01 Knowing Oneself
01 Knowing Oneself
01 Knowing Oneself
OBJECTIVES
PREPARATION
What insights can you draw out from this piece of art?
What does this sculpture imply?
RADIATE POSITIVITY: The only person you are destined to become is the person you decided to be. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson, American Poet
ENGAGEMENT
This activity aims to gather your thoughts and feelings about who you are and how you perceive
yourself in the past and at the present time and who you would like to be in the future.
1. Choose a symbol that best illustrates (a) how you describe yourself in the past, (b) how you
perceive yourself at the present time and (c) who you would like to be in the future (15 points)
2. You have an option to copy the symbols online (cite the source) or digitally/manually draw these
symbols. Add your response to the processing question below.
3. Below is a sample template. You may edit your output in any editing software you prefer. The page
size is 8.5’’x11’’ and the orientation is either portrait or landscape.
4. Save your output in jpeg or pdf format with a file name PastPresentFuture_Last Name, First Name
RUBRICS
15 POINTS 10 POINTS 5 POINTS
Three symbols are presented. Only two symbols are presented. Only one symbol is presented.
Human nature is very complex. There is no one singular school of thought in any form of scientific
study, including Psychology, which can completely and satisfactorily define human nature. Although
similar to many other living organisms that go through biological processes and development,
humans possess unique attributes. Human beings have the sole capacity to reflect upon itself, and in
the process, develop self-awareness, become motivated, and then desire to grow and change for the
better; and are prompted to mature and improve until it reaches its desired level of development. It is,
therefore, natural for human beings to develop toward maturity and fullness (Rogers, 1961).
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
It covers the growth of the body and the brain, motor
and sensory skills, and even physical health.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
It covers our capacity to learn, speak, understand,
reason, and to create.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
It includes our social interactions with other people,
our emotions, attitudes, self-identity, personality,
beliefs and values.
HEREDITY
Heredity or the inborn traits passed on by the generations of offsprings
from both sides of the biological parents' families.
ENVIRONMENT
Environment is the world outside of ourselves and the experiences that
result from our contact and interaction with this external world.
MATURATION
Maturation is the natural progression of the brain and the body that
affectthe cognitive, psychological and social dimensions of a person. The
influence of physical maturation over a person's development is most
pronounced during his childhood and adolescence stages.
PERSONAL PERSONALITY
From these definitions, we can see that there is a major difference between personal and personality.
Thus, if we integrate the words personal and development, we will generate a new concept -
Personal Development.
Have you ever asked yourself this question: Who am I? If you have, you are not alone. Adolescence
is the time when young people start to ask questions about themselves, about their future, and even
about their religious and political beliefs. During the adolescent stage of development, the young
person grapples with his or her identity. This may seem very philosophical to some, but to know
oneself is the first step in personal development.
The “self” is identified in various contexts such as in psychology, sociology, or religion. The “self” is
the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings, and actions, experiences, beliefs, values, principles,
and relationships. The “self” includes a person's life purpose, meaning, and aspirations.
Knowing yourself is the development of understanding you as the human being on profound levels. It
is an irregular road that you must be prepared to discover (Serrano, 2016). Spending time to know
yourself more and more gives you the avenue to acknowledge the realities of your life, reflect on the
areas of uncertainties and commit to a lifetime progression that entails time, effort, and attention.
Since our approach to personal development is holistic, we will integrate the various definitions of
“self” from the philosophical, spiritual, and psychological realms, but we will focus and give more
emphasis on its psychological definition. If the “self” is defined as the cognitive and affective
representation of one's identity, it is then defined in terms of human characteristics such as behavior
and thought. In Psychology, the term personality is referred to as the set of behaviors, feelings,
thoughts, and motives that identifies an individual. Personality is the essence of who we are and is
the embodiment of one's physical, psychological, cognitive, affective, and spiritual self. Therefore,
when we speak of the “self”, we will describe it in personality terms.
Personality is influenced by both nature (heredity or genetic make-up) and nurture (environment).
There is no single gene that creates a trait. It is always a complex combination of genes,
environmental exposure and experiences, and cultural backgrounds.
The study of personality is one of the major topics of interest in Psychology where numerous theories
attempt to explain, describe, and evaluate patterns and differences of personalities among individuals in
various perspectives.
Meanwhile, Alfred Adler believed that a person’s birth order plays a role in one’s personality.
This perspective of Adler explains how an individual’s position in the family have a great deal to do with how adults
interact in the world. It influences the way one interacts or relates with others and tends to build a picture of oneself
with regards to one’s social relationships.
Self-steem, confidence,
respect, recognition
REFLECT: In the context of your personal ideals, perspectives, experiences and values, how can you attain
self-actualization?
The social cognitive perspective of personality emphasizes the
importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational
influences, and cognitive processes. Observational learning
indicates the importance in the learning process of observing
other people’s behavior.
CHECK THIS OUT: The Bobo Doll Experiment - Albert Bandura on Social Learning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lYsmt9qUVI
Psychologists Costa and McRae (1992) developed a categorized scheme that described personality.
Based on their research, they discovered the existence of universal and widely agreed upon dimensions
of personality. They called it the Big Five or Five-Factor Model. These dimensions or tendencies are
openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. For it to be
easily remembered, it uses the acronym OCEAN. These dimensions may be described using its most
positive traits.
planning, organizing,
hardworking,
controlling, persevering
curiosity, interest,
imagination, creativity
to new ideas
sociable, talkative,
active, outgoing,
fun-loving
calm, relaxed,
comfortable friendly, warm,
trusting, generous,
kind-hearted
Caral, L. et al (2017). Senior High and Growing Up. A Comprehensive Worktext in Personal
Development for Senior High School. Cebu, Philippines: University of San Carlos Press
Cleofe, M. (2016). Personal Development. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems, Inc.
Corey, G. (2011). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. California, USC: Cengage
Learning. p.108-109
Santos, R. (2017). Personal Development. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI)
Serrano, A. (2016). Personal Development. Manila, Philippines: Unlimited Books Library Services &
Publishing Inc.
Cherry, K. (November 26, 2019). The 4 Major Personality Perspectives. Retrieved on October 29,
2020 from https://www.verywellmind.com/personality-perspectives-2795950
Images:
https://www.lasvegasbuffetclub.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/selfmademan.jpg
https://unsplash.com/photos/3VTZloIMFP0
https://www.iberdrola.com/wcorp/gc/prod/en_US/comunicacion/superacion_personal_mult_1_res/Su
peracion_Personal_746x419_EN.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/aa/ba/a6/aabaa64e343d0d7ca52df0b75268ba26.jpg
https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/luJzFVjtfBsCuRanONrj18FQxA4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():m
ax_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/4136760-article-what-is-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-
5a97179aeb97de003668392e.png