General Maths 4.1 4.2 4.3 (Logarithm S)
General Maths 4.1 4.2 4.3 (Logarithm S)
General Maths 4.1 4.2 4.3 (Logarithm S)
Astronomy which
helps him to contribute in
Learning Outcomne
1 . Exponent. [D.B. "17, B.B. 16]
mathematics. He invented
a special method to count large
2 . Fornmulae of exponents.(DB. 17, B.B. 16. 15]
numbers in a better and simple way
3. nth root. which is known as logarithm.
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Solve the class works understanding the topics of the
Questions and Solutions of Class Work and match the given solution.
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TTorr textbook
Work: Fill in the blanks: 4Text page-81
Solution:5xs=5*
Successive
multiplication of Exponential Power or
Base
the same expression exponent|
expression
Solution: a xa
2x2x (4) (-5 =
Bx3x3x3 Solution: (-5) - 1
a x axa
bxbx b xbxb
Solution:
SuccessiIve Exponential Base Power or
multiplication expression exponent Solution
of the same
2
number or
Work: Simplifty: (1)
expression
2x22
33x3 x3
a x ax a
).s Text page-.
bxbxb x bx b b
Solution:
b
222 242 2
Work: Fill in the blanks: Text page-84
3232 4 x8 2 -2
(1)3x3x3x3 =3 -G-G-6 =1 (Ans.)
Solution: 3x3x3x3- il. --)-s (Ans.)
8*
Exponents a n d L o g a r i t h m s
155
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*****************nssos *************e*******************aaanmnnanosnsonevonnsonn*
and Solutions Practice the Solutions of this part properly. It will help you to
Exercise Questions
3) * **********************************. ******
********** ..
solve the Creative Questions easily.
Simplify (1-8):
.
7x7 Solution: 2n+4-4.2n+ 2" x2-4x2" x2
Solution 3x3* 2nt2 2n+2+2
73-3 7 2" x16-8x2"
--1x3=27 (Ans.) 2n+2-1
2"(16-8)
2n+l
2" x8
9m*22"
4 (Ans.)
V7 30+1
8.
(3 - (3-1mT
Solution: Solution:
V7 72
3T gmt+1
(3m m- (3m-1ym-T
- 7 72-7(Ans.) 3 (3)m+ 3m+l 32m+2
3m-m 3m-)(m+1)
3. (2+5 3 3m-1
Solution: (27+5l)
lution
--'- = 3mtl-m +m^32m+2-m+1
= 32m-m"+l22m-m*+3
= 3(2m-m+1)-(2m-m+3)
= 34m-m+l-2m+m-3
10
4. (2a+36)
Solution: (2a+3b-l-
=3 As)
Prove (9-15):
-3 9. 2 2 1
- -b 2b+3a
1 Solution: L.H.S. =
i
ab
1x ab ab 2 -- 1
+2b 3a+2b(Ans.) =
(2"+1)(2"- 1)
a'bh2 (2"- 1)
= 2"+1= R.H.S.
2 + 1 (Proved)
Solution:-(-b} 22P+, 3p +q, 5P*.6P
=(a'b**= a'b"-z(Ans. 10.3P-26.10.15 2
22p+32p*4 5P9.6P
6.y.yz (x>0,y>0,z0 Solution: L.HS. =3P-262.10P.15
Solution: Vy.VyzNz 22+13p*95P*(2x 3
3P-2. (2 x 3)P*.(2 x 5)P.(3 x 5
2p+1 32P*9 5p tq P 3P
2P-2 22P+2,32p *2,2P, 5P3.5
y.yz.z'x? 22p+ltpP.32P *qtP, 5P*9
2 p +2 +p 2P-2 +2p +2+9 5Ptq
(+y z1 = (*°. y'. 2} 3p+ 3'P *9 5P*9
3p t2 33Pt 5P+9
(1x1x 1)? =1 (Ans) 3p*-p-2 33P *P- sp-9 5P*9-P-9
Alternative Solution: xy.yz NZ"X - 2.3050
=5-11=5= R.H.S.
Vx y I(Ans.) 23S
3P-2.6P2.10P.15
(Proved)
Panjeree Creative Secondary Mathemat.
156
xab2
thematics
.xb
x
x a2-b +b-c+ c2-a?
Solution: L.H.S. =( ( = x= 1 =R.H.S.
a mn =1 (Proved)
= a n m * I m -nl + n m - l m
a=1 =R.H.S.
15.( =1
=1(Proved) Solution: L.H.. -
=
(xP-P **fx (x -Px (x-P)rtp-q
Alternative Solution: = xP-9) (ptq-r) x x ) q * P ) x xr-p) (r* p-9)
=
(am). (a-a' (a"m
( a - m m . ( a m l - I n ) , (amn - m
x XX
+ qr+q-rr-pq
+
pr +r-p-gr + pq
P-9-pr
* + -Im
=anlnm Im -nl nm
= x=1 = R.H.S.
