a Mexican word that means

“marketplace,” attesting to its historical significance as a vibrant commercial hub (Parian

Sugbu, 2012).

11
 Additionally, the spatial relationship between Colon St. and Estero Parian

provides additional insight into the district’s historical tapestry. As shown in Figure 1-1,

Colon St. and Estero Parian run parallel to each other. While historical records may not

explicitly mention Calle Colon during this era, the proximity of the street and Estero

Parian suggests that there is a plausible connection. It is possible that Calle Colon

served as a thoroughfare for the Chinese merchants as they conducted their trade

activities, further emphasizing the district’s pivotal role in facilitating commerce and

cultural exchange. This notion is supported by Wani (2009), who underscores the

likelihood of a primitive pathway along Calle Colon utilized by Chinese traders in their

daily activities.

The district of Parian is a community built on marshland. Like Manila, the

Sangleyes or Chinese were encouraged to drain the wetlands at the northern edge of

the urban settlement to build their community. This led to the establishment of an

orderly and prosperous district, boasting domiciles for many religious orders and

illustrious families (Peterson, et. al, 2020). Over time, the Parian district evolved into a

commercial and residential area during Spanish colonial rule. The district’s significance

expanded beyond its origins as a trading center, with the construction of religious and

residential structures that further enriched its cultural landscapes. Notable Heritage

homes such as the Jesuit House and the Casa Gorordo still stand as reminders of this

period of growth and development (Mojares, 2017).

However, the landscape of the Parian district underwent significant

transformations due to urban reclamation projects initiated by the Spanish government.

According to the study of Peterson, et. al. (2017), the establishment of the Chinese

12
settlement in Cebu around 1590 followed a similar pattern as observed in Manila, where

the Sangleyes reclaimed marshes on the city's border to build their community.

Moreover, the Spanish had a practice of filling channels, estuaries, and marshes to

reclaim land for urban development projects. The Parian Marsh, depicted as early as

1742 on a map of the Port Area of Cebu (Figure 1-2), initially appeared as a salt-water

inlet that later began to shrink over time. This extensive land reclamation effort not only

reshaped the natural landscape but also altered the natural flow of the waterways,

leading to the gradual accumulation of sediment in the Estero Parian. Consequently, by

the late 1700s, the once-navigable waterway had become impassable for commercial

trade, marking a significant transformation in the district’s maritime accessibility.

Figure 1-2. Cebu Port Area in 1742, showing the Parian district and marsh (pantano).

13
 In the 1890s, the Spanish government established the Encomienda de Cebu as a

system that was part of the economic policies of the Spanish colonizers to organize the

colony and indoctrinate Catholicism among its native inhabitants. During this time, the

number of Chinese families substantially increased, leading to a growth in the Chinese

mestizo population, while the number of Spaniards declined. This demographic shift

raised concerns among Spaniards about their declining wealth as their population

dwindled.

By the 17th and 18th centuries, the Chinese population in Cebu began to

decrease due to the expulsion of Governor-General Simon de Anda in 1780.

Consequently, the Parian district transformed into a community primarily inhabited by

Chinese mestizos. Throughout the 19th century, the Parian district emerged as a

dynamic commercial area dominated by mestizos, transitioning from a trading hub to a

semi-residential district.

The Parian district of Cebu has undergone significant transformations throughout

its history, yet it has maintained its status as a cultural and economic hub within the city.

Over time, demographic shifts, such as the growth of the Chinese mestizo population,

and changes in economic activity have shaped the district’s evolution. From its origins

as a bustling trading center in the Spanish colonial period to its current status as a

predominantly residential area, the Parian district reflects the dynamic interplay between

economic forces, urban development initiatives, and cultural influences. However, these

changes have also brought challenges to the district, particularly in terms of urban

development and environmental degradation. The once-thriving Estero Parian, which

served as a vital artery for trade, has now become silted up due to urbanization and

14
informal settlements. The influx of rural migrants seeking better opportunities has

exacerbated issues, such as inadequate housing and waste management. Addressing

these challenges requires comprehensive approaches, including affordable housing

initiatives, sustainable urban development strategies, and inclusive policies to support

marginalized communities. By tackling these issues, the Parian district can continue to

thrive as a vibrant and historically significant enclave within Cebu City.

Rationale of the Study

The Estero Parian, once a vital waterway, is now degraded and labeled by locals

as a dying river. However, amidst the river’s degradation, there is hope as evidenced by

the proactive restoration efforts undertaken by the city’s Task Force Gubat sa Baha

(TFGsB). Their initiative ranging from a series of regular river cleanup operations,

encouraging locals to segregate their trash, and also fining them for littering and

throwing trash in the river, signifies a collective effort to breathe life back to the river

(Cebu City Government, 2023).

Yet, challenges persists, particularly in the mouth of the river, where a mix of

commercial and residential buildings, abandoned structures, and informal settlements

jostle for space, disregarding the 3-meter setback from the river. Notably, an abandoned

structure near Estero Parian in the intersection of R. Palma St. and Sergio Osmena Jr

Blvrd. serves as an example of this disregard, acting as a makeshift dumpster for the

community’s waste (See Figure 1-3). These kinds of structures not only undermine the

district’s historical significance but also pose environmental hazards to the local

residents.

15
Figure 1-3. Abandoned Lot along Estero Parian filled with garbage bags and waste.

Aside from pollution and having poor waste management, the lack of green

spaces and recreational amenities exacerbates the challenges faced by the community,

impacting their quality of life. In response to these pressing issues, the proposal for a

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and the development of a park emerges as a viable

solution for the revitalization of Estero Parian. By repurposing unused and/or

abandoned structures into functional spaces and introducing a greener environment

amidst the urban sprawl, the project aims to combat environmental issues while

preserving Parian’s rich heritage.

The repurposing of unused and/or abandoned structures into a Materials

Recovery Facility (MRF) not only addresses the need for efficient waste management

but also revitalizes neglected spaces, fostering a sense of community ownership and

pride. At the same time, the creation of a park offers respite to the concrete jungle,

providing residents with much-needed recreational spaces while promoting

environmental stewardship.

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 By focusing on adaptive reuse and adding more green spaces, this project

transcends mere urban renewal. It symbolizes a commitment to sustainability, cultural

preservation, and collective well-being. Through meticulous planning and collaborative

efforts involving the local community, the revitalization of Estero Parian promises to

usher in a new era of resilience, where heritage is honored, nature thrives, and

communities flourish.

Statement of the Problem

The community along Estero Parian grapples with a multitude of development

challenges, ranging from the proliferation of new structures due to rapid urbanization to

the decay of historic buildings. This rapid transformation of the area has led to the

overcrowding of the Estero Parian, leaving it devoid of open spaces for greenery and

recreational activities. Additionally, the absence of proper waste management

infrastructure exacerbates environmental degradation, contributing to pollution and

health hazards for the local residents.

Recognizing the urgent need to address these issues, there is a proposal for the

revitalization of Estero Parian, creating a park, and the use of adaptive reuse strategies.

In conjunction with this initiative, there is a pressing need for the establishment of a

Material Recovery Facility (MRF) to manage solid waste effectively within the

community. The lack of proper waste management infrastructure not only pollutes the

river and surrounding areas, but also poses health risks to the residents and

undermines the overall livability of the community. Therefore, integrating an MRF into

the proposed revitalization efforts is crucial for promoting environmental sustainability

and improving the quality of life for residents in the Estero Parian.

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 Research Objectives

This study aims to breathe new life into the Estero Parian by establishing a

Material Recovery Facility (MRF) and a park to the community, serving as a catalyst for

cultural awareness and appreciation among locals and tourists. The following are the

objectives to be used in addressing the aim of the project:

● Develop a comprehensive plan integrating proper design, restoring Estero Parian

while emphasizing its historic connection to Colon St.;

● Repurpose an old/abandoned building into a Material Recovery Facility (MRF),

combining waste management with cultural preservation; and

● Design a community-centered space enriched with sustainable landscaping

strategies, nurturing environmental awareness and enhancing biodiversity.

Through these objectives, the study endeavors to contribute to the revitalization

of the Parian district, nurturing its cultural identity and heritage for future generations.

Significance of the Study

This study holds the significant importance of addressing pressing urban

challenges through innovative solutions such as adaptive reuse strategies. The

establishment of a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) and a park near Estero Parian not

only addresses the the pressing issues about environmental degradation due to

pollution and poor waste management, but also fosters community engagement and

well-being in a landscape often characterized by closed-off spaces and hazardous

alleys.

The significance of this study extends to various stakeholders who stand to

benefit from its outcomes. Firstly, urban planners and policymakers can draw

valuable insights from this research, particularly in terms of sustainable urban

development strategies and adaptive reuse practices. By showcasing the potential of

18
repurposing existing structures to create public amenities, the study offers a model for

future urban revitalization projects in similar contexts.

Furthermore, heritage preservation advocates stand to benefit from the

study’s emphasis on maintaining the historic character of the Parian district. By

integrating adaptive reuse techniques with heritage conservation efforts, the research

promotes the preservation of cultural heritage while adapting to the evolving needs of

the community.

Additionally, local residents of the Parian district will gain access to a revitalized

public space, providing opportunities for recreation, relaxation, and community

gatherings. By enhancing the quality of life for residents, the study contributes to the

overall well-being of the community.

Overall, this study has the potential to make a tangible impact on urban

environments, offering practical solutions to enhance livability, promote sustainability,

and preserve cultural heritage in rapidly developing areas like the Parian district.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of the study involves proposing a Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

and a park in the local community to address pressing environmental issues due to

pollution, poor waste management, and lack of green spaces, aiming to revitalize the

Estero Parian. The study will utilize prior research to guide and inform the development

of these initiatives.

