154 Chapter Four

Exponents and Logarithms

Exercise 4.1
In the light of analyzing Board Questions-
Scottish mathematician John
Practice the tick marked Learning
RTutor Outcomes with importance. Napier (1550-1617) had
eagerness on
the

Astronomy which
helps him to contribute in
Learning Outcomne
1 . Exponent. [D.B. "17, B.B. 16]
mathematics. He invented
a special method to count large
2 . Fornmulae of exponents.(DB. 17, B.B. 16. 15]
numbers in a better and simple way
3. nth root. which is known as logarithm.

Class Work and Exercise Questions

3 Class Works 22 Exercise Questions
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .

- ************************************** .. *****************************
Solve the class works understanding the topics of the

Questions and Solutions of Class Work and match the given solution.
**********************************************************
TTorr textbook
Work: Fill in the blanks: 4Text page-81
Solution:5xs=5*
Successive
multiplication of Exponential Power or
Base
the same expression exponent|
expression
Solution: a xa
2x2x (4) (-5 =
Bx3x3x3 Solution: (-5) - 1
a x axa

bxbx b xbxb
Solution:
SuccessiIve Exponential Base Power or
multiplication expression exponent Solution
of the same
2
number or
Work: Simplifty: (1)
expression

2x22
33x3 x3
a x ax a
).s Text page-.
bxbxb x bx b b
Solution:
b
222 242 2
Work: Fill in the blanks: Text page-84
3232 4 x8 2 -2
(1)3x3x3x3 =3 -G-G-6 =1 (Ans.)
Solution: 3x3x3x3- il. --)-s (Ans.)
8*
 Exponents a n d L o g a r i t h m s
155
***********************************
*************************
************************

********************.
*****************nssos *************e*******************aaanmnnanosnsonevonnsonn*
and Solutions Practice the Solutions of this part properly. It will help you to
Exercise Questions
3) * **********************************. ******
********** ..
solve the Creative Questions easily.

Simplify (1-8):

.
7x7 Solution: 2n+4-4.2n+ 2" x2-4x2" x2
Solution 3x3* 2nt2 2n+2+2
73-3 7 2" x16-8x2"
--1x3=27 (Ans.) 2n+2-1
2"(16-8)
2n+l
2" x8
9m*22"
4 (Ans.)
V7 30+1

8.
(3 - (3-1mT
Solution: Solution:
V7 72
3T gmt+1
(3m m- (3m-1ym-T
- 7 72-7(Ans.) 3 (3)m+ 3m+l 32m+2
3m-m 3m-)(m+1)
3. (2+5 3 3m-1

Solution: (27+5l)
lution
--'- = 3mtl-m +m^32m+2-m+1
= 32m-m"+l22m-m*+3

= 3(2m-m+1)-(2m-m+3)
= 34m-m+l-2m+m-3
10
4. (2a+36)
Solution: (2a+3b-l-
=3 As)
Prove (9-15):

-3 9. 2 2 1
- -b 2b+3a
1 Solution: L.H.S. =

i
ab

1x ab ab 2 -- 1
+2b 3a+2b(Ans.) =
(2"+1)(2"- 1)
a'bh2 (2"- 1)
= 2"+1= R.H.S.

2 + 1 (Proved)
Solution:-(-b} 22P+, 3p +q, 5P*.6P
=(a'b**= a'b"-z(Ans. 10.3P-26.10.15 2
22p+32p*4 5P9.6P
6.y.yz (x>0,y>0,z0 Solution: L.HS. =3P-262.10P.15
Solution: Vy.VyzNz 22+13p*95P*(2x 3
3P-2. (2 x 3)P*.(2 x 5)P.(3 x 5
2p+1 32P*9 5p tq P 3P
2P-2 22P+2,32p *2,2P, 5P3.5
y.yz.z'x? 22p+ltpP.32P *qtP, 5P*9
2 p +2 +p 2P-2 +2p +2+9 5Ptq
(+y z1 = (*°. y'. 2} 3p+ 3'P *9 5P*9
3p t2 33Pt 5P+9
(1x1x 1)? =1 (Ans) 3p*-p-2 33P *P- sp-9 5P*9-P-9
Alternative Solution: xy.yz NZ"X - 2.3050

