VOCABULARY

B1 Student’s Book Wordlist
UNIT 1
WORD PRONUNCIATION PART OF EXAMPLE SENTENCE CASTILIAN1
SPEECH
adolescence /ˌædəˈles(ə)ns/ noun He spent most of his adolescence in Germany. adolescencia
adolescents /ˌædəˈles(ə)ntz/ noun Many adolescents spend hours on their phones adolescente
every day.
alternative /ɔːlˈtɜː(r)nətɪv/ noun I had to buy this phone; there was no alternative. alternativa
amongst /əˈmʌŋst/ preposition The grass grows amongst the flowers. entre
argument /ˈɑː(r)ɡjʊmənt/ noun I have had an argument with my best friend. discusión
aunt /ɑːnt/ noun I love to visit my aunt and uncle in the countryside. tía
baby /ˈbeɪbi/ noun The baby is crying a lot because she’s getting her bebé
first teeth and it hurts.
brother-in-law /ˈbrʌðə(r)-ɪn-ˌlɔː/ noun He gets on well with his brother-in-law. cuñado
by accident /baɪ ˈæksɪd(ə)nt/ phrase Occasionally, we would meet by accident in por accidente
the corridor.
care /keə(r)/ verb They treat their dog well because they care about importar
animals.
challenges /ˈtʃæləndʒiz/ noun The work was difficult and we had to solve many reto
challenges.
child /tʃaɪld/ noun He can’t understand – he’s just a child. niño
choice /tʃɔɪs/ noun You have a choice between the red apple and the elección
green apple.
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confidence /ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns/ noun He’s a nice boy, but he doesn’t have much confianza
confidence.
connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ noun I knew they had the same surname, but I conexión
didn’t make the connection that they’re cousins.
cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ noun Harry and I are cousins; our mothers are sisters. primo
daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ noun They were very proud of their daughter when she hija
won the competition.
daughter-in-law /ˈdɔːtə(r)-ɪn-ˌlɔː/ noun She’s going to see the new film with her daughter- nuera
in-law.
difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ noun What are the main differences between these two diferencia
computers?
divorced /dɪˈvɔː(r)st/ adjective She never married again after she got divorced. divorciada
embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ noun I felt my face burning with embarrassment. vergüenza
enjoyment /ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/ noun Lisa ate the cake with obvious enjoyment. disfrute
explanation /ˌekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ noun He gave a detailed explanation of explicación
the events leading up to the accident.
extended /ɪkˈstendɪd/ adjective Try to avoid spending extended periods of time at largo
the computer.
far away /fɑː(r)/ /əˈweɪ/ phrase Her grandmother moved far away and she misses lejos
her a lot.
father-in-law /ˈfɑːðə(r)-ɪn-ˌlɔː/ noun He likes to watch football with his father-in-law. suegro
fine /faɪn/ noun My dad got a £100 fine for driving over the speed multa
limit.
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grandchild /ˈɡræn(d)ˌtʃaɪld/ noun Their first grandchild was born in September last nieto
year.
granddaughter /ˈɡræn(d)ˌdɔːtə(r)/ noun My granddaughter is 16 years old next month. nieta
grandfather /ˈɡræn(d) /ˈfɑːðə(r)/ noun I have a lovely old photo of my grandfather when he abuelo
was only ten.
grandmother /ˈɡræn(d)ˌmʌðə(r)/ noun My grandmother loves to read stories to her abuela
grandchildren.
grandparent /ˈɡræn(d)ˌpeərənt/ noun The little girl loves spending time with her abuelos
grandparents going on walks in the countryside.
grandson /ˈɡræn(d)ˌsʌn/ noun My grandson is starting college in October. nieto
great-grandfather /ɡreɪt- noun Her great-grandfather lived through the Great bisabuelo
ˈɡræn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/ Depression of the 1920s.
great-grandmother /ɡreɪt -ˈɡræn(d) noun Her great-grandmother has some lovely old bisabuela
mʌðə(r)/ photographs.
grow up /ɡrəʊ ʌp/ phrasal verb Children grow up to become adults. crecer
husband /ˈhʌzbənd/ noun My sister and her husband are both doctors. marido
immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ adjective I quit my job with immediate effect. inmediato
improvement /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ noun My piano playing is getting better, but there is still mejora
much room for improvement.
independence /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ noun Jane wanted more independence to handle her own independencia
money.
marriage /ˈmærɪdʒ/ noun The wedding guests wished the couple a long and matrimonio
happy marriage.
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middle-aged /ˌmɪd(ə)l-ˈeɪdʒd/ adjective The new manager is middle-aged and very edad media
(man/woman) experienced. (hombre/mujer)
mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ noun I made a mistake and got the answer wrong. error
mother-in-law /ˈmʌðə(r)-ɪn-ˌlɔː/ noun He was nervous to meet his future mother-in-law. suegra
naughty /ˈnɔːti/ adjective The naughty boy didn’t listen to his mum calling desobediente
him.
nephew /ˈnefjuː/ noun He offered to look after his nephew for the sobrino
afternoon.
niece /niːs/ noun Sally is Mary’s niece; her mother is Mary’s only sobrina
sister.
notice /ˈnəʊtɪs/ verb I was concentrating on my book and didn’t notice darse cuenta
what was happening.
one-parent /ˌwʌn-peərənt/ adjective After their father’s death, they became a one-parent monoparental
family.
