CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

B. Sc.HONOURS WITH CHEMISTRY

(2019 onwards)

Department of Chemistry
Maharishi Markandeshwar
(Deemed To Be University)
Mullana (Ambala) Haryana
INDIA-133207
 SCHEME FOR B.Sc. [2019 onwards]
(Honours with Chemistry)

(12+3 SYSTEM OF EDUCATION)

Under
(Choice Based Credit System)

Department of Chemistry

MAHARISHI MARKANDESHWAR
(Deemed to be University)
Mullana,Ambala, Haryana
INDIA-133207

SCHEME FOR B.Sc. HONOURS WITH CHEMISTRY

 Batch- 2019onwards (CBCS)

SUMMARY

(SEMESTER SYSTEM)

B.Sc. I,II & III

1. Chemistry
2. Mathematics(Ist& IInd Semester)
3. English (Ist Semester)
4. Environmental Science(IInd Semester)
5. Computer Science(IIIrd& IVthSemester)

SUBJECT CODES
SUBJECT CODE USED
1. Chemistry BCHE
2. Mathematics BMAT
3.English Communication BHUM
4. Environmental Science BEVS
5. Computer Science BCAP
 B.Sc. (Honours with Chemistry)
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM- 201 9 onwards

I. FIRST SEMESTER

S.No. Paper Paper Hrs/Week Cr. Marks

Code Lecture Practical Tutorial T (Ex.+In.)
1 BCHE-502 Inorganic Chemistry-I(CC) 4 - - 4 100(60+40)
2 BCHE-503 Inorganic Chemistry Practical-I(CC) - 4 - 2 50(20+30)
3 BCHE-504 Physical Chemistry-I(CC) 4 - - 4 100(60+40)
4 BCHE-505 Physical Chemistry Practical-I(CC) - 4 - 2 50(20+30)
5 BHUM-101 English Communication(AECC) 2 - - 2 50(30+20)
6 Biology/ GE-1* 5 or 00
4 - or 4 1 or - 6 150(90+60)
Computer Science/ Or
Mathematics/
100(60+40)
Physics
50(20+30)
Total 15/14 08/12 01/- 20 500
 B. Sc. (1st Sem) Honours with Chemistry
BCHE-502 (Inorganic Chemistry-I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 40
4 0 0 End semester exam 60
Total marks 100
Credits 4.0
Course Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to provides an overview of fundamental topics
in inorganic chemistry including atomic structure, periodicity of elements, chemical bonding and
oxidation reduction.

UNIT-I: Atomic Structure

Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave mechanics: de
Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its significance, Schrödinger’s wave
equation, significance of ψ and ψ2. Quantum numbers and their significance.
Normalizedandorthogonalwavefunctions.Signofwavefunctions.Radialandangularwave
functions for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular distribution curves. Shapes of s, p, d and f
orbitals. Contour boundary and probability diagrams.
Pauli’sExclusionPrinciple,Hund’sruleofmaximummultiplicity,Aufbau’sprinciple and its
limitations, Variation of orbital energy with atomic number.
UNIT-II: Periodicity of Elements
s,p,d,fblockelements,thelongformofperiodictable.Detaileddiscussionofthefollowing properties of
the elements, with reference to s and p-block.
Effectivenuclearcharge,shieldingorscreeningeffect,Slaterrules,variationofeffective nuclear
charge in periodic table,Atomic radii (van der Waals), Ionic and crystal radii, Covalent radii
(octahedral and tetrahedral), Ionization enthalpy, Successive ionization enthalpies and factors
affecting ionization energy. Applications of ionization enthalpy, Electron gain enthalpy, trends
of electron gain enthalpy, Electronegativity, Pauling’s/ Mulliken’s/ Allred Rachow’s/ and
Mulliken-Jaffé’s electronegativity scales. Variation of electronegativity with bond order, partial
charge, hybridization, group electronegativity. Sanderson’s electron density ratio.