=5-11=5= R.H.S.
Vx y I(Ans.) 23S
3P-2.6P2.10P.15
(Proved)
 Panjeree Creative Secondary Mathemat.
156
xab2
thematics
.xb
x
x a2-b +b-c+ c2-a?
Solution: L.H.S. =( ( = x= 1 =R.H.S.
a mn =1 (Proved)

= a n m * I m -nl + n m - l m

a=1 =R.H.S.
15.( =1
=1(Proved) Solution: L.H.. -
=
(xP-P **fx (x -Px (x-P)rtp-q
Alternative Solution: = xP-9) (ptq-r) x x ) q * P ) x xr-p) (r* p-9)

(p-9(ptq)-(p-9)x x(9-rqtrH-T)P xxPr*pH(r-p).

L.H.S. a
p-q-pr+qrx x 9-rr-pq +prx
-P-qr+pq
x
=

=
(am). (a-a' (a"m
( a - m m . ( a m l - I n ) , (amn - m
x XX
+ qr+q-rr-pq
+
pr +r-p-gr + pq
P-9-pr
* + -Im
=anlnm Im -nl nm
= x=1 = R.H.S.
= 1 = R.HS.
=1 (Proved)

-1Proved) 16. Ifa=b, b'= c and c'= a,

Solution: Given, a*=b, b =c, c=a
then show that, xyz= 1,
12. 1 Now, c =a
Solution: or, (E)* =a [b=c]
*P
aP t a a or, b ° = a
L.HS. T or, ( a * a a=b]
= aP*9-r a9*r-2P a*P-2q or, a v = a ! "
= aP*-2r *q*r-2p+ r+p-2q 1]
xyz= 1; [Ifa*=a then x =y, when a>0, a*
=aP-2p+2q-29+2r-2r
(Shown)
a = 1 = R.H.S.
Solve (17-20):
17. 4 8
1(Proved) Solution: 4* = 8

or, ( 2 2
13. ) a b / or,,24x
or, 2x= 3; [Ifa' =a' then x=y, when a> 0, a* 1]]

S o l u t i o n : L.H.S. =

Required solution, x=5(Ans.)

18. 22x+1 = 128
Solution: 2* = 128
a-b b-c C-a or, 2x*=27
F
x
ab
x
be
X
or, 2x+1 =7;[lfa'=a then x =y, when a>0,a*l|
or, 2x = 7 - 1
a-bb-c-a
ab bc ca
X
ca - bc + ab - ca + bc - ab
or, 2x
=
6; or, x =
X= 3
X
abc Required solution, x=3 (Ans.)

x abe 19. (V5)"-(s)*

= x= 1 =R.H.S.
Solution:(V3)"-(E)*
=I (Proved) or, (32)= (33-
x+1 2X-
14. or, 3 2 = 3 3

r, Ifa' = a then x = y, whe

Solution:L.H.S. - a>0, a* 1]
= (x*-b"*b. (x-e* (xata
= l a - b M a + b) ( b - c) (6+ c)x(C - a )(c + a) or, 3(x + 1) =2(2x - 1)
Exponentsand Logarithms
157
or,
3 4x -2
3x + =

( P a +ab + b2 (O)b2 +be+ c2 + c a + a2

or, 4x-2=3x
or,
4x-3x 3
+3
+2 =
LH.S.= a + ab + b2
x x
+bc + c C +ca +a4
X=5
R e q u i r e d solution, x = 5 (Ans.)