only child /ˌəʊnli ˈtʃɑɪld/ noun Lucy always liked being an only child. hija única
order /ˈɔː(r)də(r)/ noun Please arrange the documents in order according to orden
date.
partner /ˈpɑː(r)tnə(r)/ noun They have been partners for a really long time. pareja
permission /pə(r)ˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ noun Ask your parents’ permission before going online. permiso
post /pəʊst/ verb Harry posts on social media all the time. publicar
privacy settings /ˈprɪvəsi ˈsetɪŋs/ noun It is a good idea to check the privacy settings on ajustes de privacidad
your mobile phone.
relative /ˈrelətɪv/ noun We spent the week visiting relatives. pariente
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senior citizen /ˌsiːniə(r) ˈsɪtɪz(ə)n/ noun A senior citizen is someone who is more than 60 ciudadano de la tercera
years old. edad
sensible /ˈsensəb(ə)l/ adjective It would be sensible to check with everybody first sensata
before making a decision.
shouting /ʃaʊtɪŋ / verb I’m shouting loudly so that everyone can hear what gritar
I’m saying.
similarities /ˌsɪməˈlærətiz/ noun There two stories are totally different and there are similitud
no similarities between them.
single /ˈsɪŋg(ə)l/ adjective Please state whether you are single, married, or soltero
divorced.
sister-in-law /ˈsɪstə(r)-ɪn-ˌlɔː/ noun She likes to go shopping with her sister-in-law. cuñada
solution /səˈluːʃ(ə)n/ noun They came up with a good solution to the problem solución
of litter in the area.
son /sʌn/ noun He is the son of a famous actor. hijo
son-in-law /sʌn-ɪn-ˌlɔː/ noun She enjoys spending time with her son-in-law. yerno
sorts /sɔː(r)tz/ noun There are all sorts of people going to the gym to get tipo
fit.
stages /steɪdʒiz/ noun At this stage children can read simple words. etapa
stepfather /ˈstepˈfɑːðə(r)/ noun Joe’s stepfather was waiting for him outside school. padrastro
stepmother /ˈstepˌmʌðə(r)/ noun Katharine’s stepmother baked her a delicious cake madrastra
for her birthday.
strangers /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)z/ noun I do not know those people; they are strangers. desconocido
take it in turns /teɪk ɪn tɜː(r)nz/ phrasal verb We will take it in turns to look after our turnarse
grandparents; I will go first.
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teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪdʒə(r)/ noun Teenagers could experience a lot of social pressure. adolescente
toddler /ˈtɒdlə(r)/ noun The toddler laughed when she fell down. bebé
twin /twɪn/ noun I have a twin brother and I also have one sister. gemelo
uncle /ˈʌŋk(ə)l/ noun My uncle runs his own business. tío
unfair /ʌnˈfeə(r)/ adjective It is unfair that we do not earn the same salary for injusto
doing the same work.
wife /waɪf/ noun My wife and I are planning to find work abroad. esposa
young adult /ˌjʌŋ ˈædʌlt/ noun Most of the employees of the restaurant are young joven adulto
adults.
UNIT 2
WORD PRONUNCIATION PART OF EXAMPLE SENTENCE CASTILIAN
SPEECH
accusation /ˌækjʊˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun She made a number of accusations against her acusación
colleagues.
accuse /əˈkjuːz/ verb Are you accusing me of lying? acusar
accuse a suspect /əˌkjuːz eɪ səˈspekt/ phrase The detective needs to find evidence before she acusar un sospechoso
could accuse a suspect.
analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ verb The student had to analyse the information so he analizar
could write a report.
analyse evidence /ˌænəlaɪz ˈevɪd(ə)ns/ phrase It is important to analyse all of the evidence very analizar pruebas
carefully.
analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ noun The report included a good analysis análisis
of the information.
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arrest /əˈrest/ noun The information led to the arrest of three suspects. arresto
arrest /əˈrest/ verb Police went to the shop at night and arrested six arrestar
men.
arrest a suspect /əˌrest eɪ səˈspekt/ phrase The police arrived at 3 am to arrest the suspect. arrestar un sospechoso
arrow /ˈærəʊ/ noun The arrow shows in which direction to go. flecha
arson /ˈɑː(r)s(ə)n/ noun The building was burned out last night and the incendio provocado
police suspect arson.
arsonist /ˈɑː(r)s(ə)nɪst/ noun The arsonist set fire to building. pirómano
break into /ˌbreɪk ˈɪntuː/ phrasal verb The thieves made plans to break into the house allanar
while the people were out.
burglar /ˈbɜː(r)ɡlə(r)/ noun The burglar has been arrested, but the diamonds are ladrón
still missing.
burglary /ˈbɜː(r)ɡləri/ noun He went to jail for 12 months for burglary. robo
burn /bɜː(r)n/ verb The building was burning down. arder
case /keɪs/ noun He did everything he could to win the case. caso
charge /tʃɑː(r)dʒ/ noun She was accused of shoplifting, but the police later cargo
dropped the charges.
charge /tʃɑː(r)dʒ/ verb Two men have been charged in connection with the acusar
fire.
charge a suspect /ˌtʃɑː(r)dʒ eɪ səˈspekt/ phrase We are here to charge the suspects in connection presentar cargos contra
with the burglary. un sospechoso
clue /kluː/ noun The detective found a clue that will help to solve the pista
mystery.