The study will focus on designing the MRF using adaptive reuse and planning the

park layout, including recreational amenities, such as community gardens. Factors such

as space requirements, standards, and regulations governing park proposals will be

considered, alongside architectural exploration to determine the feasibility and suitability

19
of the chosen site. Site selection criteria will prioritize unused/abandoned buildings,

excluding residential areas.

Data collection will involve online research from reliable platforms and USC

library electronic resources for accessing journals. Site selection data will be gathered

from CPDO documents, online platforms such as Google Maps, and supplemented by a

site visit to further analyze and gather real-time information about the site.

This study focuses on providing an architectural design proposal, intended as

conceptual ideas and serves as a guide for potential future developments. Any actual

implementation would require comprehensive assessments, including environmental

impact studies, community consultations, and detailed feasibility analyses.

The study will be conducted during the second semester of the 2023-2024

academic year.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This study explores the intricate process of revitalizing historic urban districts

through a review of related literature. This chapter investigates the revitalization efforts

along the Pasig River, the application of adaptive reuse strategies, and various

community park examples. By examining key themes, challenges, and strategies, this

literature review aims to offer insights and guidance for revitalization initiatives in

historically significant urban areas like the Parian district. Through analyzing these

cases, valuable insights can be used to guide future initiatives in preserving and

sustaining the historic and cultural heritage of the Parian district, ensuring its legacy for

future generations.

Estero Parian

The Estero Parian is a river located in the Parian district of Cebu that used to be

a significant waterway for Chinese merchants facilitating trade back in the 16th century.

However, significant transformations in the natural landscape of the Parian district

occurred due to several land reclamation projects that led to the alteration of the natural

flow of the waterways and the gradual accumulation of sediment in the Estero Parian.

By the late 1700s, the once-navigable waterway had become impassable, marking the

end of its role in trade.

Presently, the Estero Parian is now silted up and garbage is dumped mindlessly

by the people into the river. As seen in the figure below (See Figure 2-1), it can be seen

how the river has not been cleaned for more than a decade. Because of garbage

dumping by the residents or passersby, it has been polluted and caused severe flooding

in the area whenever heavy rainfall strikes Cebu. Since it is silted up to 2 meters deep,

21
it can be seen that it has affected the people living in the river in terms of water quality

to use for their daily lives (Brainard, 2015).

Figure 2-1. Cleanup of Parian River.

Efforts to restore and preserve the historical and environmental integrity of the

Parian district are underway, with initiatives ranging from river cleanup operations to

heritage conservation programs. Drawing inspiration from successful restoration

projects such as the rehabilitation of the Pasig River in Manila and the preservation of

historic buildings in Intramuros. It is mentioned by San Miguel Corp. President Ramon

Ang that Pasig River Expressway has taken full consideration into the presence of the

historical sites along its alignment (Lucas, 2021). There is an illustration in the figure

below (See Figure 2-3) of how the supposed alignment of the Pasig River Expressway

will run along Binondo. By relocating the alignment to the opposite side, the project will

avoid any substantial effects on Intramuros. In fact, the initiative can serve as a platform

to highlight heritage sites to visitors, including tourists, as the area will become more

22
accessible to a broader Filipino audience. These efforts aim to rejuvenate the district

while safeguarding its cultural heritage for future generations.

Figure 2-2. Proposed Basic Alignment for Pasig River Expressway (PAREX).

Urban Development

Urban development has reshaped the natural landscape of the Parian district,

transitioning from a historic trading hub to a semi-residential area, undergoing

significant transformations over the years. This transformation has brought about both

opportunities and challenges. However, despite it giving opportunities for developers,

this serves as a complete challenge for urban planners to create sustainable cities for

the local community.

“The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to

cities.” - National Geographic

In the perspective of many, when we hear new developments, we often associate

them with opportunities. Because of this, many people from rural areas often come to

the city looking for new jobs and opportunities. However, not everyone is lucky, and

23
despite being able to find new jobs they end up facing new challenges, such as the

availability of affordable housing. With the development of new buildings and structures,

the value of the area rose, which made affordable housing in the area scarce, leading to

informal settlements. Moreover, with people focusing on new developments, the

governance of informal settlements was neglected, which enabled the proliferation of

such dwellings. Now, it has become a bigger problem in the community, leading to

overcrowding, pollution, and poor waste management.

Waste Management through Adaptive Reuse

The Parian district of Cebu is now faced with multiple development challenges,

ranging from the proliferation of new structures due to the rapid urbanization of the area

to the decay of historic buildings. Moreover, the proliferation of new buildings has led to

the neglect and abandonment of older structures, leading to their decline and the use of

wasted space. This rapid transformation of the area has led to the overcrowding of the

district, which contributed to environmental degradation, particularly evident in the

deterioration of the Estero Parian due to neglect and pollution.

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Figure 2-3. Abandoned Buildings in Estero Parian River.

The Parian district is full of wasted spaces that are occupied by abandoned

buildings that were neglected for years because it has no more use (See Figure 2-3). A

notable abandoned building in the community is the one along the river that was filled

with garbage bags (See Figure 1-3). Aside from the obvious garbage-filled river, this

building showcases the lack of proper waste management in the area. Moreover, this

apparent and visible neglect of the governance of such buildings just shows how much

the people and locals lack knowledge and understanding of the importance of the

heritage district and its cultural significance.

Preservation initiatives in the district are ongoing and are focused on restoring

historic buildings, implementing conservation guidelines, and also promoting heritage

tourism. However, despite such efforts, it is not yet enough and still needs more work to

see visible improvements in the community. To further help and assist in the

revitalization efforts in the community, it is imperative that we also address the most

basic issues first, such as pollution and garbage dumping– because what is the use of

preservation efforts in the district if such issues still occur and blinds the people from

seeing the beauty of the district? To address the issues of Parian while also being able

to breathe new life into the district, incorporating adaptive reuse is a good solution.

The community is devoid of open spaces and is now full of buildings, both old

and new. Moreover, it faces issues such as pollution and poor waste management. As a

way to address both issues in one solution, the repurposing of an old/abandoned

building into a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) proves as a viable solution to these

problems.

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 There are two types of Materials Recovery Facility, Clean MRFs and Dirty MRFs.

For clean MRFs, these are recyclable materials picked up from the curbside recycling

bins while dirty MRFs are recyclable materials picked up from trash that is irregularly

placed. In this case, we will be using dirty MRFs since most of the trash are irregularly

misplaced in the river, bridges, and homes around it.

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

Before talking about the design, we must first describe what a materials recovery

facility is. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) is a plant that prepares and separates

single-stream recycling materials to be sold to buyers (Leahy, 2023). Hence, Materials

Recovery Facility (MRF) helps residential or commercial cities be able to have a

recycling facility or program just like in the United States. MRFs has helped businesses

and residents be able to sort their recyclables in a more efficient way. It helps increase

the sheer quantity of recyclable materials being diverted from landfills, creating less

garbage to fill the dump sites as well. Moreover, it can sort all kinds of recyclable

materials including: Plastic, Cardboards, Papers, Glass Bottles, Metal Containers and

Cartons.

Green Spaces and Recreational Amenities

The repurposing of a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is not the only solution to

address issues concerning environmental degradation. The proposal of a park

alongside the MRF could provide a better solution for the community.

In the vicinity of Estero Parian, there's a noticeable absence of green areas and

recreational facilities. Instead, the landscape is dominated by a mix of old and new

buildings, leaving little room for open spaces where locals can interact. This urban

26
expansion has led to environmental degradation over time, with pollution and a lack of

greenery negatively impacting the well-being of residents.

The creation of a park with green spaces and recreational facilities provides the

local community with a place for relaxation, exercise, and community-related activities.

It also comes with community gardens which promote sustainable landscaping practices

and a greener environment. Moreover, the creation of such spaces will encourage

community involvement and active participation. Because of this, the residents,

businesses, and local organizations can collectively take ownership of revitalization

efforts, fostering pride and responsibility. Guided by principles of sustainable

development, these initiatives prioritize social equity, environmental conservation, and

economic viability.

Precedents and Related Studies

Pasig River Rehabilitation

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has been

assigned as the primary authority responsible for executing the Manila Bay

Rehabilitation Program. It will undertake all necessary actions aimed at enhancing the

water quality in Manila Bay and its main river networks, including the Pasig River.

Additionally, through DENR Administrative Order No. 2020-02, the Pasig River

Coordinating and Management Office (PRCMO) was established to guarantee the

seamless execution of plans and initiatives for the restoration and enhancement of the

Pasig River System in connection with the Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program (DENR,

2020).

The goal of the Pasig River Rehabilitation Program is to sustain ongoing

restoration endeavors and enhance the water quality of the Pasig River System to

27
support the flourishing of aquatic life, facilitate transportation, and promote tourism. The

Pasig River has been recognized as a key priority waterway in the Philippine

Development Plan 2017-2022, specifically under Chapter 20 which focuses on Ensuring

Ecological Integrity, and a Clean, and Healthy Environment, with the desired outcome of

Improved Environmental Quality. The Pasig River System comprises three main

tributaries: the San Juan River, Marikina River, and Napindan River, along with

forty-seven minor tributaries including creeks and esteros. Below is a figure of Water

Quality Monitoring of the River.

Figure 2-4. Water Quality Monitoring of Pasig River.

The Estero Parian River shares similarities with the Pasig River in its

pre-rehabilitation state, as both waterways were heavily polluted with trash and

contaminated by untreated domestic and industrial sewage. The Pasig River's

declaration as biologically dead in the 1990s prompted the initiation of a rehabilitation

program (Mendoza-Hisey, 2019). Similarly, the Estero Parian River requires a

comparable treatment to what the Pasig River underwent through its rehabilitation

program, in order to prevent it from becoming a lifeless river in the foreseeable future.