=
(x-ba +ab
+x (x-b+ bet cx (xe-aye2+cata2
20. 2* +2 =3 = xa-ba4 + ab + b4) x xb-cXb+ bc t e4) x x c - a c + ca + af)
Solution: 2" +2 =3

or, 2+=3 =x-xx-xx

= x- -
2
or, a+ a 3[Let, 2*=a] =
l =
R.H.S.
(P\a2+ab +b2
orOr, a 3 c t ca t a2

1
or, a + 2=3a
or, a-3a+2 0 (Shown)
or, a-2a -a + 2=0
or, a(a-2) - 1(a -2) = 0 22. X=(2a+3bl,Y=* R
or, (a-2) (a- 1)=0 5m+1 1
either, a-2=0 or, a - 1 = 0
or, a=2 or, a= l (5m -1*(5-m+T Where x, p, 9, r>0.
or, 2= 2 or, 2 2 1. Find the value ofX.
[substituting the value of a]
X=l '. X=0; Ifa^=a then x =y
when a > 0, a^ ] 2. Showthat Y 81=4
+
. Required solution, x =
0, 1 (Ans.) 3. Show that Y + Z=25
21. P x,Q=* and R=x* Solutionto the Question no. 22
1. Find the value Given,
of P. Qa X =(2a+3b
2. Find the value
(P\a+b (Qb+e
of o xR 2(RP- -

P)+ab +b2
3. Show that (Qbe+ Rd+cat a

R
= 1 =(4b+3a)
Solution to the Question no. 21 3a+ 2b
Given, P =x*', Q=x°, ab
Given expression =PC. Qca
ab-(Ans.)
= (x*)°*.(x°) -ca

X
- abc
3a+ 2b
= ybC-abc

2 Given,
=

= 1 (Ans.) Y- R
P =x, Q =x°, R=x -P
P-9
2(RP)-c = X Pq x x q x x P

-( +20x x** = x P9 rp

(X x (x°-*)** 2(x*°*-c rp-q) t plq- r)t g{r-p)

= xa-bNa t b) - c X b +c) 2x(a t cla- C) pqr

=x-b2 xb a- p-rt pq- rpt grp

xa-b+b2 -c2 Pqr
-
c
= x- 2x-
x 2 - 2 x
=
XPq =
x =
|
2xa-c2
Now, Y +V81 1+3 =1 +3 =4 (Shown)
=

xa-ca2 + c2 3 Given,
5mt
(5m- (5-1m
_(5*)"*
5-m ' 5m-Iun + T

Sm+2

(Ans.) 5- ' mé-1

 Panjeree Creative Secondary Mathem.
158
= 5m+1 - m t m 52m +2- m +1 L.H.S.= Y+Z

= 5(2m-m +1) 5(2m-m2+3)

= 52m-m +1-2m + m2-3 =1+25
5-2 =1x
25
= R.H.S
. Y+Z= 25 (Shown)

From 'b' Y =1
CE
Creative Multiple Choice Questions
71 General MCQ= 12 Multiple Completion Based
9 Situation Set Based o
2 Multiple Choice Questions
crucial for exam
Questions from Board Exanms and Top-Ranked Schools are It will make thinoc
***** ion
uesuONIs wiüh Answers from Board with
the highest attention.
preparation. Study them repeatedly easier
a

AO questions-answers from thedh

while practicing the topic-wIse
Exams and Top-Ranked Schools
******* *****
O for you chapua
1. If4=32 then, what is value of x? [AlI B.-18 15. If T A01 what is the value of x? [Ch.B. 161

5 2 3 4 5
2. For what condition, a" = 1? [D.B.17) 16. If252 = 125, then the value of x i s - .B. 16]
a>0 a<0 a0 al 271 -2 -2
3. = What? (DB.17) 17. (2+3) =What? [B.B. 16]
16 12 8 4 5
6
6
If Va 18. If 2**'= 128, then x = what? [B.B. 16]
4. =
V5, what is the value of a? [DjB.17
2 3 4
V5 5 35 55 19. Ifp" =q", then p = 9, when--LB.17]
5. Ifx= (x", x"), what is the value of abc? [Dj.B.171
0 1 2 3 i. p>0 ii. q>0 iii. m*0
6. If 8*s = 64, what is the value of x? [C.B.17] Which one of the following is correct?
-6 -3 -1 3 i , ii i , iii
7. If 23 =8, what is the value of x? [Ctg.B.17] ii, iii i , ii, ii
-1 1 2 3
20. What is the solution of x for 4 =
32? [Joypurhat
Girls's Cadet College, Joypurhat-18]
8. What is the value of (2 +3? (s.B.17]
5
6