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come across /ˌkʌm əˈkrɒs/ phrasal verb I came across a word I’d never seen encontrar
before.
come up with /ˌkʌm ʌp wɪθ/ phrasal verb Can anyone come up with a plan to solve the ocurrir
problem?
crime /kraɪm/ noun Stealing is against the law and it is therefore a crime. crimen
criminals /ˈkrɪmɪn(ə)lz/ noun The criminals stole all the money. criminales
cybercrime /ˈsaɪbə(r)ˌkraɪm/ noun Cybercrime is on the rise, especially with stealing cibercrimen
people’s personal information.
cybercriminal /ˈsaɪbə(r)ˌkrɪmɪn(ə)l/ noun It’s very difficult to catch cybercriminals, because cibercriminal
they can be anonymous and work from anywhere in
the world.
damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ verb The fire only damaged the house on one side. dañar
destroyed /dɪˈstrɔɪd/ noun The fire destroyed the whole house, so they had destrucción
nowhere to stay.
dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ noun A dialogue is a conversation between two or more diálogo
people.
elderly /ˈeldə(r)li/ adjective The elderly man walks with difficulty. mayor
evidence /ˈevɪd(ə)ns/ noun The panel collected evidence for prueba
ten months before writing its report.
find out /ˌfaɪnd ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb We may never find out the truth about what descubrir
happened.
got on the ground /ɡɒt ɒn ðiː ɡraʊnd/ phrasal verb To play this game you need to get on the ground. ponerse en el suelo
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guess /ɡes/ verb I will have to guess where to turn, as I do not know averiguar
the correct address.
hacker /ˈhækə(r)/ noun The hacker found valuable information on the hacker
computer.
illegal /ɪˈliːɡ(ə)l/ adjective It is illegal to drive over the speed limit. ilegal
in fact /ɪn fækt/ phrase I haven’t seen him for so long – in fact, I can’t de hecho
even remember exactly what he looks like.
in search of /ɪn sɜː(r)tʃ ɒv/ phrase The rescue teams went in search of survivors of the a la búsqueda de
crash.
insert /ɪnˈsɜː(r)t/ verb This command inserts the copied text into insertar
another place in the document.
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ verb We sent a reporter to investigate the story. investigar
investigate a case /ɪnˌvestɪɡeɪt eɪ keɪs/ phrase They sent a detective to investigate the case. investigar un caso
investigating /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtɪŋ / noun The police are investigating the robbery. investigación
investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun There were no new suspects in the murder, but the investigación
investigation continues.
kidnapper /ˈkɪdnæp ər/ noun The kidnappers of his grandson wanted $17 million secuestrador
to return the child.
kidnapping /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/ noun A victim of a kidnapping can take a long time to secuestro
recover from the experience.
kill /kɪl/ verb Each year, thousands of pedestrians are killed or asesinar
injured on the roads.
look for /ˈlʊk fɔː(r)/ phrasal verb He was looking for work as a doctor. buscar
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look into /ˌlʊk ˈɪntuː/ phrasal verb I wrote a letter of complaint, and the airline have prestar atención
promised to look into it.
look up /ˌlʊk ʌp/ phrasal verb I didn’t know what ‘voracious’ meant and had buscar
to look it up in a dictionary.
misunderstanding /ˌmɪsʌndə(r)ˈstændɪŋ/ noun There’s been a misunderstanding – malentendido
Mr Jones isn’t expecting you until tomorrow.
mugger /ˈmʌɡə(r)/ noun The mugger ran away with the wallet he stole. atracador
mugging /ˈmʌɡɪŋ/ noun He was the victim of a street mugging. atraco
murder /ˈmɜː(r)də(r)/ noun They were found guilty of murder. asesinato
murderer /ˈmɜː(r)dərə(r)/ noun The murderer was sentenced for life in prison. asesino
passwords /ˈpɑːsˌwɜː(r)dz/ noun We have secret passwords that we have to put into contraseña
the computer to be able to use the system.
pay any attention /peɪ ˈeni əˈtenʃ(ə)n/ phrasal verb If you are not paying any attention, you won’t do prestar atención
well in the test.
proof /pruːf/ noun It wasn’t possible to provide proof that she was prueba
guilty.
prove /pruːv/ verb The lawyer has to prove that the suspect committed probar
the crime.
question /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ noun Why won’t you answer my question? pregunta
question /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ verb The detective questioned me for two hours. interrogar
question a witness /ˌkwestʃ(ə)n ə ˈwɪtnəs/ phrase Police are questioning a witness in connection with interrogar a un testigo
the robbery.
realised /ˈrɪəlaɪzd/ verb I realised how unhappy he was at the time. darse cuenta
robber /ˈrɒbə(r)/ noun The bank robbers got away with a lot of money. ladrón
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robbery /ˈrɒbəri/ noun He was arrested and charged with robbery. robo
search /sɜː(r)tʃ/ noun The search for the missing people still continues. búsqueda
search /sɜː(r)tʃ/ verb They are still searching for any surviving animals buscar
from the fire.
search for evidence /sɜː(r)tʃ fɔː(r) phrase Scientists search for evidence of life on buscar pruebas
ˈevɪd(ə)ns/ other planets.
shoplifter /ˈʃɒpˌlɪftə(r)/ noun Her job at the shop was to catch shoplifters. ladrón
shoplifting /ˈʃɒpˌlɪftɪŋ/ noun The young couple were arrested for shoplifting. robo
smuggler /ˈsmʌɡ(ə)lə(r)/ noun Smugglers have caused some wildlife to become contrabandista
endangered.