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Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility

Sims Municipal Recycling and the City of New York are collaborating on the

construction of a fresh processing facility for metal, glass, and plastic recyclables

collected from curbsides in New York City. Located on a waterfront pier in Sunset Park,

the center's design is shaped by its intended function as a recycling facility, fostering a

commitment to reuse throughout its structure (The Decor Journal, 2022). Architect

Annabelle Selldorf played a key role in designing the facility, which was constructed on

the site of a former New York Police Department impound lot known for its

environmental unsustainability.

Figure 2-5. Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility.

With New York City producing 11,000 tons of waste, this location is highly

functional. It is designed around operational needs while also incorporating courtyards

and varying volumes to create a walkable, urban atmosphere. The facility consists of

three primary buildings constructed with steel structures featuring a significant amount

of recycled materials. The Tipping Facility, where the bulk of incoming materials arrive

29
via barge, accommodates two Material Handler cranes, two Material Processor

Conveyors, and two Intralox Conveyors. The Material Processing Building includes a

Recycling Operator workstation responsible for converting recycled blue plastic bottles

into high-density cube shapes. Lastly, the Warehouse serves as the reception area for

crated bales, storing them until they are dispatched via truck or freight rail.

Figure 2-6. Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility.

Situated on an 11-acre waterfront pier in Sunset Park, the architectural design

was heavily influenced by its intended use as a recycling center, prompting a focus on

reuse throughout the project. The facility spans 140,000 square feet and includes a

Tipping Building, where recyclables are brought in by both barge and truck. Notably, the

facility contributes significantly to environmental efforts by transporting recyclables via

barge, reducing the mileage of collection trucks by 240,000 miles annually and

minimizing traffic on roadways. Recycled materials feature prominently in the

30
construction: recycled glass, asphalt, and rock retrieved from the Second Avenue

subway construction form the composite used for site fill, recycled steel is utilized for

building construction, and recycled glass is incorporated into the finishing of plazas.

Many adaptive reuse projects involve repurposing existing structures into

schools, offices, apartments, or museums, especially on historic buildings. However, for

a community like Estero Parian, such structures already occupy the area. Moreover,

repurposing existing structures into these options does not really address much of

Estero Parian’s issues and challenges, such as environmental degradation due to

pollution and poor waste management. For a community like this facing such issues

with little to no more space for new structures, it is best to address such issues in one

solution– through adaptive reuse.

Just like the Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility, utilizing adaptive reuse

along Estero Parian could involve transforming them into environmentally friendly

facilities, such as introducing a new MRF in the community. By doing so, it could help in

avoiding building new structures, minimizing environmental impacts during construction

while also addressing the community’s environmental issues. Moreover, this could help

clean up of the river by promoting recycling and proper waste management practices

among local residents, raising awareness to the local community about environmental

issues and the importance of preserving waterways.

Riverside Valley Community Garden in New York City (Park near a river)

The Riverside Valley Community Garden or Jenny’s Garden, is Riverside Park’s

own community garden located at 138th Street, New York City. It was named after

Jenny Benitez who wrote in The New York Times about her impact in transforming

31
formerly abandoned areas around the City (Riverside Park Conservancy, 2024). Since

the 1970s, Jenny has diligently cared for and cultivated a once abandoned plot of land,

transforming it into a flourishing garden with the help of local volunteers. Over several

decades, Jenny, together with her husband Victor, their children, and neighbors, has

been actively stewarding a one-acre section of Riverside Park in West Harlem. Through

their efforts, they have fostered a diverse and intergenerational community of urban

gardeners.

Figure 2-7. Riverside Valley Community Garden.

For years, this area suffered severe neglect, strewn with litter, abandoned

vehicles, and associated with hazardous activities. Collaborating with Riverside Park

Conservancy and the New York City Parks Department, Jenny mobilized the local

community, provided food for the needy, and transformed the cityscape into a verdant

oasis stretching half a mile along Riverside Drive.

32
 Jenny's Garden exemplifies communal agriculture within an urban setting.

Presently, the Garden remains under the guidance and care of dedicated local

volunteers.

Paley Park in New York City (Pocket Park)

Paley Park, named after former CBS Chairman William Paley, was established

through funding from his foundation as both a tribute to his father and an experimental

venture into privately-owned public spaces. Paley collaborated with landscape

architects Zion & Breene Associates to meticulously design every aspect of the park,

situated on a plot measuring just one-tenth of an acre. Upon its opening in 1967, the

park achieved immediate success and has since served as a blueprint for similar

privately-owned public spaces across New York City. Notably, Paley Park was featured

in William H. Whyte’s documentary film "The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces' '

(1980), which meticulously observed how people interacted with the space throughout

the day (Project for Public Spaces, 2015).

Figure 2-8. Paley Park.

33
 The beauty of Paley Park lies in its design, offering a tranquil retreat amidst the

hustle and bustle of Midtown Manhattan. Every element of the park has been

meticulously crafted to minimize urban noise and foster a serene atmosphere. To shield

the space from street noise and enhance privacy, the entire park is subtly elevated from

street level by a series of steps. Despite its peaceful ambiance akin to a secluded oasis,

Paley Park remains popular and well-frequented due to its central location and design,

making it easily accessible and visible to pedestrians passing by on the street.

Elizabeth Street Garden in New York City (Pocket Park with a community garden)

Elizabeth Street Garden used to be an outdoor community space in 1882 until

the 1970s where it was demolished and leased to Elizabeth Street Gallery owner Allan

Reiver in 1991 (The Cultural Landscape Foundation, 2024). It is a purposefully

designed cultural environment rooted in the dual traditions of community activism and

outsider art. Christy's contribution to the urban community garden movement had a

widespread impact, extending across the nation. In recognition of this, the garden

received recognition in 2013 with its inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places

as a component of the Bowery Historic District. This designation reflects a significant

period spanning nearly 350 years, from 1626 to 1975.

34
Figure 2-9. Elizabeth Street Garden.

Theoretical Background

This section discusses the theories that will be used and applied in the study,

discussing how it is applied and how the theories interconnect with each other. The

theories include the environmental preservation theory, adaptive reuse theory, and place

attachment theory.

Environmental Preservation theory advocates for the protection of land and their

natural resources, asserting that these natural resources be conserved in their pristine

state (Scott, L., 2023). In revitalizing Estero Parian and emphasizing its historic

connection to Colon Street, the environmental preservation theory guides efforts to

minimize environmental impact. By integrating proper design into the restoration plan,

efforts can be made to minimize ecological disruption and maintain the pristine condition

of the natural landscape of Estero Parian. This could involve strategies such as

preserving green spaces, enhancing biodiversity, and minimizing pollution. Additionally

emphasizing the historic connection to Colon Street can further highlight the

35
significance of preserving the natural environment as it existed during historical periods,

enhancing the overall authenticity and cultural value of the revitalized space. This theory

not only underscores the significance of maintaining Estero Parian’s natural resources

and ecosystems in their pristine state, but also contributes to the overall sustainability

and ecological health of the revitalized area.

The theory of Adaptive Reuse in architecture is a sustainable design strategy that

involves repurposing existing buildings, complementing the sense of place theory by

repurposing existing structures to give them new functions while retaining their

historical, cultural, or architectural significance (European Architectural History Network,

2024). Repurposing an old/abandoned building into a Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

aligns with this principle, as it promotes sustainability and preserves the architectural

heritage of the community along Estero Parian. This approach not only minimizes waste

but also maintains the aesthetic and cultural integrity of the area, contributing to the

overall sense of place.

Place Attachment theory is described as the positive response to environments,

evolving from interactions between a person and place. This could also be the bond

formed from activities between individuals in a specific place (Relph, 1976; Altman &

Low, 1992; Yi, Y., 2024). This theory contributes to a sense of belonging, identity, and

well-being within the community. In the context of designing a community-centered park

enriched with sustainable landscaping, this theory highlights the importance of creating

a space that resonates with the residents values and preferences. By incorporating

sustainable elements and providing opportunities for social interaction, the park can

36
strengthen residents’ attachment to the area while nurturing environmental awareness

and enhancing biodiversity.

In conclusion, the revitalization of Estero Parian embodies a holistic approach

that draws upon the principles of these theories. Through the preservation of the

community’s unique spaces and historical structures, a deep sense of identity and

belonging is cultivated among the local community. By repurposing old structures for

new functions, while respecting their cultural significance, the project not only conserves

resources but also maintains the historical character of Estero Parian. Moreover,

community engagement and collaboration foster trust, cooperation, and a sense of

ownership, which enhances social cohesion and overall well-being within the

community. Together, these theories inform a comprehensive strategy that honors the

past, meets the present, and paves the way for a vibrant, sustainable, and inclusive

future for the community.

Conceptual Framework

This section presents the theories mentioned in the theoretical background,

creating a framework on how the theories will be used in studying the problem and will

be used to inform the methodology of this research.

37
Figure 2-10. Conceptual Framework.

The first objective uses the theory of Environmental Preservation. It informs the

objective by emphasizing the need to balance historic restoration with environmental

conservation to ensure the long-term sustainability of Estero Parian. This theory offers a

comprehensive framework, highlighting the crucial need to conserve natural resources,

protect ecosystems, and advocate for sustainable practices to maintain environmental

health and balance. Within this framework, distinct sub branches address specific

aspects of environmental preservation. These are ecosystem preservation, sustainable

land use, and community engagement.

Ecosystem Preservation prioritizes safeguarding a variety of ecosystems, from

forest to wetlands, oceans, and other natural habits. Its goal is to preserve biodiversity,

prevent habitat destruction, and promote sustainable management practices for the

long-term health and resilience of ecosystems. Sustainable land use further ensures

38
responsible building practices that help minimize environmental impact, preserve

natural resources, and create spaces that benefit both residents and visitors. Moreover,

community engagement plays a crucial role by mobilizing caring locals to actively

participate in conservation efforts, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility for

the well-being of Estero Parian among the local community.