9. What is the value of 16' ? [B.B.17]

3 21. What is the value
e
ofSE2
of V3-2)-3* Cumilla Cadet College
/Cumilla Cader Collag

2 4 6 8 Cumilla-18
10. What is the value 23 2 32
of? [When n>m] [D.B. 16]
22. What is the
a-m 6 am-n
simplified value of
Ca-m
[Faujdarhat Cadet
College, Chattogram-18]
11. What is the value
of ? [D.B. 16]
p P
X

12. What is the value of 23. If a' b5, b' =

c, c=a, then
=

2
x°
1
-

y° -
z° =
? (Dj.B. 16] College, Chattogram-18] xyz =
? [Faujdarhat Caue
-1 -2 2 3 4
24. What is the
value of
13. Which is
the value of Vxxx4 =? [Dj.B. 16] College, Dhaka-18] (abl)l? (Scholars' Schoo
ab ab2
x
x4 25. Under which a
14. What is the value
of (3+ 9") "? [C.B. 16] condition a" =
1/a"? [Mirzapur det-17
a-0 a0 Caae
26. If m 2n then the
= a20 a>0
[Mirzapur Cadet-17] value of a" +n
a"" is
x ."
a a 2m a2 an
 Chapter Four 167

Exponents and Logarithms

Exercise 4.2
In the light of analyzing Board Questions-
Practice the tick marked Learning
Outcomes with importance.
TMtor o

Learning Outcome
Proof and application of the formulae of logarithm. [Al Board 18, R.B. 17, Cig.B. "15, B.B. 15]

Class Work and Exercise Questions

........ moa ************************************************************************ *
1 Class Works 5 Exercise Questions
Solve
.
P
understanding the topics of the
Questions and Solutions of Class Work the classand
works
match the solution.
given
Work: Express the following values in exponents in
IOPextbook
TTore

terms of lo0g: Text page-87

22- log2-
Interms of in terms of In terms of in terms of
exponent log exponent log V4 2
10=100 10=1 logiol=F0 1 log2-oe4log.4=log4
=
loge 1 . Or, 44=22
The blanks in the 2d column are filled by using the rules
a=1
ofexponential
i. 10 = 1
10'= 10 log1o10- 1
- ii.e=1
a = 1

e ii. 10' = 10
iv. e=e
log.a = 1
=2 The blanks in the 3 column are filled by using the rules
...

Solution: Values in the 1" column are expressed in termsO logarithm-

i. logiol=0
ofcongenial logarithms:- ii. logel = 0
loga l = 0
10 100 logio100=2 ii. logio10= 1
logs-2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * " * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
v. log.e =1

Practice the Solutions of this part properly. It will help you to

Exercise Questions and Solutions the Creative Question
..G T t o r V e
. Find the values: (3) log2
(1) log81 Solution: log,2 = log1N4
Solution: log81 =

log33
4 logs3; [:log,a'= rlog,a]
4x1; [: log,a = 1]
log (42 -log, 4
= 4 (Ans.)
-.I [:loga- I]
() logs V5
(Ans.)
Solution: logs =
log,53 : [: a= an ] (4) log 400
Solution: logN5 400
-log.5
:loga =1] - log5 (2x2x5)

=(Ans.) =log(VsY}*=logz (N5

 Panjeree Creative Secondary Mathe
168
L.S. =3log102 +2logi03
+ log105
Mathematics
3) =logi02+logi03 + logi05
=4 logs 2Vs
= logi08+ logi09 + log105
= 4x1 [: logaa= 1]
= 4 (Ans.)
= logio(8x9x5); [:logaX + logay+ log,z
logz= l0Exy2
= log10360