smuggling /ˈsmʌɡ(ə)lɪŋ/ noun Smuggling is when you bring something into a contrabando
different country without permission.
steal /stiːl/ verb They went to jail for three years for stealing cars. robar
sufficient /səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ adjective There is now sufficient evidence to prove that he is suficiente
not guilty.
suspect /səˈspekt/ noun A suspect is being questioned by detectives in sospechoso
connection with the robbery.
theft /θeft/ noun There have been a lot of thefts recently. robo
thief /θiːf/ noun The thief stole a valuable painting from the ladrón
museum.
title /ˈtaɪt(ə)l/ noun The title of a book usually gives a clue what the título
story is about.
turn up /ˌtɜː(r)n ˈʌp/ phrasal verb The documents finally turned up – they were under aparecer
the desk!
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vandal /ˈvænd(ə)l/ noun The vandal had caused a lot of damage to the vándalo
building.
vandalism /ˈvændəˌlɪz(ə)m/ noun There has been a lot more vandalism in the area vandalismo
lately.
violence /ˈvaɪələns/ noun He had endured years of intimidation and violence. violencia
witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ noun Witnesses reported hearing two gunshots. testigo
work out /ˌwɜː(r)k ˈaʊt/ phrasal verb Can you work out who committed the crime with averiguar
the information you have?
UNIT 3
SPEECH
accuracy /ˈækjʊrəsi/ noun The computer will calculate your position with great precisión
accuracy.
accurate /ˈækjʊrət/ adjective We need to get an accurate estimate of what preciso
the new building will cost.
Arabic (LANGUAGE) /ˈærəbɪk/ noun Sandra is learning to speak Arabic before her visit to árabe
Egypt.
Argentina /ˌɑː(r)dʒənˈtiːnə/ noun Have you ever been to Argentina? Argentina
Argentinian /ˌɑː(r)dʒənˈtɪniən/ adjective Marco’s uncle is Argentinian. argentino
Austria /ˈɒstriə/ noun They are going to Austria for the summer holidays. Austria
Austrian /ˈɒstriən/ adjective My neighbour collects Austrian clocks. austríaco
blending /blendɪŋ/ noun The blending of old words to make new words is mezcla
quite fun.
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blends /blendz/ noun New blends of words happen all the time. mezcla
Brazil /brəˈzɪl/ noun There are some amazing places to visit in Brazil. Brasil
Brazilian /brəˈzɪliən/ adjective I think the Brazilian football team is excellent. brasileño
Bulgaria /bʌlˈgeərɪə/ noun I’ve never been to Bulgaria. Bulgaria
Bulgarian /bʌlˈgeərɪən/ adjective Banitsa is a traditional Bulgarian dish. búlgaro
Bulgarian /bʌlˈgeərɪən/ noun Bulgarian is closely related to Polish, so Bulgarians búlgaro
(LANGUAGE) and Poles can understand each other.
confident /ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt/ adjective I have studied hard, so I am confident that I will pass seguro
the exam.
development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ noun We encourage our staff in their development desarrollo
of new skills.
Egypt /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ noun The most exciting holiday I ever had was in Egypt. Egipto
Egyptian /ɪˈdʒɪpʃ(ə)n/ adjective There is a lot of research into the Ancient Egyptian egipcia
way of life.
emotions /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ noun She learnt to control her emotions and not show her emoción
feelings.
(do/write an) essay (/ˌduː/) /æn ˈeseɪ/ phrase The students need to do an essay about 18th century (escribir/redactar) una
(/raɪt/) /æn ˈeseɪ/ literature. redacción
evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ verb Languages change and evolve over time. evolucionar
(do/take an) exam (/ˌduː/) /æn ɪgˈzæm/ phrase Tom has to take a math exam tomorrow morning. (hacer/someterse a) un
(/teɪk/) /æn ɪgˈzæm/ examen
(do an) exercise (/ˌduː æn/)/ phrase Do the exercises on page 6 for homework. (hacer) ejercicio
/ˈeksə(r)saɪz/
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First Lady /fɜː(r)st ˈleɪdi/ noun The First Lady of the United States has many primera dama
projects of her own.
fluency /ˈfluːənsi/ noun The job requires fluency in two or more languages. fluidez
fluent /ˈfluːənt/ adjective Steve speaks fluent Japanese. fluido
French (LANGUAGE) /frentʃ/ noun French is spoken in many African countries. francés
German /ˈdʒɜː(r)mən/ noun The German language is very old. alemán
(LANGUAGE)
(do) homework (/ˌduː/) phrase Have the children done all their homework yet? (hacer) los deberes
/ˈhəʊmˌwɜː(r)k/
illegal /ɪˈliːg(ə)l/ adjective The smugglers were charged with illegal activities. ilegal
illogical /ɪˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adjective I know it’s illogical to worry so much, but ilógico
I just can’t help it!
impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ adjective It would be impolite to leave the party so early. irrespetuoso
impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəb(ə)l/ adjective We were faced with an impossible task. imposible
incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈrekt/ adjective You selected an incorrect answer to this test incorrecta
question.
informal /ɪnˈfɔː(r)m(ə)l/ adjective It was very informal – more of a chat than an informal
interview.
invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ adjective She had a magic cape that made her invisible. invisible
irregular /ɪˈregjʊlə(r)/ adjective The plural form of ‘child’ is irregular. irregular
irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l/ adjective It was irresponsible of you to leave him alone. irresponsable
Italian (LANGUAGE) /ɪˈtæliən/ noun Many operas are written in Italian. italiano
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Japan /dʒəˈpæn/ noun Her cousins lived in Japan and spoke three Japón
languages.