= 1 = R.HS.
=1 (Proved)
or, ( 2 2
13. ) a b / or,,24x
or, 2x= 3; [Ifa' =a' then x=y, when a> 0, a* 1]]
S o l u t i o n : L.H.S. =
=
(x-ba +ab
+x (x-b+ bet cx (xe-aye2+cata2
20. 2* +2 =3 = xa-ba4 + ab + b4) x xb-cXb+ bc t e4) x x c - a c + ca + af)
Solution: 2" +2 =3
1
or, a + 2=3a
or, a-3a+2 0 (Shown)
or, a-2a -a + 2=0
or, a(a-2) - 1(a -2) = 0 22. X=(2a+3bl,Y=* R
or, (a-2) (a- 1)=0 5m+1 1
either, a-2=0 or, a - 1 = 0
or, a=2 or, a= l (5m -1*(5-m+T Where x, p, 9, r>0.
or, 2= 2 or, 2 2 1. Find the value ofX.
[substituting the value of a]
X=l '. X=0; Ifa^=a then x =y
when a > 0, a^ ] 2. Showthat Y 81=4
+
. Required solution, x =
0, 1 (Ans.) 3. Show that Y + Z=25
21. P x,Q=* and R=x* Solutionto the Question no. 22
1. Find the value Given,
of P. Qa X =(2a+3b
2. Find the value
(P\a+b (Qb+e
of o xR 2(RP- -
P)+ab +b2
3. Show that (Qbe+ Rd+cat a
R
= 1 =(4b+3a)
Solution to the Question no. 21 3a+ 2b
Given, P =x*', Q=x°, ab
Given expression =PC. Qca
ab-(Ans.)
= (x*)°*.(x°) -ca
X
- abc
3a+ 2b
= ybC-abc
2 Given,
=
= 1 (Ans.) Y- R
P =x, Q =x°, R=x -P
P-9
2(RP)-c = X Pq x x q x x P
-( +20x x** = x P9 rp
xa-ca2 + c2 3 Given,
5mt
(5m- (5-1m
_(5*)"*
5-m ' 5m-Iun + T
Sm+2
From 'b' Y =1
CE
Creative Multiple Choice Questions
71 General MCQ= 12 Multiple Completion Based
9 Situation Set Based o
2 Multiple Choice Questions
crucial for exam
Questions from Board Exanms and Top-Ranked Schools are It will make thinoc
***** ion
uesuONIs wiüh Answers from Board with
the highest attention.
preparation. Study them repeatedly easier
a
5 2 3 4 5
2. For what condition, a" = 1? [D.B.17) 16. If252 = 125, then the value of x i s - .B. 16]
a>0 a<0 a0 al 271 -2 -2
3. = What? (DB.17) 17. (2+3) =What? [B.B. 16]
16 12 8 4 5
6
6
If Va 18. If 2**'= 128, then x = what? [B.B. 16]
4. =
V5, what is the value of a? [DjB.17
2 3 4
V5 5 35 55 19. Ifp" =q", then p = 9, when--LB.17]
5. Ifx= (x", x"), what is the value of abc? [Dj.B.171
0 1 2 3 i. p>0 ii. q>0 iii. m*0
6. If 8*s = 64, what is the value of x? [C.B.17] Which one of the following is correct?
-6 -3 -1 3 i , ii i , iii
7. If 23 =8, what is the value of x? [Ctg.B.17] ii, iii i , ii, ii
-1 1 2 3
20. What is the solution of x for 4 =
32? [Joypurhat
Girls's Cadet College, Joypurhat-18]
8. What is the value of (2 +3? (s.B.17]
5
6
2 4 6 8 Cumilla-18
10. What is the value 23 2 32
of? [When n>m] [D.B. 16]
22. What is the
a-m 6 am-n
simplified value of
Ca-m
[Faujdarhat Cadet
College, Chattogram-18]
11. What is the value
of ? [D.B. 16]
p P
X
2
x°
1
-
y° -
z° =
? (Dj.B. 16] College, Chattogram-18] xyz =
? [Faujdarhat Caue
-1 -2 2 3 4
24. What is the
value of
13. Which is
the value of Vxxx4 =? [Dj.B. 16] College, Dhaka-18] (abl)l? (Scholars' Schoo
ab ab2
x
x4 25. Under which a
14. What is the value
of (3+ 9") "? [C.B. 16] condition a" =
1/a"? [Mirzapur det-17
a-0 a0 Caae
26. If m 2n then the
= a20 a>0
[Mirzapur Cadet-17] value of a" +n
a"" is
x ."
a a 2m a2 an
Chapter Four 167
Learning Outcome
Proof and application of the formulae of logarithm. [Al Board 18, R.B. 17, Cig.B. "15, B.B. 15]
e ii. 10' = 10
iv. e=e
log.a = 1
=2 The blanks in the 3 column are filled by using the rules
...
log33
4 logs3; [:log,a'= rlog,a]
4x1; [: log,a = 1]
log (42 -log, 4
= 4 (Ans.)