(9loge5.) = R.S.
3+ log1o S loga0360
Therefore, 3logi0 2+ 21og1o
=

Solution: logs(V5 N5)=log,53.52=log.s3

2+3
= logs5 6 log,56
4. Simplify: 81
(Shown
() 7 log1o-2 log1o 24
+3
log1o R
F
logs5x 1 [: log,a =11
(2) logV7-)-bc1og)+ log,
2
-(Ans)
2. Find the value of x:
(1) logs x =3 3)log +l o g + l o g - 3 l o g . b ' e
Solution: logs x
=
3 24+3 logio 81
9-2 logio 25
Solution: (1) 7 logio 10 B0
X=5" [:Ifx = log.N, then a* =N]
x=125 (Ans.) (81
(2) log 25=2
Solution: l o g 25 = 2
logso- - logio 24+logio
25x T:Ifx = logN, then a =N]
or, x=25
= logio )-()
or, (x)°=(5
. X= 5 (Ans.) =logio (
3)log i6--2 3 x3x3x3_
=log 13 2x2x2x2x5
Solution: log6-2
= log io
16 = log.N, then a = N]

1 312
Or 16x =logn
or, x 16
or, (x)° = (4) (2x 32*2 x5\
=logio23x 53

x 4 (Ans.)
3. Show that,
logio2
=

(1) Slog10 5-logio 25 = logio 125 3x 5

50 logio (23-12 x 314- l4 57-7)
=
x
(2) logi147=logo 2+21logio 5-log 3-2 log 7
3) 3logie 2+2 logio 3+ log1o 5= log1o 360
=
logio (2 x 3°x 5°)
Solution: (1) L.S. =5 logio 5-logio 25 = log1o (2 x1x1) [: a= 1]
log1o 2 (Ans.)
=log1o 5-log1=logio
logio 5-2= log1o 5
=

logio 125 R.S.

=
=
(2) log77)- log,B)+ log,2
Therefore, 5 logio 5 logio 25 logio 125 -

= 1
(2) L.S. logio 50
=
(Shown) =

log,\75,72) log,33 log (2-)2

-

+
147
logio 50 - log1o 147
=

logio (2 x5 x
log, 75 "2 -log,3+log4
5)- logio (3 x7x 7)
logio (2 5*) logio (3 x
-log-7-
=
x

log1o 2 +logio 5- (logio 37)

-

+
logio 2+2 log1o 5- log1o 3 -2 logio 7*)
R.S. logio7 10-2 [:: loga = 1]
Therefore,
logio147
50
log1o 2 +2
1logio 5- logio 3 -2 logio 7
10- -21-10+15
30

(Shown) 21+-2-(Ans.)
30
E x p o n e n t s a n d L o g a r i t h m s

169

log blog-3log.b'c -lo.1.1-og

Be)-log.b'e =

log2 (Ans.)
= -
0logl log2
- = -

log2
lng.(b.c)- 3log.bfc log.b'c* 3log.b?c 3Given, x = 2, y= 3, z=5
= -

log.(bc) -3log.b© 3log.bfc 3log,b'c

= -

logvy + ylogx- log (xz)

= 0 (Ans.)
L.H.S.
z=5,w=7
log(xy) - Iogz
.=2,y=3,

1. What
is the log of V y' to the base 3. logy3+3log2 log( 2x5)
2. Find the value ofw log -xlog + ylog log(2x 3)- log5
log y +ylogxlog (xz)= log y'
log(3)2 + 3log(2)2 -~ logl0
3. Showthat log(xy)-logz log6- log5
Solution to the Question no. 5 3
Given, y=3 log32 +5log4-5log10
3 based logarithm of
Vy =logvy-logy3
log
=
log:(3*" log,32 =

log,3.1 log3+ log4-log10

logl. 2
5 (Ans.) (log3 + log4 - log10)
Given, x=2, y=3, z = 5 and w=7
XZ
logl. 2
Given expression =

wlog -xlog+ylog x4
2.5
log (3x410) log10
-

7 1og+3log log 1. 2 log 1. 2

log lo 1og 1.2)

=

log -

log5 log 1.2 (log 1. 2)

2x5 32
log14 4 x 3? 2 x 5°) 3
32 log.32=log,(3)2
= log 2x5 314
21 x 5 =
log.(y')2 log,vy =