Japanese /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/ adjective Japanese culture is very different from my own. japonesa
Japanese /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/ noun Milan speaks fluent Japanese. japonés
(LANGUAGE)
memorisation /ˈmeməraɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun Good memorisation skills can be learned with memorización
certain techniques.
memorise /ˈmeməraɪz/ verb In school we had to memorise Rudyard Kipling’s memorizar
poem If.
Mexican /ˈmeksɪkən/ adjective The museum has a great collection of Mexican mexicano
paintings.
Mexico /ˈmeksɪkəʊ/ noun Anna is looking forward to her trip to Mexico. México
missing out /ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt/ phrasal verb She kept on checking her phone for messages to perderse
make sure she’s not missing out on anything.
(make a) mistake (/ˌmeɪk eɪ/) /mɪsˈteɪk/ phrase Please do that exercise again – you’ve made a (cometer) un error
mistake.
nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ noun The girl was born in Germany, so her nationality is nacionalidad
German.
oral /ˈɔːrəl/ adjective In the oral exam we had to say the answers out loud oral
instead of writing them down.
parrot /ˈpærət/ noun A parrot is a brightly coloured bird that can learn to loro
say words.
Poland /ˈpəʊlənd/ noun When did they go to Poland? Polonia
Polish /ˈpɒlɪʃ/ adjective Pierogi are traditional Polish food. polaco
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Polish (LANGUAGE) /ˈpɒlɪʃ/ noun There are over 40 million Polish speakers around the polaco
world.
Portuguese /ˌpɔː(r)tʃəˈgiːz/ noun Portuguese is an official language in ten countries portugués
(LANGUAGE) and territories, including Brazil and Portugal.
posts /pəʊsts/ noun I wrote a blog post about this yesterday. publicación
practice /ˈpræktɪs/ noun Your English-speaking skills will improve with regular práctica
practice.
practise /ˈpræktɪs/ verb How many hours a day do you practise playing the practicar
guitar?
presenter /prɪˈzentə(r)/ noun The presenter introduced the new programme on presentador
television.
primate /ˈpraɪmeɪt/ noun A primate is an animal belonging to the same group primate
as humans, which includes monkeys.
revise /rɪˈvaɪz/ verb Have you revised the work we did last term? revisar
revision /rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ noun I can’t go out – I’ve got to do some revision for my revisión
exams.
Russia /ˈrʌʃə/ noun I’d like to visit Russia next summer. Rusia
Russian /ˈrʌʃ(ə)n/ adjective We watched some Russian dancing at the festival. ruso
Russian /ˈrʌʃ(ə)n/ noun About 260 million people speak Russian. ruso
(LANGUAGE)
Spanish /ˈspænɪʃ/ noun Spanish is a Romance language that evolved from español
(LANGUAGE) Latin.
study /ˈstʌdi/ verb You need to study much more if you want to do well estudiar
in the exams.
16
Swiss /swɪs/ adjective The Swiss mountain ranges are famous for their suizo
beauty.
Switzerland /ˈswɪtsə(r)lənd/ noun Marcie went skiing in Switzerland last year. Suiza
Thai /taɪ/ adjective We had a delicious Thai meal last night. tailandés
Thai (LANGUAGE) /taɪ/ noun Jan tried to learn speaking Thai before he visited the tailandés
country.
Thailand /ˈtaɪlænd/ noun Julie travelled around Thailand in her gap year. Tailandia
translate /trænsˈleɪt/ verb I don’t speak Russian, so someone will have to traducir
translate the article for me.
translation /trænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun Which translation of Don Quixote are you reading? traducción
Turkey /ˈtɜː(r)ki/ noun Turkey can be very hot at this time of year. Turquía
Turkish /ˈtɜː(r)kɪʃ/ adjective The family enjoyed their holiday at the Turkish turco
seaside.
Turkish /ˈtɜː(r)kɪʃ/ noun I think it’s harder to learn Turkish than French or turco
(LANGUAGE) German.
uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəb(ə)l/ adjective You’ll be uncomfortable for a few days after incómodo
the surgery.
unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/ adjective What makes you so unhappy? infeliz
unofficial /ˌʌnəˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adjective He has become his club’s unofficial leader. no oficial
unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒʊəl/ adjective Local residents should contact the police if they inusual
notice anything unusual.
17
UNIT 4
SPEECH
ache /eɪk/ noun Since I fell, I had an ache in my right leg. dolor
ache /eɪk/ verb My legs ached after the long-distance walk. doler
allergies /ˈælə(r)dʒiz/ noun The child has many allergies and gets very ill if he alergia
eats certain foods.
ankle /ˈæŋk(ə)l/ noun I fell and hurt my ankle. tobillo
arm /ɑː(r)m/ noun I put my arm around his shoulders. brazo
back /bæk/ noun He’s broken his back, but he’s still alive. espalda
black eye /blæk aɪ/ noun He was lucky to get out of the fight with no other ojo morado
injuries than a black eye.
break /breɪk/ verb She broke her leg when she tripped over a big descanso
stone on a hike.
broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adjective He had a broken arm and leg from the accident. roto
bruise /bruːz/ noun Most of her injuries after the accident cardenal
were just cuts and bruises.
bruise /bruːz/ verb She bruised her leg quite badly when she tripped magullar
and fell against a rock.