The second objective aligns with the Adaptive Reuse Theory. This is the

repurposing of unused and/or abandoned buildings, giving them a new purpose and

function for modern use, meeting present-day demands. This is also done on historic

structures that are unused, repurposing them for new functions while paying homage to

their cultural and historical significance. By repurposing these buildings, they become

lively community areas, highlighting their individual charm, while also reducing

environmental impact. This combination offers a sustainable and culturally valuable

approach to urban renewal, revitalizing neglected spaces while preserving their

historical value.

The Adaptive Reuse Design and revitalization efforts surrounding Estero Parian

not only seek to transform the physical landscape but also aim to enrich the

community's social fabric. This endeavor draws upon various frameworks to

comprehensively understand its aims and potential impact. Initially, the creation of

community-centered spaces with sustainable landscaping strategies resonates with the

creation of community-centered spaces with sustainable landscaping strategies

resonates with principles of Urban Regeneration. Urban Regeneration focuses on

revitalizing urban areas to improve quality of life, promote economic development, and

enhance environmental sustainability. By repurposing underutilized spaces with Estero

39
Parian and incorporating sustainable landscaping practices, the project aims to breathe

new life into the community while preserving cultural heritage.

The third objective utilizes the Place Attachment theory, which emphasizes the

emotional and psychological bonds people form with their surroundings.By Designing a

community-centered space enriched with sustainable landscaping strategies, the project

fosters a sense of ownership and pride among the residents, encouraging active

participation in the care and maintenance of the revitalized space. Through community

engagement, activities, such as volunteer clean-up efforts, educational workshops, and

cultural events, the project strengthens social ties, promotes environmental literacy, and

reinforces the sense of place attachment among stakeholders.

In conclusion, The Adaptive Reuse Design and revitalization efforts

surrounding Estero Parian are guided by Environmental Preservation, Adaptive Reuse,

and Place theories, each contributing to a comprehensive approach to sustainable

urban development. Environmental Preservation emphasizes the need to balance

historic restoration with environmental conservation, ensuring the long-term

sustainability of the area. Adaptive Reuse theory repurposed unused buildings,

revitalizing neglected spaces while preserving historical value. Place attachment theory

fosters community engagement and emotional connections to the revitalized space.

Together, these frameworks create inclusive, sustainable, and society vibrant spaces

that enrich the lives of community members, promote environmental stewardship, and

preserve cultural heritage.

40
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and

quantitative research methods to comprehensively investigate the revitalization of

Estero Parian, integrating cultural preservation, community engagement, and

sustainable development strategies. This approach allows for a nuanced understanding

of the complex social, cultural, and environmental dynamics surrounding the proposed

revitalization. Through qualitative research methods such as reviewing online resources

such as articles, journals, and case studies, we seek to explore community perceptions,

needs, and aspirations regarding Estero Parian. Meanwhile, quantitative research

methods such as site analysis through field surveys and observations provide statistical

insights and empirical evidence to support the findings. This mixed-methods approach

facilitates a multi-dimensional examination of the revitalization process, enabling the

researchers to uncover insights, identify patterns, and develop evidence-based

strategies that resonate with the community’s needs and aspirations, contributing to the

development of effective strategies for Estero Parian’s revitalization.

Research Design / Framework

This section presents the entire process of the study, reflected in a diagram

showing the relationship of each section.

41
Figure 3-1. Research Framework.

The proposal for addressing the issues surrounding the Estero Parian has

pinpointed three key challenges within the community. These encompass the

undervaluing of the rich historical significance of Estero Parian, the environmental

degradation of Estero Parian and the surrounding community due to pollution and poor

waste management, and the lack of open spaces for greeneries and recreational

facilities. To tackle these issues and challenges, three interconnected objectives have

been established, each rooted in distinct theories. These theories encompass the

environmental preservation theory, adaptive reuse theory, and the place attachment

theory.

The first objective, which is to address the revitalization of Estero Parian while

also emphasizing its connection to Colon St. is rooted in the Environmental

Preservation theory, guided by three core principles: sustainable land use, community

42
engagement, and adaptive management through long-term monitoring. Sustainable

land use practices prioritize conservation and minimize human impact, necessitating an

exploration of zoning regulations in the Estero Parian area. Community engagement is

pivotal, requiring an assessment of local involvement and past efforts in safeguarding

the river. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management demand resources for

sustained observation and the assimilation of best practices from similar projects to

effectively address emerging challenges.

For the second objective, which is the repurposing of an existing building into a

Material Recovery Facility (MRF), adopts the Adaptive Reuse theory. This theory is

centered on three principles: cultural heritage conservation, ensuring sustainability, and

minimizing environmental impact. Each principle has a set of needed data to gather.

The historical or archival records will inform cultural heritage conservation efforts, while

reuse potential assessment will gauge sustainability. Moreover, assessing renewable

energy potential will further mitigate environmental impact, completing the framework for

effective adaptation and revitalization.

For the third objective which addresses the need for a park, it uses the Place

Attachment theory, guided by the principles of Social Inclusivity, Social Interaction, and

Functional Diversity. The principle of Social Inclusivity helps create an inclusive and

welcoming environment that accommodates diverse needs and preferences. For the

principle of Functional Diversity, it provides a variety of amenities and activities that

cater to different interests and needs within the community. Lastly, for Social Interaction,

this principle helps facilitate social interaction and cohesion through the design of the

park. Guided by these principles, the needed data to gather are the accessibility matrix

43
and amenity inventory. Through these, the project aims to cultivate a lively and inclusive

environment that fosters strong social bonds and a profound attachment to Estero

Parian among its residents.

To gather comprehensive data, a multi-faceted approach will be employed,

harnessing online resources including case studies, articles, and scholarly journals. The

utilization of Google Maps will provide valuable spatial context, followed by an actual

field survey and observations. These research instruments will converse to delve into

historical records, online repositories, and archives, unraveling the area’s historical

significance and intricacies of community connections.

The proposed framework for addressing Estero Parian’s challenges, which are

rooted in Environmental Preservation, Adaptive Reuse, and Place Attachment theories,

will be analyzed through a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and

quantitative methods. This includes qualitative and content analysis for online research

for articles, journals, and case studies, alongside site analysis involving on-site

assessments through field surveys and observations. These analyses will inform

architectural programming, guiding the creation of the proposal aimed at revitalizing

Estero Parian.

Research Procedures

The research procedures of this study encompasses the research environment,

research instruments, the gathering of data, and the analysis of data. The study will

utilize a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data from diverse sources,

including online research, archival records, and field surveys and observations. By

following these procedures, the study aims to develop informed strategies for

revitalizing the Estero Parian community.

44
Research Environment

Figure 3-2 . Map of the Surrounding Community of Estero Parian.

The research environment encompasses the Parian district of Cebu City,

particularly focusing on the vicinity of Estero Parian, approximately encompassing an

area of 180, 475.43 sqm.

This area represents a historically significant and culturally rich urban district

facing environmental degradation due to pollution and poor waste management. The

lack of care by the residents in the community has contributed to the river’s degradation,

leading to health risks for the local residents. By situating the research within this

context, the study aims to address these challenges by proposing a Material Recovery

Center and a park in the community.

Research Instruments

To comprehensively address challenges to Estero Parian, various research tools

will be used. Online resources like case studies and scholarly articles will offer insights

45
into environmental preservation, adaptive reuse, and place attachment. Google Maps

will provide spatial context, while on-site surveys will assess Estero Parian’s current

state, and historical records will uncover its significance and past efforts. Qualitative and

content analysis will examine online findings, and site analysis will evaluate accessibility

and social dynamics. This multifaceted approach aims to inform a framework for

addressing the challenges of Estero Parian. In this case, compromising online research

encompassing articles, websites, and case studies, in addition to extensive field surveys

and observation, will be implemented as follows:

Online Research

Online research can provide valuable background information and context for

urban revitalization efforts in Estero Parian. It offers insights into the area's cultural

significance, environmental challenges, and past revitalization efforts. Additionally,

platforms like Google Maps aids in gaining spatial context and comprehending the

geographical layout of Estero Parian and its surrounding area, facilitating visualization

of physical features and infrastructure. Overall, online research serves as a foundational

step, informing subsequent data collection and analysis for the project.

Qualitative and Content Analysis

Analyzing online research findings, including articles, journals, and case studies,

qualitatively identifies key themes, patterns, and insights relevant to the proposed

framework. Content analysis of textual data extracted from online resources enables the

extraction of meaningful information related to environmental preservation, adaptive

reuse, and place attachment.

Historical Records and Archives

46
 Exploring historical records, archives, and local repositories unveils Estero

Parian historical significance and past community efforts related to river conservation

and revitalization, offering valuable insights into its heritage and development.

Field Surveys and Observations

This is essential for gathering firsthand data on the current state of Estero Parian,

including its physical condition, environmental features, and community usage patterns.

These methods involve direct interaction with the area, allowing researchers to

document specific characteristics, identify potential challenges, and assess the need for

revitalization interventions. By conducting field surveys and observations, researchers

can gather valuable insights that complement other data collection methods, informing

evidence-based decisions and strategies for urban revitalization in Estero Parian.

In conclusion, the comprehensive approach outlined incorporates various

research tools to address the challenges facing Estero Parian. By blending online

research, qualitative analysis, historical exploration, and on-site surveys, a rich

understanding of the area's context, challenges, and potential solutions emerges. This

multifaceted approach not only informs a framework for addressing Estero Parian's

issues but also ensures that interventions are rooted in evidence and community

engagement. Through these concerted efforts, urban revitalization in Estero Parian can

be pursued with a holistic understanding and strategic direction.