(274 32*. 5 = R.H.S

log12 314 543
= log,123
3 logyy +ylogx-log(xz)
log(xy) - logz
=log(212 3414 s7-7
=log(2.3, 5') =

log,Vy' (Shown)
E

99Multiple Choice Questions= 72 General MCQ

Creative Multiple Choice Questions
12 Multiple Completion Based 15 Situation Set Based P
*** **snnonmeeos.*******
*******

SlonS with Answers Qustions fram

from Board preparation. Bard Exans und Top-Runkad Schools crucialfor exam
Study then repeatedly wih the highest attention. t will make things easier
are

Exams and Top-Ranked Schools RITKo 1or you wile pracucng the topic-wIse questions-answers from the chapters.
What is theeess*ssan* *s*sssasss***s*ssnss******
value of log/s64? 1AII B.-18) 4. Iflog,625 = 4, what is the value of x? U.B.17]

2 4 5 25
1 22 4
5. If log of 144 is 4, then what isthe base?|B.B.17
On which condition given below log, a =
1? [R.B.17
3, a 1 O a>0, a * 10 a# 0, a>1 23 32 52 25
ch one of the following is the value of logs 6. 10g2x log ,27= what? (D.B.7)
125? (.B.17) 9
3 6 27
5 6 8
 184 Chapter Four

Exponents and Logarithmns

Exercise 4.3
In the light of analyzing Board Questions-
Practice the tick marked Learning

Tator Outcomes with importance.

Learning Outcome
1. Scientific form of numbers.
2 . Logarithm method.
3. Characteristic and mantissa of common logarithm.
CE
Class Work and Exercise Questions
2 Class Works17 Exercise Questions
. ... torsonoos.*.***************"*********************"********************** ************************ .u....

Solve the class works understanding the topics of the

Questions and Solutions of Class Work A textbook and match the given solution.
op
Work: Express the following numbers in scientific (2) log,32.143
form: Text page-92 By using calculator
(1) 15000
Solution: 15000 = 1.5 x 10000 = 1.5 x 10° (Ans.)
AC log1o 52.143) = 1.717196014
loge 52.143
(2) 0.000512
By using calculator
Solution: 0.000512= 512
1000000
= 512 x 1 0
10 AC In 52.1433.95398994
(3) logio 0.4145
5.12 x 10*x 10
By using calculator
=
5.12 x
10(Ans.)
(3) 123.000512 AC logo 04145- 0.382475465
Solution: 123.000512 = 1.23000512 x 10 (Ans.)
log. 0.4145
Work: Compute base 10 and base e logarithm of the
following numbers using calculater.
By using calculator,
4Text page-96
(1) 2550 (2) 52.143 (3) 0.4145 (4) 0.0742 AC In 0.4145 0.8806823
Solution: (4) logio 0.0742
(1) logio 2550
By using calculator
By using calculator
AC logo 2550 =3.4065402 AC log o.0742 - 1.1295961
log. 2550 loge 0.0742
By using calculator By using calculator
AC In25507.8438486 AC In 0.0742 2.6009911
**********************************************************""******* ** ******************
***********************nssueeee*n **ss ********
Exercise Questions and Solutions Practice the Solutions of this part properly. It wil help you
ao Solve the Creative Questions easily.
*************.
****************************
1. On what condition
a =
1?
4. If log,4
1) a= 0 2) a0 3) a>0 2, what is the value of x?
4) a1 1) 2
Explanation: Because, 0° cannot be defined. 2) t2 3) 4 4) 10
Explanation: If log" =2, then x =4 or, x* =2' x
2. Which one of the following is the value of 5. 5? S, Under what condition can a number be Wrritten-
in the form a x 10"?
5 2)
D
3»5) 4) 25 1)I<a< 10 2) 1 Sa 10
3) 1 a < 10
Explanation: V5.V5 -Vs«5=V25
3. On what exact condition log, a = 1? Explanation: 500 5
4) I<a s 10
1000 10x 10 =1 x 10°10
x