18
calf /kɑːf/ noun His calves were quite sore after his new exercise pantorrilla
routine.
cheek /tʃiːk/ noun Sarah kissed her on the cheek. mejilla
chin /tʃɪn/ noun You’ve got some ketchup on your chin. barbilla
cold /kəʊld/ noun I think I caught this cold on my camping holiday. resfriado
cough /kɒf/ noun Sam has had a terrible cough for two weeks. tos
cough /kɒf/ verb I coughed uncontrollably all night long. toser
cut /kʌt/ noun She suffered a deep cut to her head when her corte
horse threw her off and she fell against a log.
cut /kʌt/ verb He cut himself when working with a very sharp cortar
knife.
detect /dɪˈtekt/ verb The system is capable of detecting small detectar

movements.
diet /ˈdaɪət/ noun Your diet consists of all the food you normally eat. dieta
ear /ɪə(r)/ noun He whispered something in her ear. oreja
elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ noun He sat with his elbows on the table. codo
entertainment /ˌentə(r)ˈteɪnmənt/ noun The concert was good entertainment and the entretenimiento
people enjoyed the show.
face /feɪs/ noun The ball hit me in the face. cara
19
finger /ˈfɪŋgə(r)/ noun He has long fingers, which makes it easier to play dedo
the piano.
first-aid kit /ˌfɜː(r)st ˈeɪd kɪt/ noun She’s trained to apply first aid and has her own kit de primeros auxilios
first-aid kit.
flu /fluː/ noun Chris is not feeling well; he’s in bed with flu. gripe
food poisoning /ˈfuːd ˌpɔɪz(ə)nɪŋ/ noun Their holiday was ruined when they got food intoxicación alimentaria
poisoning.
foot /fʊt/ noun Mary put her sandals on her feet before going for a pie
walk.
forehead /ˈfɔː(r)ˌhed/ noun She had a long face, with a high forehead. frente
hand /hænd/ noun Mrs Bennet put her hands over her ears to shut out mano
the noise.
head /hed/ noun There was a bruise on the side of her head. cabeza
headache /ˈhedeɪk/ noun I have a terrible headache. dolor de cabeza
health centre /ˈhelθ ˌsentə(r)/ noun She had to wait for a long time at the health centre centro de salud
to see the doctor.
heart disease /ˈhɑː(r)t dɪˈziːz/ noun My granddad died of heart disease. enfermedad cardíaca
heel /hiːl/ noun The heel is the back part of your foot. talón
hip /hɪp/ noun She stood with her hands on her hips, waiting cadera
impatiently.
20
‘home’ button /həʊm ˈbʌt(ə)n/ noun Press the ‘home’ button on your phone to go to botón «inicio»
your home screen.
hurt /hɜː(r)t/ verb Fred’s knees hurt after skiing all day. doler
informal /ɪnˈfɔː(r)m(ə)l/ adjective The meeting was relaxed and informal, so everyone informal
enjoyed it.
injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ verb I fell off my bicycle and injured my shoulder. lesionar
injured /ˈɪndʒə(r)d/ verb She injured her leg when she fell, and had to walk lesionar
on crutches.
inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ noun The teacher’s kind words were an inspiration and inspiración
made me want to work harder.
jaw /dʒɔː/ noun He broke his jaw when he crashed his bicycle. mandíbula
knee /niː/ noun I have a small cut on my knee. rodilla
lamppost /ˈlæmpˌpəʊst/ noun He rested against the lamppost next to the bus farola
stop while waiting for the bus.
leg /leg/ noun He’s trying to balance on one leg. pierna
lock /lɒk/ verb Lock your phone so you don’t make calls by bloquear
accident.
miss /mɪs/ verb She misses her niece a lot now that they have echar de menos
moved away.
mouth /maʊθ/ noun She opened her mouth to speak. boca
21
neck /nek/ noun The three winners had medals placed round their cuello
necks.
nose /nəʊz/ noun You breathe and smell through your nose. nariz
nosebleed /ˈnəʊzˌbliːd/ noun She got a nosebleed because of the high heat. sangrado de nariz
pain /peɪn/ noun Harry has had really bad back pain for a number of dolor
years.
painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(r)/ noun Can you get me some painkillers? analgésico
pavement /ˈpeɪvmənt/ noun They walked on the pavement on their way to the asfalto
café.
responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ noun I will lock the doors, because it is my responsibility responsabilidad
to take care of security.
scratch /skrætʃ/ noun Don’t worry – it’s just a small scratch. arañazo
scratch /skrætʃ/ verb The tree’s branches had scratched his hands and arañar
they were bleeding.
shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ noun She injured her shoulder in the accident. hombro
sit up straight /sɪt ʌp streɪt/ phrasal You’ve got to stop slouching and sit up straight. sentarse recto
verb
solutions /səˈluːʃ(ə)nz/ noun We will find a solution to the problem, so you do solución
not have to worry.
sore /sɔː(r)/ adjective Her eyes were sore from studying all night. irritado
22
sprain /spreɪn/ noun The nurse explained that a sprain is esguince
a painful injury that you get when
you suddenly stretch a joint too much.
sprain /spreɪn/ verb My grandma sprained her ankle when she missed hacerse un esguince
the step.