Gathering of Data

The data collection process will be multi-faceted, combining both primary and

secondary sources to gather comprehensive insights into the revitalization of Estero

Parian. Secondary data, comprising online research through articles, journals, and case

studies, will serve as the initial foundation, offering diverse perspectives and insights

47
into similar revitalization projects. Additionally, the utilization of Google Maps will

facilitate a preliminary understanding of the site’s features and context.

Subsequently, primary data collection will be initiated through a field survey and

observations conducted directly within the Estero Parian community. These first hand

investigations will provide invaluable insights into the local environment, capturing

nuanced details and community dynamics not easily discernible from secondary

sources alone. By integrating primary and secondary data, the research aims to

holistically understand the community’s needs and aspirations, thus guiding the design

and implementation of effective revitalization strategies tailored to the unique context of

Estero Parian.

Analysis of Data

The data analysis will involve categorizing collected data into qualitative and

quantitative subsets. Qualitative data from online research will undergo content analysis

to extract insights on zoning regulations, community involvement, restoration projects,

and cultural heritage conservation. Additionally, qualitative analysis will be applied to

historical records. Quantitative data from Google Maps and site measurements will

undergo site analysis to explore spatial characteristics and accessibility data. Findings

from both analyses will be calibrated to generate comprehensive insights and

recommendations for the revitalization project, prioritizing sustainable development and

heritage preservation in Estero Parian. The table below summarizes the kind of data

analysis that each objective will undergo.

Coordination Schema

Sub-objective Variable or Research Data to Gather Data

Parameter Instrument Treatment /

48
 Analysis

Develop a Physical Online ● Restoration ● Content

comprehensive Setting Research; Projects: case Analysis
plan for articles, studies of best ● Site
restoring websites, practices from Analysis
Estero Parian and/or case similar restoration
while studies and projects
emphasizing its Field ● Zoning
historic Observations Regulations in the
connection to vicinity
Colon St.
Cultural Online ● Community ● Content
Setting Research; Involvement and Analysis
articles, Revitalization
websites Efforts: past efforts
to protect and
revitalize the area

Repurpose an Cultural Online ● Historical/archival ● Content

old/abandoned Setting Research; records: Assess Analysis
building into a articles, the cultural
Material websites, significance of the
Recovery and/or case building
Facility (MRF) studies

Spatial and Online ● Assessment for ● Site

Functional Research; Reuse Potential: Analysis
Requireme articles, ○ MRF spacial
nts websites, requirements
and/or case and its
studies and functions
Field ○ Space
Observations dimensions

Physical Online ● Renewable ● Qualitative

Setting Research; Energy Potential: Analysis
Google Maps; Assess the
Site building’s location,
Documentation building orientation
and layout.

Design a Physical Site ● Accessibility Data: ● Site

community- Setting Documentation Assess the area to Analysis
centered space and Field identify potential
in a park Observations barriers to
accessibility.

49
 ○ Accessibility
Standards:
refer to local
accessibility
standards and
guidelines to
ensure that the
design of the
park meets
regulatory
requirements
and best
practices for
accessibility.

Circulation; Online ● Amenity inventory: ● Qualitative

Recreation Research; research best Analysis
al articles, practices and ● Correlate
Opportuniti websites, innovative activity to
es and/or case approaches to spaces
studies functional diversity
in public space
design, both
locally and
globally, to inform
the selection and
design of
amenities for the
park.

Table 3-1. Coordination Schema.

50
 CHAPTER 4

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

This chapter serves as a conduit to communicate valuable insights and findings..

Through meticulous methodologies and rigorous data collection techniques, clear and

concise datasets are generated, aligning closely with the objectives outlined in the

study. The data presented provides an overview, addressing the specific requirements

set forth by the objectives, and offers valuable insights into the subject matter at hand.

Existing Buildings and/or Infill Sites

This section presents the observations of the surrounding community of Estero

Parian, locating and mapping out the existing buildings and/or infill sites for the proposal

of a park and adaptive reuse of a Material Recovery Facility (MRF).

Figure 4-1. Map for Existing Buildings and/or Infill Sites for Adaptive Reuse. Orange for
Buildings and Red for Infill Sites.

51
 Table 4-1 presents tha datas and observations corresponding to Figure 4-1,

which depicts a map outlining existing buildings and/or infill sites suitable for the

proposal. The table categorizes each building or site by a numerical code, identifies its

current use (whether unused, industrial, etc.), and provides an estimate of its

approximate area. This comprehensive overview serves to facilitate the identification

and assessment of potential options for the chosen site of the proposal.

Code Name Category Present Approximate

Use Area (sqm)

B1 Guan Yu Buddhist Temple" Existing N/A 180

Building

B2 Cebu People's Coop Existing Unused 1150

Building

B3 N/A Existing Unused 430

Building

52
B4 N/A Existing Unused 75
Building

B5 N/A Existing Unused 30

Building

I1 N/A Infill Site N/A 550

I2 N/A Infill Site N/A 300

B6 N/A Existing N/A 160

Building

53
B7 F.M Palanca Residence (1) Existing Unused 120
Building

B8 N/A Existing Industrial 1200

Building

I3 N/A Infill Site N/A 180

54
B9 Ancestral House Existing Unused 60
Building

B10 F.M Palanca Residence (2) Existing Unused 90

Building

I4 N/A (Previously Guangko Iron Infill Site Unused 500

Works Inc.)

B11 N/A Existing Industrial 310

Building

55
B12 N/A Existing Unused 540
Building

B13 N/A Existing Unused 1500

Building

B14 Abella Marine Supplier (Palma Existing Junk 300

Lodge) Building Shop

B15 Yap Anton Warehouse Existing Industrial 3200

Building (Tempora
rily
Closed)

56
 B16 Hi-Speed Rebuilders Existing Industrial 1900
Building

B17 GBMI Warehouse Sweetlines Existing Industrial 1900

Building

Table 4-1. Existing Buildings and/or Infill Sites for Adaptive Reuse.

Revitalization of Estero Parian

This section addresses the first objective of the research to “Develop a

comprehensive plan integrating proper design, restoring Estero Parian while

emphasizing its historic connection to Colon St”.

The historical connection of Estero Parian and Colon Street remains obscured

from view, as urban development has concealed the river, relegating it to an

underground waterways beneath the bustling streets of Colon. This hidden waterways

strips the people of the opportunity to appreciate and connect with the historical

significance and cultural heritage embodied by these intertwined cultural sites. The

figure below shows a diagram of the connection between the two historic sites (Figure

4-2).

57
Figure 4-2. Connection between Estero Parian and Colon Street. The color blue
represents the river and the color purple indicates the lost connection of
Estero Parian and Colon Street.

Zoning Regulations on Bodies of Water

Zoning regulations in the Philippines govern the development near bodies of

water to protect resources and promote sustainability. Local government units (LGUs)

enforce these regulations in coordination with national agencies like the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Department of Public Works and

Highways (DPWH). Compliance with these regulations is crucial to ensure sustainable

urban development and water resource protection.

Presidential Decree No. 1067 (Chanrobles Virtual Law Library, n.d.)

The Presidential Decree No.1067, commonly referred to as the Water Code of

the Philippines, is a decree for governing the ownership, appropriation, utilization,

58
exploitation, development, conservation, and protection of water resources. Enacted on

Dec 31, 1976, this decree lays out fundamental principles and regulations to ensure the

responsible management of water sources across the country.

Article 51. The banks or rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes
throughout their entire length and
● within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas,
● twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and
● forty (40) meters in forest areas,
along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use in the
interest of recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing and salvage. No
person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is
necessary for recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing or salvage or to
build structures of any kind.

Table 4-2. Regulations for public use along bodies of water, including zone dimensions,
allowed activities, and restrictions on stays and construction.

Design Considerations

To address the first objective of developing a comprehensive plan to restore

Estero Parian while emphasizing its historic connection to Colon Street, several key

factors should be incorporated:

● Sustainable Land Use Practices - In restoring the Estero Parian, it is important to

make sure the design helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promote
social inclusion and diversity, enhance public health and well-being, conserve
natural resources, and support economic development.
● Preservation of Historic Connection - A historic preservation project is an asset to
a community as it helps them have pride while also appreciating local and
national history connected to it. Preserving it’s historic connection also adds to
aesthetic value, creates business opportunities, and provides historical context
for future generations.
● Community Engagement - To have an efficient community engagement, it
requires to have a deeper connection and understanding just like a relationship.
It requires accountability, actions when there is a problem, and impact to the
community.

59
 ● Adaptive Management - Considered as one of the most important design
considerations to all. While designing, it is important to land and asset managers
will make strategies and decision points can be introduced to ensure that spaces
remain in a desired and fit for purpose state.
● Accessibility, Creating setbacks - The building design of a building must take into
account the relationship between accessibility and sustainability. In essence,
buildings lacking accessibility features cannot be deemed sustainable. A
sustainable building is attuned to both its environmental impact and the needs of
its occupants. Consequently, it's imperative that most building amenities are
communal to minimize resource wastage and energy consumption, thus
promoting sustainability. Additionally, the incorporation of adjustable height
workstations is essential to cater to diverse workspace requirements, including
those of individuals with disabilities.
Adaptive Reuse of an MRF

This section addresses the second objective of the research to “Repurpose an

old/abandoned building into a Material Recovery Facility (MRF), combining waste

management with cultural preservation”. To inform the proposal of a park, datas

regarding the laws and regulations, spatial requirements, and also the equipments

needed in an MRF will be collected and discussed.

Standards and Regulations of MRFs

The minimum floor area required to establish a Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

can vary depending on factors such as the size of the area it will serve, the volume of

waste generated, and the specific needs of the community.