UNIT-III: Chemical Bonding-I

Ionic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its
limitations.Packingofionsincrystals.Born-Landéequationwithderivationandimportance of
Kapustinskii expression for lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its
application, Solvation energy.

Covalent bond: Lewis structure, Valence Bond theory (Heitler-London approach). Energetics of
hybridization, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals. Bent’s rule, Resonance and resonance
energy, Molecular orbital theory. Molecular orbital diagrams of diatomic and simple polyatomic
molecules N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions; HCl, BeF2, CO2, (idea of s-p mixing and orbital
interaction to be given). Formal charge, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes
of simple molecules and ions containing lone pairs and bond pairs of electrons, multiple bonding (σ and
π bond approach) and bond
lengths.Covalentcharacterinioniccompounds,polarizingpowerandpolarizability.Fajan’srulesand
consequences of polarization. Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment and dipole
moment. Percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference.

UNIT-IV: Chemical Bonding-II

Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and insulators,
defects in solids.

Weak Chemical Forces: van der Waals forces, ion-dipole forces, dipole-dipole interactions,
induced dipole interactions, Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions. Repulsive forces,
Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment) Effects of chemical
force, melting and boiling points, solubility energetics of dissolution process.
Oxidation-Reduction
Redox equations, Standard Electrode Potential and its application to inorganic reactions, Principles
involved in volumetric analysis to be carried out in class.
Course Outcomes: After successful completion of the course, the students will be able to illustrate the
explanation of atomic structure, evaluate the periodic properties of elements and estimate types of
chemical bonding.
Instructions for paper setter: The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both
compulsory. Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B
comprises of 4 questions (1 from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.

Text/Reference Books:
a. Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry ELBS,1991.
b. Douglas, B.E. and McDaniel, D.H. Concepts & Models of InorganicChemistry
Oxford, 1970
c. Atkins, P.W. & Paula, J. Physical Chemistry, 10th Ed., Oxford University Press,2014.
d. Day,M.C.andSelbin,J.TheoreticalInorganicChemistry,ACSPublications,1962.
e. Rodger, G.E. Inorganic and Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India
 B. Sc. (1st Sem) Honours with Chemistry
BCHE-503 (Inorganic Chemistry Practical -I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 30
0 0 4 End semester exam 20
Total marks 50
Credits 2.0
Course Objectives: The main objective of this practical is to provide an overview of various types of
inorganic titrations describing difference between an end point and the equivalence point.

Introductory Labs
(i) Calibration and use of apparatus
(ii) Preparation of solutions of different Molarity/Normality of titrants
(iii) Checking the calibration of the thermometer

(A) Titrimetric Analysis

(i) Calibration and use of apparatus
(ii) Preparation of solutions of different Molarity/Normality of titrants

(B) Acid-Base Titrations

(i) Estimation of carbonate and hydroxide present together in mixture.
(ii) Estimation of carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture.
(iii) Estimation of free alkali present in different soaps/detergents

(C) Oxidation-Reduction Titrimetry

(i) Estimation of Fe(II) and oxalic acid using standardized KMnO4solution.
(ii) Estimation of oxalic acid and sodium oxalate in a given mixture.
(iii) Estimation of Fe(II) with K2Cr2O7 using internal (diphenylamine,
anthranilic acid) and external indicator.

Course Outcomes: On successful completion of the course students will be able to develop expertise relevant
to the inorganic titrations.

Text/Reference Books:
1. Mendham,J.,A.I.Vogel’sQuantitativeChemicalAnalysis6 thEd.,Pearson,2009
 B. Sc. (1st Sem) Honours with Chemistry
BCHE-504 (Physical Chemistry-I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 60
4 0 0 End semester exam 40
Total marks 100
Credits 4.0

Course Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of fundamental topics in
inorganic chemistry including various states of matter in terms of solid, liquid, gaseous, allotropism, and
performs calculations with gas laws.