sprained /spreɪnd/ adjective My sprained wrist is healing fast. esguinzada
sprained /spreɪnd/ verb The boy sprained his ankle playing tennis. hacerse un esguince
stomach /ˈstʌmək/ noun Do you feel any pain in your stomach? estómago
stomach ache /ˈstʌmək ˌeɪk/ noun He’s gone home with a stomach ache. dolor de estómago
sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜː(r)n/ noun Sophie got really bad sunburn when she went quemadura solar
hiking without a hat.
swollen /ˈswəʊlən/ adjective His ankle got quite swollen when he broke it. inflamado
(high) temperature (/haɪ/) /ˈtemprɪtʃə(r)/ noun He was worried that she might be quite ill because fiebre
of her high temperature.
thigh /θaɪ/ noun My thighs are getting very strong from practising muslo
goal kicking.
throat /θrəʊt/ noun Have we got any medicine for a sore throat? garganta
thumb /θʌm/ noun She lifted the note carefully between her finger and pulgar
thumb.
23
toe /təʊ/ noun I have to go to the doctor because I think I’ve dedo del pie
broken my little toe.
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ noun Malaria is caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. virus
waiting room /ˈweɪtɪŋ ˌruːm/ noun The waiting room was full of patients. sala de espera
wheelchair /ˈwiːlˌtʃeə(r)/ noun He had to push his daughter in a wheelchair when silla de ruedas
she came out of hospital.
wrist /rɪst/ noun He looked at the watch on his wrist to check the muñeca
time.
UNIT 5
SPEECH
actually /ˈæktʃuəli/ adverb There’s a big difference between saying you’ll do realmente
something and actually doing it.
animators /ˈænɪˌmeɪtə(r)s/ noun The animators make films or cartoons with animador
drawings of moving characters.
annoyed /əˈnɔɪd/ adjective We were annoyed to find that the plane was late. molesto
annoying /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/ adjective It’s so annoying when people talk all through molesto
a film!
awful /ˈɔːf(ə)l/ adjective The smell near the rubbish bin horrible
was absolutely awful.
24
beard /bɪə(r)d/ noun My brother has a thick, long beard. barba
binge-watch /ˈbɪndʒ-ˌwɒtʃ/ verb Let’s binge-watch the entire TV series tonight! hacer maratón (de
serie)
binge-watching /ˈbɪndʒ-ˌwɒtʃɪŋ/ noun I will have to stop binge-watching TV series maratón (de serie)
and instead spend more time studying.
bored /bɔː(r)d/ adjective Steve was getting bored with the game and wanted aburrido
to do something else instead.
boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ adjective It gets boring just being at home all day with aburrido
nothing to do – I’ll have to think of some
interesting activities.
brilliant /ˈbrɪljənt/ adjective The brilliant scientist got a Nobel Prize for her work brillante
in chemistry.
cartoon /kɑː(r)ˈtuːn/ noun My little sister loves watching cartoons in the dibujo animado
afternoons after she has done her homework.
celebrities /səˈlebrətiz/ noun There were many celebrities at the award celebridad
ceremony.
channel /ˈtʃæn(ə)l/ noun Let’s see what’s on the other channels. canal
chat show /ˈtʃæt ˌʃəʊ/ noun My favourite chat show is on later this evening. programa de debate
comedy /ˈkɒmədi/ noun The new channel will bring you the best in drama, comedia
music, and comedy.
25
confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adjective I’m still a little confused about what happened confundido
when my friends had an argument.
confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adjective Some of the questions he asked were very confuso
confusing; I didn’t understand them well.
consequences /ˈkɒnsɪkwənsiz/ noun We have to consider the consequences of our consecuencia

actions.
contestant /kənˈtestənt/ noun There were many contestants for the talent show. participante
crime series /kraɪm ˈsɪəriːz/ noun Tonight’s programme is the second in a three-part serie sobre crímenes
crime series set in Chicago.
depressed /dɪˈprest/ adjective He became very depressed when he lost his job. deprimido
depressing /dɪˈpresɪŋ/ adjective I don’t watch the news because I find it too deprimente
depressing.
disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adjective I feel very disappointed at not getting better marks decepcionada
in the exam.
disappointing /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/ adjective This year’s sales figures were very disappointing. decepcionante
documentary /ˌdɒkjʊˈment(ə)ri/ noun I’m going to watch a documentary on the history of documental
Italian football.
drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ noun She likes watching medical drama series. drama
dull /dʌl/ adjective Life in a small village can be a bit dull, as there’s not aburrido
much entertainment.
26
edit /ˈedɪt/ verb Her original text has been heavily edited. editar
embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adjective I felt so embarrassed about my mistake. avergonzada
embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adjective I found the whole situation embarrassing. vergonzoso
entertaining /ˌentə(r)ˈteɪnɪŋ/ adjective The TV channel produces entertaining entretenido

programmes.
episode /ˈepɪsəʊd/ noun The final episode of the series was a real episodio
disappointment.
fantasy series /ˈfæntəsi ˈsɪəriːz/ noun This fantasy series is full of weird creatures. serie fantástica
fascinated /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪd/ verb Volcanoes can be very dangerous when they erupt fascinar
near where people live.
fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ adjective New technology is fascinating; it really helps people fascinante
do so much more.
film /fɪlm/ noun The new James Bond film is even more action película
packed than normally.
food programme /fuːd ˈprəʊɡræm/ noun The popular chef presents a food programme programa de cocina
on Radio 4.
frightened /ˈfraɪt(ə)nd/ adjective The cat looked cold and frightened. asustado
frightening /ˈfraɪt(ə)nɪŋ/ adjective It was supposed to be a horror film, but it wasn’t dar miedo
very frightening.