The National Building Code (National Building Code of the Philippines, 1977)

In accordance to the National Building Code, Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)

fall under Group G, Division 1 occupancy classification. Group G encompasses facilities

related to storage and hazardous activities, with further divisions specifying the nature

and scale of these activities. MRFs involved in the management of solid and liquid

waste, are categorized within Division 1 of Group G, which pertains to medium industrial

60
activities. This classification signifies that MRFs may involve the storage and handling of

materials that are potentially hazardous or highly flammable. Complying with this

classification ensures adherence to safety regulations specific to MRF operations.

Republic Act No. 9003 (Lawphil, n.d.)

Republic Act No. 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management

Act of 2000, provides for an ecological solid waste management program, creating the

necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited

and providing penalties, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes. This act

pertains to the establishment of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs).

Section 32. There shall be established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in

Establishment of every barangay or cluster of barangays. The facility shall be
LGU Materials established in a barangay-owned or -leased land or any suitable
Recovery Facility open space to be determined by the barangay through its
Sanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay or cluster of
barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF. The
MRF shall receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation,
composting, and recycling. The resulting residual wastes shall be
transferred to a long term storage or disposal facility or sanitary
landfill.

Section 33. Materials recovery facilities shall be designed to receive, sort,

Guidelines for process and store compostable and recyclable material efficiently
Establishment of and in an environmentally sound manner. The facility shall
Materials address the following considerations:
Recovery Facility
(a) The building and/or land layout and equipment must be
designed to accommodate efficient and safe materials
processing, movement, and storage; and

(b) The building must be designed to allow efficient and

safe external access and to accommodate internal flow.

Table 4-3. R.A. 9003, Article IV - Recycling Program, Section 32 and Section 33.

61
 These sections collectively address jey aspects of waste management in the

Philippines, emphasizing the establishment of MRFs for resource recovery and the

closure and rehabilitation of environmentally harmful dumpsites to promote sustainable

waste management practices.

According to the R.A. 9003, there is no specific minimum floor area mandated in

its implementation. It is generally recommended that MRFs have adequate space to

accommodate waste sorting, processing, storage, and other related activities efficiently.

Design Standards for MRFs (Materials Recovery Facility Tool Kit, 2013)

According to the Materials Recovery Facility Tool Kit, published by the Asian

Development Bank, a typical Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) comprises a

warehouse-style building with concrete flooring and perimeter fencing for security.

Essential components include:

● receiving or tipping area,

● sorting/processing area,
● storage area for recyclables,
● residuals storage area,
● equipment area,
● office space, and
● loading area for residuals and processed recyclables.
Basic utilities like water and electricity connections are required, along with

provisions for washing and a septic tank. The design prioritizes minimal column

placement to facilitate efficient material movement and installation of higher ceilings.

Receiving areas should accommodate at least 2 days worth of processing capacity to

account for potential equipment breakdowns and second-shift operations.

62
 Tables 4-4 and 4-5 illustrate the distribution of spatial requirements for various

categories of MRFs alongside their corresponding capacities for processing waste tons

per day. These tables underscore the correlation between increased capacity, whether

through automation or greater daily waste processing, and the need for larger spatial

allocations to accommodate such operations effectively. Additionally, Table 4-6 further

outlines the specific MRF requirements associated with different types, providing a

comprehensive overview of spatial needs across various MRF classifications.

Type of MRF Spatial Requirements

Manually operated MRFs ● at least 50 sqm roofed floor area

(capacities of less than 2 tpd) ● containing only the receiving, processing,
and storage areas.

Semi-automated to fully ● require areas ranging from 150 sqm to 1,500

mechanized facilities sqm
● excluding parking and buffer zones.

Table 4-4. Summary of floor area requirements for Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
based on their processing capacities.

Tons Per Day (tpd) Spatial Requirements

Less than 10 tons of recyclable ● not exceeding 1,400 sqm

waste per day

Waste not exceeding 100 tpd ● about 1,800 sqm

Table 4-5. Recommended building area specifications for Material Recovery Facilities
(MRFs) based on the volume of recyclable waste that are processed daily.

Type of MRF MRF Equipment

Manual ● sorting tables

● weighing scales
● baler
● payloader

63
Semi-automated ● conveyor system (could be aided by a loader
to facilitate sorting)

Automated ● screens
● magnetic separators
● air classifiers
● and conveyor systems with options for more
than one processing line

Table 4-6. Essential equipment used in Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) of varying
levels of automation.

Figures 4-3 and 4-4, illustrate diagrams depicting the typical layout of both

Manual MRF and Automated MRF, respectively. These diagrams provide an overview of

the essential areas required within MRF spaces, offering a visual representation of the

standard configuration for both manual and automated waste management facilities.

The Manual MRF consists of spaces for the loading ramp, receiving area,

residual area, sorting tables, and waste segregation, such as tin/aluminum cans,

metals, paper/carton, plastic bottles, etc. An office space will also be required in the

Manual MRF (Figure 4-3).

Figure 4-3. Diagram of a Manual Material Recovery Facility (MRF).

64
 The Automated MRF will be generally larger than the Manual MRF. The

Automated MRF will consist of spaces for the loading ramp, receiving area, area for the

equipments, such as conveyor, paper screen, magnetic separator, air classifier, and etc.

to separate the waste (Figure 4-4).

Figure 4-4. Diagram of an Automated Material Recovery Facility (MRF).

Renewable Energy Potential

The incorporation of renewable energy into the proposed Material Recovery

Facility (MRF) for Estero Parian offers a sustainable solution to environmental

challenges. The Philippines’ abundant renewable energy resources, coupled with

supportive government policies, provide an opportunity to power MRF operations with

clean energy. By harnessing solar, wind, or biomass energy, the MRF can reduce its

environmental footprint and contribute to the country’s energy transition goals while

addressing waste management issues in Estero Parian. Integrating renewable energy

solutions into MRFs not only decreases reliance on fossil fuels and energy that

65
consumes the planet, but also promotes environmental preservation and sustainable

waste management methods. Working together with governmental bodies, private

sector collaborators, and international entities can enable the securing of funding,

sharing of technology, and advancement of capabilities to unlock the renewable energy

possibilities of MRFs in the Philippines.

Park Design

This section addresses the third objective, “Design a community-centered space

enriched with sustainable landscaping strategies, nurturing environmental awareness

and enhancing biodiversity”. The presentation of data centers on creating a

community-focused space enriched with sustainable landscaping methods, fostering

environment consciousness, and boosting biodiversity. Aligned with planning and

design standards for parks, this objective covers various aspects including standards

and regulations, accessibility data, and amenity inventory. Through examination of

these elements, we aim to offer insights into the planning and design process of the

proposed park. This involves ensuring compliance with legal regulations, enhancing

community involvement, promoting inclusivity, and elevating the overall visitor

experience.

Standards and Regulations in Designing a Park

The proposal of a park will be informed by the standards and regulations of

designing a park, considering the standards set in the National Building Code and

Accessibility Law.

The National Building Code (National Building Code of the Philippines, 1977)

66
 The National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) establishes the minimal

criteria for the planning, construction, and upkeep of buildings and infrastructure,

encompassing parks and recreational areas. It outlines guidelines concerning site

layout, inclusivity, landscaping, drainage systems, and safety measurements, all aimed

at guaranteeing the effectiveness and utility.

In accordance with Section 701 of the NBCP, the creation of a park in the vicinity

of Estero Parian falls under Group A, Division 1 occupancy classified. This classification

encompasses residential buildings, community facilities, social centers, and recreational

spaces operated by the government or private entities. Parks, playgrounds, pocket

parks, promenades, and playlots are specifically included in this classification. Adhering

to this classification ensures that a park is designed and developed in accordance with

safety and regulatory standards applicable to recreational areas, contributing to the

enhancement of the surrounding environment and community well-being.

For the proposed park near Estero Parian, several requirements from Group A

dwelling standards can guide the design (Table 4-7). These include ensuring sufficient

natural light and ventilation, incorporating sanitation facilities, and utilizing dimensions

and anchoring methods for park structures. Clear entrances and exits are essential for

visitor flow and accessibility. Adhering to these standards prioritizes safety, accessibility,

and sustainability while fostering community engagement in the green space.

Section 708. Minimum (b) Light and Ventilation: Every dwelling shall be so
Requirements for Group constructed and arranged as to provide adequate light and
A Dwellings ventilation as provided under Section 805 to Section 811,
of this Code.
(c) Sanitation: Every dwelling shall be provided with at
least one sanitary toilet and adequate washing and
drainage facilities.
(i) Entrance and Exit: There shall be at least one entrance

67
 and another one for exit.
(j) Electrical Requirements: All electrical installations shall
conform to the requirements of the Philippine Electrical
Code.
(k) Mechanical Requirements: Mechanical systems and/or
equipment installation shall be subject to the requirement
of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code.

Table 4-7. Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings, Section 708.

The inclusion of specific provisions regarding drainage systems and wastewater

disposal in the National Building Code of the Philippines is critical for addressing the

challenges faced by Estero Parian.

Firstly, Section 904 of the code emphasizes that rainwater drainage should not

discharge into the sanitary sewer system (Table 4-8). This provision is essential for

preventing the overload of the sewerage system during heavy rainfall events, which can

lead to flooding and waterlogging in areas like Estero Parian. By ensuring that rainwater

is properly managed through separate storm drainage systems, the risk of flooding

within the park and surrounding areas can be significantly reduced.

Section 904. Storm (a) Rainwater drainage shall not discharge to the sanitary
Drainage System sewer system.
(b) Adequate provisions shall be made to drain low areas
in buildings and their premises.

Table 4-8. Storm Drainage System.

Additionally, Section 903 outlines requirements for wastewater disposal, including

provisions for buildings without access to a sanitary sewerage system (Table 4-9). For

areas like Estero Parian, which may not have immediate access to municipal sewerage

68
systems, the use of septic tanks and subsurface absorption fields can provide a

practical solution for sewage disposal while minimizing environmental pollution.

