Introduction to

Quantitative Research
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
What is Quantitative research?

➢ Quantitative research is Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are

analyzed using mathematically based methods
➢ It is generally used to find patterns, averages, predictions, as well as cause-effect
relationships between the variables being studied.
 Differences
Qualitative research Quantitative research
Purpose/Que
• Answer “Why” questions stions
• Answer “How much/many”
questions.

• Symbol, Word, Data type • Numbers

Transcript, Narrative.

• Observation and Approach • Measure, interpret and test

interviews

• Grouping of common analysis • Statistical analysis

data / coding
Let us try. . .
Directions: Identify the following word clues if they are
characteristics of qualitative or quantitative research
1. Measurable Quantitative
2. Behavior Qualitative
3. Statistical Quantitative
4. Objective Quantitative
Let us try. . .
Directions: Identify the following word clues if they are
characteristics of qualitative or quantitative research
5. Narrative Qualitative
6. Text-based Qualitative
7. Intervention Qualitative
8. Experimental group Quantitative
Let us try. . .
Directions: Identify the following word clues if they are
characteristics of qualitative or quantitative research
9. Unstructured observation Qualitative
10. Inductive Qualitative
11. Subjective Qualitative
12. Small group Qualitative
Let us try. . .
Directions: Identify the following word clues if they are
characteristics of qualitative or quantitative research
13. Tables and charts Quantitative
14. Deductive Quantitative
15. Generalizable Quantitative
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
1. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data
must come from a large sample size.
2. OBJECTIVE. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately,
objectively, and are unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal
guesses.
3. VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION. Data is numerical, which makes presentation
through graphs, charts, and tables possible and for better conveyance and
interpretation.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
4. FASTER DATA ANALYSIS. The use of a statistical tools give way for a less time-
consuming data analysis.
5. GENERALIZED DATA. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the
population if sampling is done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random
samples were taken.
6. FAST DATA COLLECTION. Depending on the type of data needed, collection
can be quick and easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research
instruments that allow the researcher to collect data from a large sample size
efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be administered
simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender,
socio-economic status, etc.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
7. RELIABLE DATA. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a
representative of the population, making it more credible and reliable for
policymaking and decision making.
8. REPLICATION. The Quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings
enhancing its validity, free from false or immature conclusions.
Advantages of Quantitative Research
1. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
2. Findings are generalizable to the population.
3. Conclusive establishment of cause and effect
4. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Very objective
8. Validity and reliability can be established
Disadvantages of Quantitative Research
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings,
and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A Large sample size makes data collection more costly.
Activity 1
Direction: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes
quantitative research and FALSE if it is incorrect.
1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.
2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and
predict.
3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than
qualitative data.
5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is
unique in every case
Activity 1
Direction: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes
quantitative research and FALSE if it is incorrect.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any stage of the
process.
8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the
analysis of results.
9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the
participants in the study
Quantitative Research
Design
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Types of Quantitative Research
1. Descriptive research
➢ Descriptive research aims to accurately and
systematically describe a population, situation, or
phenomenon. This type of research doesn’t
control or manipulate any variables, but only
observes and measures them. The researcher does
not usually begin with a hypothesis but is likely to
develop one after collecting data.
Types of Quantitative Research
1. Descriptive research
➢ Examples:
o Describing the demographics of a country or a region
o Gauging public opinion on public on political and
social topics
o Evaluating satisfaction of the company’s products or
an organization’s services
o Assessment study . . .
Types of Quantitative Research
2. Correlational
➢ attempts to determine the extent of a relationship
between two or more variables using statistical data. In
this type of design, relationships between and among
several facts are sought and interpreted. This type of
research recognizes trends and patterns in data, but it
doesn’t go so far in its analysis to prove causes for these
observed patterns. Cause and effect is not the basis of this
type of observational research. The data, relationships,
and distributions of variables are studied only. Variables
are not manipulated but only identified and are studied as
they occur in a natural setting. It helps researchers to
develop theories and make predictions.
Types of Quantitative Research
2. Correlational
➢ Examples:
o The relationship between of height and
weight among children
o The relationship between an aptitude test
and success in an algebra course
o The covariance of smoking and lung disease
Types of Quantitative Research
3. Quasi-experimental research
➢ These types of design are very similar to true experiments, but with some key
differences. An independent variable is identified but not manipulated by the
experiment, and effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable
are measured. The researcher does not randomly assign groups and must use
ones that are naturally formed or pre-existing groups. Identified control groups
exposed to the treatment variable are studied and compared to groups who are
not.
Example of Quasi-experimental design

Let’s use an example to illustrate our point. Let’s assume we want to discover how new psychological
therapy affects depressed patients. In a genuine trial, you’d split half of the psych ward into treatment
groups, With half getting the new psychotherapy therapy and the other half receiving standard
depression treatment.

And the physicians compare the outcomes of this treatment to the results of standard treatments to see
if this treatment is more effective. Doctors, on the other hand, are unlikely to agree with this genuine
experiment since they believe it is unethical to treat one group while leaving another untreated.

A quasi-experimental study will be useful in this case. Instead of allocating these patients at random, you
uncover pre-existing psychotherapist groups in the hospitals. Clearly, there’ll be counselors who are
eager to undertake these trials as well as others who prefer to stick to the old ways.

These pre-existing groups can be used to compare the symptom development of individuals who
received the novel therapy with those who received the normal course of treatment, even though the
groups weren’t chosen at random.
Types of Quantitative Research
3. Experimental research
➢ uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group
of variables that make up a study. An independent variable is manipulated to
determine the effects on the dependent variables. Subjects are randomly assigned to
experimental treatments rather than identified in naturally occurring groups. Unlike
quasi-experimental. This design provides a more conclusive result because it uses
random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations
Types of Quantitative Research
3. Experimental research
➢ Examples
◦ The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer
◦ The effect of positive reinforcement on attitude toward school
◦ The effect of teaching with a cooperative group strategy or a traditional
lecture approach on students’ achievement
Importance of Quantitative
Across Field
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quantitative research across field
A. Quantitative Research and Anthropology
Quantitative research across field
B. Quantitative Research and Communication Technology
Quantitative research across field
C. Quantitative Research and Social Science
Quantitative research across field
C. Quantitative Research and Medicine
Quantitative research across field
D. Quantitative Research and Engineering
Quantitative research across field
E. Quantitative Research and Natural science
Quantitative research across field
F. Quantitative Research and Food industry
Quantitative research across field
G. Quantitative Research and Agri-fishery Industry
Activity 1: Look for at least 10 published journal studies online or in the library. Using
the box below, write the title of the research study, its objectives, and identify what
kind of quantitative research it was. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Types of Areas/Field
Tittle Objective/s Research