Correlational Study About Cosmetics Products
Correlational Study About Cosmetics Products
Correlational Study About Cosmetics Products
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of previous research and concepts that are
essential to the investigation of self-confidence. By presenting relevant literature and studies, it aims to
RELATED LITERATURE
Cash et al. (2006) establish a correlation between women's belief in the beautifying
effects of cosmetics and their daily application of makeup. This connection underscores the
profound impact of cosmetics on women's daily lives, shaping their perceptions and behaviors.
Renfrew (2012) builds upon this by highlighting the negative emotions women may experience
when not wearing makeup, emphasizing how cosmetics extend beyond mere enhancement to
become symbols of power and status in society (Berry, 2007, "Beauty Bias").
affecting both men and women and permeating various aspects of life. This societal pressure
intersects with Grogan's (2016) assertion that attractiveness correlates with perceptions of
intelligence and persuasiveness, particularly for women who often enjoy social and professional
higher educational attainment and socioeconomic status, further highlighting the pervasive
influence of physical appearance, especially among women. Wilson and Eckel (2006) contribute
to this discussion by establishing a link between attractiveness and trust, indicating that attractive
(2015) and Chiodo (2015). Ray emphasizes the role of advertisements, particularly among
societal construction of female attractiveness perpetuated through media, despite the often
In conclusion, the literature demonstrates the dynamic and often unrealistic nature of
societal norms surrounding beauty, revealing how individuals, especially women, navigate these
Foregein studies
Britton (2012) delved into the beauty industry's influence on college women, highlighting
makeup's significance across various scenarios like classes, work, job interviews, social outings, errands,
and dates. Davis (2013) explored African American women's attitudes toward cosmetics, revealing mixed
feelings—some find confidence in makeup while feeling pressured to enhance their natural beauty.
Silverio (2010) studied makeup's effects on self-perception among Old Dominion University students,
concluding that it boosts confidence. Utilizing closed-ended questions, the research showed most women
feel good when their makeup looks good, associating it with heightened self-assurance. Meanwhile,
Palumbo et al. (2017) investigated makeup's potential impact on academic performance, finding that
female undergraduates who wore makeup during a simulated exam achieved higher grades, suggesting
makeup might enhance self-perceived beauty, subsequently boosting self-esteem and cognitive
performance.
Local studies
Aquino, Balanyos, Botardo, Mandanas, Monte, and Ordas (2017) conducted a study at Ateneo de
Naga University, exploring how cosmetics influence the confidence of senior high school women. The
research investigated the impact of cosmetics on students' self-confidence levels. To conduct the study,
researchers interviewed five random senior high school students and distributed a survey to a total of 14
participants. Twelve completed surveys were utilized for analysis. The study unveiled that facial cleanser
is the most commonly used cosmetic product among senior high school students. However, the extent of
cosmetic use also depends on individual physical features or preferences to address perceived flaws.
Respondents cited personal reasons for using cosmetics, including their own decisions and the acceptance
of societal trends. Additionally, students acknowledged feeling self-conscious while wearing cosmetics,
yet they believed that using beauty products enhanced their presentability without concerns about their
appearance. Moreover, they noted improvements in social skills and attitudes when interacting with
others. They expressed confidence in walking in front of people without feeling awkward. Overall, the
study shed light on the multifaceted relationship between cosmetics and the self-confidence of senior high
school women.
A study conducted by Lanzuela, J. G., Lovendino, L. J., Munoz, J. E., Odon, J. M. C., & Caguioa,
J. J. O. (2019) explored the relationship between cosmetic product usage and self-confidence among
Grade 11 HUMSS students at Bayambang National Senior High School. The findings revealed a
moderately strong correlation between the frequency of using cosmetic products and the level of self-
confidence. Despite this correlation, there was only a weak relationship between the reasons for using
cosmetic products and self-confidence levels. It was observed that students often opted for budget-
friendly and easy-to-use cosmetics, such as face powder and lip tint, due to school regulations and
financial constraints. Moreover, while cosmetic products were used across various situations in students'
lives, they did not solely rely on them for enhancing self-confidence. Although most respondents claimed
that using cosmetics boosted their self-confidence, the reasons for usage did not consistently align with
the level of self-confidence experienced. The study suggests that while cosmetic products have the
potential to enhance self-confidence, individual decisions and circumstances play a significant role. in
cosmetic product usage across different life situations. Future research should aim to explore the
relationship between cosmetic product usage and self-confidence among diverse genders, providing
insights into potential variations in attitudes and behaviors. Moreover, it is advisable to increase the
participant pool, as the research focused on a group of 40 Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences
female students from Bayambang National High School. Expanding the number of respondents would
result in a more inclusive sample, enabling researchers to gain a better grasp of cultural and socio-
economic factors at play. These suggestions underscore the significance of incorporating a range of
perspectives and settings in the investigation of how cosmetic usage influences self-esteem, ultimately
Research Gap
The research gap in the existing literature lies in the lack of studies that have adequately explored
the relationship between cosmetic product usage and self-confidence among different genders. While
numerous studies have delved into the impact of cosmetics on women's perceptions and behaviors, there
is a notable absence of research that investigates how cosmetic usage affects the self-confidence of men
and individuals of non-binary genders. Despite acknowledging the societal pressures surrounding
physical appearance, particularly for women, and the potential benefits of cosmetic usage on self-esteem,
these studies predominantly focus on female participants. Moreover, many of these studies that do include
participants from diverse gender groups often have small sample sizes. The absence of research on
diverse gender groups and the limited sample sizes in existing studies collectively limit our understanding
of how cosmetic products may influence self-confidence across different demographics. Consequently,
there is a need for future studies to address this gap by examining the relationship between cosmetic
product usage and self-confidence among individuals of various genders. By incorporating diverse
perspectives and experiences, researchers can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the
nuanced dynamics between cosmetic usage and self-esteem, thereby contributing to a more inclusive