Section 903. (a) Sanitary sewage from buildings and neutralized or

Wastewater Disposal pre-treated industrial wastewater shall
System be discharged directly into the nearest street sanitary
sewer main of existing municipal or city sanitary
sewerage system in accordance with the criteria set by the
Code on Sanitation and the National
Pollution Control Commission.
(b) All buildings located in areas where there are no
available sanitary sewerage system
shall dispose their sewage “Imhoff” or septic tank and
subsurface absorption field.
(c) Sanitary and industrial plumbing installations inside
buildings and premises shall conform
to the provisions of the National Plumbing Code.

Table 4-9. Wastewater Disposal System.

Furthermore, Section 1001 emphasizes the importance of ensuring that building

structures do not encroach beyond property lines, which is crucial for preserving the

integrity of public spaces like parks and recreational areas (Table 4-10). By adhering to

these guidelines, developers and planners can avoid encroaching on areas designated

for stormwater drainage or impeding the flow of water within Estero Parian.

Section 1001. General (a) No part of any building or structure or any of its
Requirements appendages shall project beyond the
property line of the building site, except as provided in this
Code.
(b) The projection of any structure or appendage over a
public property shall be the distance
measured horizontally from the property line to the
uttermost point of the projection.

Table 4-10. General Requirements

69
 Overall, the provisions outlined in the National Building Code of the Philippines

play a vital role in addressing the drainage and wastewater disposal challenges faced

by Estero Parian. By adhering to these regulations and implementing appropriate

drainage systems and wastewater management practices, the park can maintain its

functionality, safety, and aesthetic appeal while mitigating the risk of flooding and

environmental degradation. -

Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Disability Information Resources, n.d.)

The Accessibility Law, or Batas Pambansa Bilang 344, is a legislation in the

Philippines that compels the installation of infrastructure to guarantee ease of access for

individuals with disabilities (PWDs). It mandates that all government structures,

organizations, businesses, and public services must incorporate features like ramps,

handrails, and other assistance devices to assist PWDs in their mobility. The primary

objective of this law is to foster inclusivity and ensure that PWDs have equal

opportunities in the society that they live in.

Integrating the guidelines outlined in Batas Pambansa Bilang 344, commonly

known as the Accessibility Law, into the design of parks is essential to guarantee their

inclusivity and accessibility for individuals of all abilities, including those with disabilities.

This law requires the installation of features like ramps, pathways, and other amenities

aimed at facilitating convenient navigation and enjoyment of the park for persons with

disabilities (PWDs). By following the standards set forth in the Accessibility Law during

the planning and design stages of parks, designers can design environments that foster

inclusiveness, enabling PWDs to engage fully in recreational pursuits and relish outdoor

experiences just like any other park visitor.

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Rule II. Section 1.1. The categories of disability dictate the varied measures to
Categories of Disabled be adopted in order to create an accessible environment
Persons for the handicapped. Disabled persons under these Rules
may be classified into those who have:

1.1.1 Impairments requiring confinement to

wheelchairs; or
1.1.2 Impairments causing difficulty or insecurity in
walking or climbing stairs or requiring the use of
braces, crutches or other artificial supports; or
impairments caused by amputation, arthritis, spastic
conditions or pulmonary, cardiac or other ills
rendering individuals semi-ambulatory; or
1.1.3 Total or partial impairments of hearing or sight
causing insecurity or likelihood of exposure to
danger in public places; or
1.1.4 Impairments due to conditions of aging and
incoordination;
1.1.5 Mental impairments whether acquired or
congenital in nature.

Rule II. Section 1.2. The minimum and maximum dimensions for spaces in the
Anthropometrics and built environment should consider the following criteria:
Dimensional Data as
Guides for Design 1.2.1 The varying sizes and structures of persons of
both sexes, their reaches and their lines of sight at
both the standing and sitting positions.
1.2.2 The dimensional data of the technical aids of
disabled persons.
Included in the second consideration are the
dimensions of wheelchairs; the minimum space
needed for locking and unlocking leg braces plus
the range of distance of crutches and other walking
aids from persons using such devices.
By applying at this very early stage dimensional
criteria which take into account wheelchair usage,
the physical environment will ultimately encourage
and enable wheelchair users to make full use of
their physical surroundings.
1.2.3 The provision of adequate space for
wheelchair maneuvering generally insures
adequate space for disabled persons equipped with
other technical aids or accompanied by assistants.
In determining the minimum dimensions for furniture
and fixtures accessible to disabled persons, the
following anthropometric data shall serve as guides

71
 for design:
● The length of wheelchairs varies from 1.10 m
to 1.30 m.
● The width of wheelchairs is from 0.60 m to
0.75 m.
● A circle of 1.50 m in diameter is a suitable
guide in the planning of wheelchair turning
spaces.
● The comfortable reach of persons confined to
wheelchairs is from 0.70 m to 1.20 m above
the floor and not less than 0.40 m from room
corners. The comfortable clearance for knee
and leg space under tables for wheelchair
users is 0.70 m.
● Counter height shall be placed at a level
comfortable to disabled persons' reach.

Rule II. Section 1.3. No group of people shall be deprived of full participation
Basic Physical Planning and enjoyment of the environment or be made unequal
Requirements with the rest due to any disability. In order to achieve this
goal adopted by the United Nations, certain basic
principles shall be applied:

1.3.1 Accessibility. The built environment shall be

designed so that it shall be accessible to all people.
This means that no criteria shall impede the use of
facilities by either the handicapped or non-disabled
citizens.
1.3.2 Reachability. Provisions shall be adapted and
introduced to the physical environment so that as
many places or buildings as possible can be
reached by all.
1.3.3 Usability. The built environment shall be
designed so that all persons, whether they be
disabled or not, may use and enjoy it.
1.3.4 Orientation. Finding a person's way inside
and outside of a building or open space shall be
made easy for everyone.
1.3.5 Safety. Designing for safety insures that
people shall be able to move about with less
hazards to life and health.
1.3.6 Workability and Efficiency. The built
environment shall be designed to allow the disabled
citizens to participate and contribute to
developmental goals.

72
Table 4-11. Minimum Requirements for Accessibility and the Design Criteria

This offers a detailed breakdown of the accessibility features and provisions

integrated into the park design to ensure inclusivity and equitable access for all users.

Through a comprehensive analysis of accessibility data, including measurements of

pathway widths, slopes, and clearances, as well as the placement of amenities such as

benches, restrooms, and parking spaces, the section evaluates the effectiveness of

these provisions in meeting the diverse needs of park visitors, including individuals with

disabilities, seniors, families with young children, and other marginalized groups.

Furthermore, it considers user feedback and input gathered through community

consultations and accessibility audits to identify potential barriers to access and

recommend strategies for improvement, thereby enhancing the park's usability and

inclusivity.

Park Amenity Inventory

Informed by the amenities found in Riverside Community Garden, Paley Park,

and Elizabeth Street Garden in New York City, the proposal for a new park integrates

insights from their amenity inventories to guide its design development. The amenity

inventory serves as a comprehensive resource detailing the various facilities, features,

and amenities planned for inclusion in the park, aimed at enriching its functionality,

attractiveness, and user experience. Through a meticulous analysis of the inventory

data, this section examines the diversity and quality of amenities offered, considering

factors such as user preferences, community needs, and sustainability standards.

Emphasis is placed on assessing the spatial distribution and layout of amenities within

the park to optimize user flow, accessibility, and interaction. Furthermore, the analysis

73
delves into the potential environmental impacts associated with these amenities, such

as water consumption, energy use, and habitat disruption. It proposes strategies to

mitigate these impacts through the adoption of sustainable design principles,

resource-efficient technologies, and habitat restoration initiatives.

Name of Park Location Area (sqm) Amenities

Riverside Park New York City 4047 ● 1 green park

Community Garden located along ● 2 tennis courts
the Hudson ● 1 playground
River ● 4 lawnparks
● 1 bench
● 1 close with hose
● 1 wooden kiosk
● natural lighting
● concrete paves
● 1 garden grown with
flowers, fruits and
vegetables

Paley Park New York City 390 ● 1 waterfall

● 1 green park
● 4 bench
● natural lighting
● granite walls
● concrete paves
● wheelchair ramps

Elizabeth Street New York City 4047 ● 1 green park

Garden ● workshops
● 1 playground
● 1 garden grown with
flowers, fruits and
vegetables
● housing

Table 4-12. Amenity Inventory of parks.

Park Design Interventions

74
 The proposal of the park will develop an inclusive design, focusing on the

inclusivity and its accessibility to the users. Figure 4-5 shows the design interventions

that can further help inform the development of the park.

Figure 4-5. Design Intervention

Estero Parian Park places a strong emphasis on inclusivity and equitable access

for all visitors, achieved through thoughtful design and integration of accessibility

features. Pathways are carefully planned to accommodate wheelchair users and

individuals with mobility aids, meeting accessibility standards to ensure unobstructed

passage. In addition, sustainable design principles are embraced, including the use of

permeable surfaces such as porous concrete or interlocking pavers in pathways and

gathering areas. Adequate clearance spaces around amenities like benches and picnic

tables enhance maneuverability and accessibility. Moreover, accessible restroom

facilities and parking spaces are strategically positioned for convenience. The park's

75
infrastructure embodies universal design principles, ensuring usability and enjoyment

for people of all ages and abilities. Continuous engagement with the community through

consultations and accessibility audits allows the park to identify and address barriers to

access effectively, fostering a welcoming environment where everyone can fully engage

in park activities.

Site Selection and Site Analysis

This section will discuss the site selection process of the design, creating

criterias for the site selection of the proposal of a park, and the selection of an existing

building/structure for the repurposing of a Material Recovery Facility (MRF).

Site Selection Criteria

The site selection criteria will consist of the site’s size, availability of

transportation, pedestrian access for safety, available utilities, and susceptibility to

hazards.