) a>0 2) a1 1.e., in the

3) a> 0, a l 4) a 0, a>1 expression a x 10", if a2 10 then tne
value of a less than 10
add 1 with the
power.
Exponents and Logarithms 185

6Ifa>0, b>0 a# and 1, b* 1, then-- 12. Express in ordinary decimals

1 (1) 10° (2)10 (3) 2.53x 10(4) 9.813 x 103
i. log,bx logsa =
(5) 3.12 x 10
ii. log,M'
=
Mlog,r ii. log.a va)- Solution: (1) 10° = 1x 100000
= 100000 (Ans.)
information are correct?
Which of the above
2) i 3) i and iii 4) ii and ii
1) (2) 10=10 100000
2)10 (3) 0.00001 (Ans.)
Explanation: 2.53 x 10 = 2.53 x 10000 25300 (Ans.)
i. log,b x log,a = logab * log.b
103=2313 9.813
0.009813 (Ans.)
i. not correct,
since log,M' =
rlog,M (4)
(4) 9.813
9.813 x
10 1000
(5) 3.12 xx 105=S.12 3.12
10 100000 0.0000312 (Ans.)
ii.loga va) (5)
2+3= 13. Find the characteristics of common logarithm of
log, a3=log,a log, a-log,a=
the following numbers (without using calculator):
the log
7. What is the characteristic of common
1) 4820 (2) 72.245 (3) 1.734 (4) 0.045 (5) 0.000036
of 0.0035? Solution: Determination of the characteristic of
2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 common logarithmn:
1) 3 of Characteristic
Explanation: 0.0035 3.5 x 10
N The form Number
ax 10" of N|Exponent |digits at left side
|of decimal point|
Characteristic ofthe common log 0.0035=-3 or 3. or, number of
Considering the number 0.0225, answer the zeroes between|
following questions (8- 10) decimal point
and its next first|
8. Which one of the following is in the form a"?
2) (0.015
significant digit
1) (2.5) a 4820 4.820x 10 4-1 3
3) (1.5 4) (0.15) 4
b 72.245 7.2245 x10| 2-1=1

Explanation: (.15) = 0.15 x 0.15 =0.0225 c1.734 1.734 x10 1-1=0

-(1+1)
9. Which one of the following is the scientific d 0.045 4.5x 10
form of the number? -2-2
1) 225 x 10 2) 22.5 x 10 e .000036 |3.6 x 10 -(4+1)
3) 2.25 x 102 4) 0.225 x 10 -5=5
14. Find the characteristics and mantissa of the
Explanation: 0.0225 =2.25 x 10
common logarithm of the following numbers by
1Sa<10 is the condition in the form of number ax 10"
using calculator:
10. What is the characteristic of the common log
of the number? 1) 27 (2) 63.147 (3) 1.405 (4) 0.0456 (5) 0.000673
Solution
1) 2 2) T 3)0 4) 2 (1) log 27 = 1.43136 [by using calculator]
Explanation: 0.0225 2.25 x 10 Characteristic of log 27 is 1 and mantissa is
The characteristic of the common log of the 0.43136 (Ans.)
number 0.0225=-2 or, 2. (2) log 63.147 1.80035 [by using calculator]
Characteristic of log 63.147 is 1 and
. Express into scientific form: (1) 6530 (2) 60.831
mantissa is 0.80035 (Ans.)
3) 0.000245 (4) 37500000 (5) 0.00000014
Solution: (3) log 1.405 =
0.14767 [by using calculator]
Characteristic of log 1.405 is 0 and mantissa
(1) 6530 6.530 x 1000 =
6.530 x
10' (Ans.)
2) 60.831 = 6.0831 x 10= 6.0831 x 10' (Ans.) is 0.14767 (Ans.)
4) 0.0456 = 4.56 x 10
(3) 0.000245 245 245
245 x 106 log(0.0456) = log(4.56 x 105)= log 4.56-2
1000000 10
Characteristic of the common logarithm of the
2.45 x 10 x 10= 2.45 x 10 (Ans.)
4) 37500000 3.7500000x 10000000 number =-2 or 2
3.75 x
10'(Ans.) and mantissa is 0.65896
14
5) 0.00000014 100000000 Characteristic of the common logarithm of