UNIT-I: Gaseous state

Kinetic molecular model of a gas: postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency;
collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases, including their temperature and pressure
dependence, relation between mean free path and coefficient of
viscosity,calculationofσfromη;variationofviscositywithtemperatureandpressure.

Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most
probable) and average kinetic energy, law of equipartition of energy, degrees of freedom and molecular
basis of heat capacities.
Behaviour of real gases: Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor, Z, and its variation
with pressure for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour. Vander Waals equation of
state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour, mention of other equations of state
(Berthelot, Dietrici); virial equation of state; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form and
calculation of Boyle temperature. Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals
isotherms, continuity of states, critical state, relation between critical constants and van der Waals
constants, law of corresponding states.

UNIT-II: Liquid state

Qualitativetreatmentofthestructureoftheliquidstate;Radialdistributionfunction;physical properties of liquids;
vapour pressure, surface tension and coefficient of viscosity, and their determination. Effect of addition of
various solutes on surface tension and viscosity. Explanation of cleansing action of detergents.
Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases. Qualitative discussion of
structure of water.

UNIT-III: Solid state

Natureofthesolidstate,lawofconstancyofinterfacialangles,lawofrationalindices,Miller indices, elementary
ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space
groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple
account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Analysis of powder diffraction patterns of
NaCl, CsCl and KCl. Defects in crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals.

UNIT-IV: Ionic equilibria

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization,ionizationconstantandionicproductofwater.Ionizationofweakacidsandbases, pH scale, common
ion effect; dissociation constants of mono-, di-and triprotic acids (exact treatment).
Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different
salts.Buffersolutions;derivationofHendersonequationanditsapplications;buffercapacity,
buffer range, buffer action and applications of buffers in analytical chemistry and
biochemical processes in the human body.

Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts–applications of solubility product principle.
Qualitative treatment of acid – base titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages).Theory of acid–
base indicators; selection of indicators and their limitations. Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolyte
systems; hydrolysis and hydrolysis constants.

Course Outcomes: On satisfying the requirements of this paper, students will learn the difference between
solid, liquid and gases and will understand that states of matter change by adding or removing energy.

Instructions for paper setter: The Question paper is divided in to two sections A and B, both compulsory.
Section A comprises of 12 questions (3 from each unit) of one mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions (1
from each unit with two alternatives) of 12 marks each.
Text/Reference Books:
 Atkins,P.W.&Paula,J.deAtkin’sPhysicalChemistry10thEd.,OxfordUniversity
Press (2014).
 Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry Thomson Press, India(2007).
 Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa(2004).
 Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Elsevier: NOIDA, UP(2009).
 Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed. Pearson(2013).
 B. Sc. (1st Sem) Honours with Chemistry
BCHE-505 (Physical Chemistry Practical -I)

L T P Continuous evaluation 30
0 0 4 End semester exam 20
Total marks 50
Credits 2.0

Course Objectives: The objective of this practical course is to verify some important principles in physical
chemistry and to determine various physical properties.

Practicals

1. Surface tension measurements.

a. Determine the surface tension by (i) drop number (ii) drop weight method.
b. Study the variation of surface tension of detergent solutions with
concentration.
2. Viscosity measurement using Ostwald’sviscometer.
a. Determination of viscosity of aqueous solutions of (i) polymer (ii) ethanol and
(iii) sugar at room temperature.
b. Study the variation of viscosity of sucrose solution with the
concentration of solute.
3. Indexing of a given powder diffraction pattern of a cubic crystalline system.

4. pH metry
a. Study the effect on pH of addition of HCl/NaOH to solutions of acetic
acid, sodium acetate and their mixtures.
b. Preparation of buffer solutions of different pH
i. Sodium acetate-acetic acid
ii. Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide
c. pH metric titration of (i)strong acid vs strong base,(ii)weak acid vs.strongbase.
d. Determination of dissociation constant of a weak acid.

Course Outcomes: On completion of the practical course, students will develop skills to handle the basic
scientific instruments.