Scoring Size Transport Pedestria Utilities Storm Flooding

ation n Access Surge Hazards
Hazards

2 pts. MRF: The The lot is Walkways The lot The site is The site
area of by the are has NOT has a
the site RROW properly GOOD frequently LOW level
ranges and has establishe access to visited by of flooding
from 900 access to d and are electricity, typhoons,
to 2000 public elevated water having a
sqm transporta for users supply, & risk class
Park: The tion safety telecomm of 1-2
area of unication
the site is and
500 sqm internet

1 pt. MRF: The The lot is Walkways The lot The site The site
area of by the are not has has a has a
the site RROW properly POOR typhoon MEDIUM

76
 ranges but has establishe access to risk class level of
from 200 NO d and are electricity, of 3-4 flooding
to 900 access to not water
sqm public elevated supply, &
Park: The transporta for safety telecomm
area of tion unication
the site and
ranges internet
from 300
to 500
sqm

0 pt. MRF: The The lot is Users The lot The site is The site
area of NOT by walk on has NO frequently has a
the site is the the same access to visited by HIGH
below 200 RROW lane electricity, typhoons, level of
sqm and has where water having a flooding
Park: The NO public or supply, & risk class
area of access to private telecomm of 5-6
the site is public transport unication
below 300 transporta go and
sqm tion internet

Table 4-13. Site Selection Criteria.

Site Selection Analysis for MRF

Site Approxim Transport Pedestria Utilities Storm Flooding Score

ate Area ation n Access Surge Hazards
(sqm) Hazards

Site 1: Guan Yu Buddhist Temple

180 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site 8
the RROW are not POOR NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has properly access to frequently level of
access to established electricity, visited by flooding
public and are not water typhoons,
transportati elevated for supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on safety telecommu class of 1-2
nication
2pts. 1pt. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 2 Cebu People's Coop

77
 1150 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site 10
the RROW are not POOR NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has properly access to frequently level of
access to established electricity, visited by flooding
public and are not water typhoons,
transportati elevated for supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on safety telecommu class of 1-2
nication
2pts. 1pt. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 3: N/A

430 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site 9
the RROW are not POOR NOT has a LOW
1pt. and has properly access to frequently level of
access to established electricity, visited by flooding
public and are not water typhoons,
transportati elevated for supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on safety telecommu class of 1-2
nication
2pts. 1pt. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 4: N/A

75 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 7
the RROW on the same POOR NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on 0pt. telecommu class of 1-2
nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 5: N/A

30 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 7
the RROW on the same POOR NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 6: N/A

160 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 6
the RROW on the same NO access NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has lane where to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

0pt.

78
Site 7: F.M Palanca Residence (1)

120 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 7
the RROW on the same POOR NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 8: N/A

1200 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 10
the RROW on the same GOOD NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Site 9: Ancestral House

60 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 7
the RROW on the same POOR NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 10: F.M Palanca Residence (2)

90 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 7
the RROW on the same POOR NOT has a LOW
0pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 11: N/A

310 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 9
the RROW on the same GOOD NOT has a LOW
1pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication

79
 2pts. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Site 12: N/A

540 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 10
the RROW on the same GOOD NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Site 13: N/A

1500 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 10
the RROW on the same GOOD NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Site 14: Abella Marine Supplier (Palma Lodge)

300 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site 8
the RROW on the same POOR NOT has a LOW
1pt. and has lane where access to frequently level of
access to public or electricity, visited by flooding
public private water typhoons,
transportati transport go supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
0pt. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

1pt.

Site 15: Yap Anton Warehouse

3200 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site 12
the RROW are properly GOOD NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has established access to frequently level of
access to and are electricity, visited by flooding
public elevated for water typhoons,
transportati users safety supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
2pts. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Site 16: Hi-Speed Rebuilders

80
 1900 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site 12
the RROW are not GOOD NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has properly access to frequently level of
access to established electricity, visited by flooding
public and are not water typhoons,
transportati elevated for supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on safety telecommu class of 1-2
nication
2pts. 1pt. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Site 17: GBMI Warehouse Sweetlines

1900 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site 12
the RROW are properly GOOD NOT has a LOW
2pts. and has established access to frequently level of
access to and are electricity, visited by flooding
public elevated for water typhoons,
transportati users safety supply, & having a risk 2pts.
on telecommu class of 1-2
2pts. nication
2pts. and internet 2pts.

2pts.

Table 4-14. Site Selection Analysis for MRF.

The site selection analysis for the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) involved

evaluating several potential sites based on criteria such as size, transportation access,

pedestrian safety, utility availability, and susceptibility to hazards. Each site was

assigned a score according to these criteria, with higher scores indicating greater

suitability for the development of MRF. Among the evaluated sites, Sites 15, 16 and 17

stood out as particularly promising options, resulting in a score of 12. These sites are

all warehouses and present as promising options for the establishment of a Material

Recovery Facility (MRF).

Site Selection Analysis for Park.

Site Approxim Transport Pedestria Utilities Storm Flooding Score

ate Area ation n Access Surge Hazards
(sqm) Hazards

Site 1: N/A

81
 550 sqm The lot is by Users walk The lot has The site is The site has 9
the RROW on the same POOR NOT a LOW level
2pts. and has lane where access to frequently of flooding
access to public or electricity, visited by
public private water typhoons, 2pts.
transportati transport go supply, & having a
on telecommu risk class of
0pt. nication and 1-2
2pts. internet
2pts.
1pt.

Site 2 N/A

300 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site has 10
the RROW are properly POOR NOT a LOW level
1pt. and has established access to frequently of flooding
access to and are electricity, visited by
public elevated for water typhoons, 2pts.
transportati users safety supply, & having a
on telecommu risk class of
2pts. nication and 1-2
2pts. internet
2pts.
1pt.

Site 3: N/A

180 The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site has 9
the RROW are not POOR NOT a LOW level
0pt. and has properly access to frequently of flooding
access to established electricity, visited by
public and are not water typhoons, 2pts.
transportati elevated for supply, & having a
on safety telecommu risk class of
nication and 1-2
2pts. 1pt. internet
2pts.
1pt.

Site 4: N/A (Previously Guangko Iron Works Inc.)

500 sqm The lot is by Walkways The lot has The site is The site has 10
the RROW are not POOR NOT a MEDIUM
3pts. and has properly access to frequently level of
access to established electricity, visited by flooding
public and are not water typhoons,
transportati elevated for supply, & having a 1pt.
on safety telecommu risk class of
nication and 1-2
2pts. 1pt. internet
2pts.
1pt.

Table 4-15. Site Selection Analysis for Park.

The site selection analysis for the park involved the evaluation of several

potential sites. Among the options, Sites 2 and 4 resulted in a score of 10 points,

82
followed by sites 1 and 3 with a score of 9 points. Further evaluation is needed to select

the best option for a park development.

Space Programming

Listing and Sizing of Spaces

Table 4-16 and 4-17, presents a breakdown of the spaces and amenities within

both the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) and the park, along with their approximate

areas. Adjustments can be made based on specific needs and available space.

MRF Spaces and Description Size (sqm)

Amenities

Loading Ramp Space for trucks to unload 100-150 sqm

waste materials

Receving Area Area where waste 200-300 sqm

materials are initially
received

Equipment Area Space for equipment such 400-600 sqm

as conveyor, paper screen,
etc.

Sorting Area Space where waste 300-500 sqm

materials are sorted

Storage Area Area for storing sorted 200-300 sqm

recyclable materials

Office/Administrative Area Space for administrative 100-150 sqm

tasks and staff offices

Break Room Space for staff to take 50-100 sqm

breaks and eat

Restrooms Facilities for staff and 50-100 sqm

visitors

Table 4-16. Listing and Sizing of Spaces for the MRF.

83
Park Spaces and Description Size (sqm)
Amenities

Green spaces Area with swings, slides, 150-200

etc. for children to play

Playground Open grassy area for 100-150

picnics and relaxation

Workshop spaces Space for community at least 100-150

meetings, educational
programs

Community Garden Area for growing flowers, 100-150

fruits, and vegetables

Parking Spaces Area for parking vehicles 1 parking space for every
100-200 square meters of
park space.

Table 4-15. Park Spaces and Amenities

84
 APPENDIX A
SELF ADMINISTERED SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

85
 APPENDIX B
INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

86
 APPENDIX C
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDELINES

87
 APPENDIX D
WORK PLAN AND TIMETABLE

88
 APPENDIX E
ACCEPTANCE OF RESEARCH ADVISERSHIP

School of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design

Department of Architecture
Interior Design Program

NOTICE OF ACCEPTANCE

We, the undersigned, mutually agree to engage, as part of the requirements of the IN
3200T Interior Design 6, Thesis Preparation and Proposal, in a research study entitled
(indicate proposed title of thesis).

The student shall prepare the research proposal, consisting of an introductory chapter,
review of related literature, research methodology, and a proposed timetable and
budget. When approved, the student shall carry out the study according to the approved
methodology, write the results, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations, and
defend the study before a duly constituted thesis committee.

The adviser, whose own research project may provide impetus for the student’s study,
shall be responsible for providing guidance to the student in the conduct of the research
study, allocate time for regular consultation at a mutually-agreed frequency (e.g.,
weekly, bimonthly), and copyedit and critique the thesis manuscript before it is
circulated to the thesis committee for the proposal hearing and oral examination.

_____________________________ _____________________________
Name and signature of student Name and signature of thesis adviser
Student ID Number Designation
Date Signed: Date Signed:

Endorsed by: Approved by:

Dr. Adrian Del Monte IDr. Hermie Ray Oplado

Instructor, IN3200T Interior Design Program Coordinator
Date Signed: Date Signed:

89
 APPENDIX E
LETTER OF INTENT AND ACCEPTANCE

90
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CURRICULUM VITAE

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