-.I [:loga- I]
() logs V5
(Ans.)
Solution: logs =
log,53 : [: a= an ] (4) log 400
Solution: logN5 400
-log.5
:loga =1] - log5 (2x2x5)
(9loge5.) = R.S.
3+ log1o S loga0360
Therefore, 3logi0 2+ 21og1o
=
1 312
Or 16x =logn
or, x 16
or, (x)° = (4) (2x 32*2 x5\
=logio23x 53
x 4 (Ans.)
3. Show that,
logio2
=
= 1
(2) L.S. logio 50
=
(Shown) =
+
147
logio 50 - log1o 147
=
logio (2 x5 x
log, 75 "2 -log,3+log4
5)- logio (3 x7x 7)
logio (2 5*) logio (3 x
-log-7-
=
x
+
logio 2+2 log1o 5- log1o 3 -2 logio 7*)
R.S. logio7 10-2 [:: loga = 1]
Therefore,
logio147
50
log1o 2 +2
1logio 5- logio 3 -2 logio 7
10- -21-10+15
30
(Shown) 21+-2-(Ans.)
30
E x p o n e n t s a n d L o g a r i t h m s
169
log2 (Ans.)
= -
0logl log2
- = -
log2
lng.(b.c)- 3log.bfc log.b'c* 3log.b?c 3Given, x = 2, y= 3, z=5
= -
1. What
is the log of V y' to the base 3. logy3+3log2 log( 2x5)
2. Find the value ofw log -xlog + ylog log(2x 3)- log5
log y +ylogxlog (xz)= log y'
log(3)2 + 3log(2)2 -~ logl0
3. Showthat log(xy)-logz log6- log5
Solution to the Question no. 5 3
Given, y=3 log32 +5log4-5log10
3 based logarithm of
Vy =logvy-logy3
log
=
log:(3*" log,32 =
wlog -xlog+ylog x4
2.5
log (3x410) log10
-
log -
2x5 32
log14 4 x 3? 2 x 5°) 3
32 log.32=log,(3)2
= log 2x5 314
21 x 5 =
log.(y')2 log,vy =
log,Vy' (Shown)
E
Exams and Top-Ranked Schools RITKo 1or you wile pracucng the topic-wIse questions-answers from the chapters.
What is theeess*ssan* *s*sssasss***s*ssnss******
value of log/s64? 1AII B.-18) 4. Iflog,625 = 4, what is the value of x? U.B.17]
2 4 5 25
1 22 4
5. If log of 144 is 4, then what isthe base?|B.B.17
On which condition given below log, a =
1? [R.B.17
3, a 1 O a>0, a * 10 a# 0, a>1 23 32 52 25
ch one of the following is the value of logs 6. 10g2x log ,27= what? (D.B.7)
125? (.B.17) 9
3 6 27
5 6 8
184 Chapter Four
Learning Outcome
1. Scientific form of numbers.
2 . Logarithm method.
3. Characteristic and mantissa of common logarithm.
CE
Class Work and Exercise Questions
2 Class Works17 Exercise Questions
. ... torsonoos.*.***************"*********************"********************** ************************ .u....
14
the number 0.0456 =-2 or 2
10-14 x 10 and mantissa is 0.65896 (Ans.)
(5) 0.000673 6.73 x 104
=
1.4 x 10'x 10 log(0.000673)= log(6.73 x10)=logó6.73-4
=
1.4 x
10 (Ans.)
Panjeree Creative Secondary Mathen
186
logarithm of the 16. Iflog2 0.30103, log3 =0.47712 and log7 =ao
=
hematics
Characteristic of the common
find the values of the following expressions
- 4 or 4 ns:
number (1) log 9 (2)log 28 (3) log 42
Mantissa is 0.82802 Solution: Given that, log2 = 0.30103, log3 =
0.10237 -
=
log 0.19926 log32.4 -
CFrom b, xy = 62.5
=-0.70058 1.51055; using calculator] Here, 62.5 = 6.25 x 10
2.21113
The characteristic of the common
=-3+0.78887
Isand mantissa of xy is 0.79588
logarithm of xy
= 3.78887 (Ans.) (Ans.)
E
Creative Multiple Choice Questions
********:*****************
80 Multiple Choice Questions 49 General MCQ=
*************se************************************
12
.....
=
9
Multiple
Situation Set Based Completion
10 Exam at Home
Based P
Questions with Answers from Board, Questions Irom Bard Exams and ********************
-1 one of the
i and ii following is correct? [B.B. 10
3 i and ii
4 ii and ii
i , ii and ii