14
the number 0.0456 =-2 or 2
10-14 x 10 and mantissa is 0.65896 (Ans.)
(5) 0.000673 6.73 x 104
=
1.4 x 10'x 10 log(0.000673)= log(6.73 x10)=logó6.73-4
=
1.4 x
10 (Ans.)
 Panjeree Creative Secondary Mathen
186

logarithm of the 16. Iflog2 0.30103, log3 =0.47712 and log7 =ao
=
hematics
Characteristic of the common
find the values of the following expressions
- 4 or 4 ns:
number (1) log 9 (2)log 28 (3) log 42
Mantissa is 0.82802 Solution: Given that, log2 = 0.30103, log3 =

Characteristic of the logarithm of the number 0.47712 and log7 0.84510

(1) log9= log3 = 2log 3 = 2 x 0.47712 = 0,95424 (A.
0.000673 -4 or 4
and mantissa is 0.82802 (Ans.) (2) log28 =

log (4 7)= log4 +log7

x (Ans.)
15. Find the common logarithm of the product/quotient =
log2 + log7
(approximate value up to five decimal places): 21og2+log7
(1) 5.34x 8.7 +0.84510
= 2x .30103
Solution: log (5.34 x 8.7) = .60206+0.84510
= log 5.34 + log 8.7 = 1.44716 (Ans.)
= 0.72754 +0.93952
[using calculator] (3) log 42 log (2 x 3 x 7)
= 1.66706. (Ans.)
= log2 + log3 + log7
(2) 0.79 x 0.56 = .30103 +.47712 + .84510
Solution: log (0.79 x 0.56) = 1.62325 (Ans.)
log 0.79 + log 0.56 17. Given, x = 1000 and y = 0.0625
-

0.10237 -

0.25181; using calculator] 1. in the form a"b", where and b

Express x a are prime
-0.35418 numbers.
-1+0.64582 2. Express the product ofx and y in scientific form.
I .64582 (Ans.)
=
3. Find the characteristic and mantissa of the common
(3) 22.26423.42 logarithm of xy
Solution: log (22.26423.42)
l o g 22.2642 - log 3.42
Solution to thequestion no. 17
Given that, x = 1000 and y = 0.0625
a
=
1.34761 -

0.53403; using calculator] Now, x = 1000 8 x 125 = 2* x 5 = 2 . 5 ' (Ans.)

= 0.81358 (Ans.)
bxy=1000 x 0.0625 = 62.5
(4) 0.19926 32.4 = 6.25x 10
Solution: log(0.19926 32.4) 6.25x 10' (Ans.)
=

=
log 0.19926 log32.4 -

CFrom b, xy = 62.5
=-0.70058 1.51055; using calculator] Here, 62.5 = 6.25 x 10
2.21113
The characteristic of the common
=-3+0.78887
Isand mantissa of xy is 0.79588
logarithm of xy
= 3.78887 (Ans.) (Ans.)

E
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questions-answers from the Cn

1. What is the characteristics of log of the number
5. Which one
3784.8? [AJI B.-18) of the following is the scientific f1or
4 3 2
0.0261? [S.B. 16]
2. Which one of the following is scientific form of 2.61 x 10 2.61 x 10
0.0336? [S.B.17] 2.61 x 10 2.61 x 10*
3.36 x 10 6. What is the
33.6 x 104 characteristics of log of the umber
3.36 x 102 0.336 x 102 0.000435? [Dj.B. 16] nu
3 What is the characteristic of the
common 4
the number 20.20? log of 3 4 3
[Ctg.B.17] 7. In respect of
-1 0 i.10 is considered as logarithm
1 the base of
2 common logarithi
ii.characteristics of the log of the
What is the characteristic of
ii.log,M + log.N log.(M +N) number 5.34
is
the
number 35.37? [C.B.17] logarithm of the
Which
=

-1 one of the
i and ii following is correct? [B.B. 10
3 i and ii
4 ii and ii
i , ii and ii