27
funny /ˈfʌni/ adjective This is such a funny programme! I can’t stop divertido
laughing!
game show /ˈgeɪm ˌʃəʊ/ noun I have applied to go on the new game show. concurso
gripped /ɡrɪpd/ verb A feeling of fear gripped the crowd. apoderarse (figurativo)
gripping /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ adjective I loved that book – the story was gripping right up enganchar
to the end.
in spite of /ɪn spaɪt ɒv/ phrase In spite of feeling tired, we decided to go out. a pesar de
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ noun Picasso had a big influence on art in the 20th influencia
century.
informative /ɪnˈfɔː(r)mətɪv/ adjective The documentary on fast food was informativo

both entertaining and informative.
inspired /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)d/ adjective The actor gave an inspired performance; he was acertado
very good.
inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adjective Her story of how she overcame her disability was inspirador
very inspiring.
judges /dʒʌdʒs/ noun All entries will be judged by a team of judges. juez
justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ verb You must give reasons to justify your decision. justificar
manipulation /məˌnɪpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ noun Some people try manipulation of others to get manipulación
what they want.
28
mobile device /ˈməʊbaɪl dɪˈvaɪs/ noun Mobile devices make it easy to connect with dispositivo móvil
people all around the world.
moved /ˈmuːvd/ verb She was so moved by the sad story that she cried. conmovida
moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ adjective His letter was deeply moving; it made me very sad. conmovedora
ordinary /ˈɔː(r)d(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjective It was just an ordinary Saturday morning. normal
original /əˈrɪdʒ(ə)nəl/ adjective I prefer watching films in their original language. original
producers /prəˈdjuːsə(r)s/ noun The producer of the film did a great job to make productor
the production go so well.
reality show /riˈæləti ˌʃəʊ/ noun Have you seen that new reality show set in the reality show
rainforest?
relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ adjective Bill came back from his holiday looking relajado
very relaxed.
relaxing /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/ adjective I had a very difficult day at work; I’m looking relajante
forward to a long, relaxing bath.
scary /ˈskeəri/ adjective He told us a terribly scary story before bed time de miedo
and we couldn’t sleep!
science-fiction /ˈsaɪəns-ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n noun This new science-fiction series takes place in serie de ciencia ficción
series ˈsɪəriːz/ another galaxy far away.
screen /skriːn/ noun Our television has a very small screen. pantalla
29
season /ˈsiːz(ə)n/ noun I’m so excited that there’s a new season of my temporada
favourite TV series coming out soon!
serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adjective This is a serious matter and you should be more serio
worried about it.
skills /skɪlz/ noun The businesswoman has many skills, including the habilidad
ability to manage a team of employees.
spoiler /ˈspɔɪlə(r)/ noun The review contained spoilers about the ending of spoiler
the film – it is so annoying!
sports programme /ˈspɔː(r)ts ˌprəʊgræm/ noun There’s a sports programme on the other channel. programa deportivo
streaming service /ˈstriːmɪŋ ˈsɜː(r)vɪs/ noun My friends and I are using a streaming service to servicio de streaming
watch the new movie this evening.
surprised /sə(r)ˈpraɪzd/ adjective I’ll be surprised if he gets here on time as he usually sorprendida
arrives a bit late.
surprising /sə(r)ˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adjective Going shopping with a baby requires a surprising sorprendente
amount of energy!
survey /ˈsɜː(r)veɪ/ noun This survey shows the percentage of single- encuesta
parent families in each area.
talent show /ˈtælənt ʃəʊ/ noun We’re helping to organise the school talent show. concurso de talento
the news /ðiː ˈnjuːz/ noun I prefer to listen to the news in the morning rather las noticias
than in the evening.
30
tired /ˈtaɪə(r)d/ adjective He felt too tired to drive home so he took a taxi cansado
instead.
tiring /ˈtaɪərɪŋ/ adjective Looking after small children can be very tiring. agotador
viewer /ˈvjuːə(r)/ noun The show was very successful and it attracted over televidente
28 million viewers.
violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adjective There seems to be less violent crime these days. violento
UNIT 6
SPEECH
according to /əˈkɔː(r)dɪŋ ˌtuː/ preposition According to medical doctors, more and more Según
people are getting diabetes.
affect /əˈfekt/ verb Bad eating habits can affect your health and cause afectar
problems.
amount /əˈmaʊnt/ noun A computer can store a huge amount cantidad

of information.
at least /æt liːst/ phrase You should study for at least two extra hours every como mínimo
day to do really well in the exam.
average /ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ/ noun Her score on the test was below average. media
beach /biːtʃ/ noun I like the kind of holiday where I can sit on the playa
beach for a week and do nothing.
31
carbon emissions /ˌkɑː(r)bən ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)ns/ phrase The carbon emissions from old cars are worse than emisiones de carbono
from new cars.
cave /keɪv/ noun The hikers explored the caves they came across in cueva
the mountains.
cliff /klɪf/ noun She was quite scared to walk to the edge of the acantilado
cliff.
climate change /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ noun Climate change is causing the ice caps to melt. cambio climático
coast /kəʊst/ noun We had a nice day sailing around the coast. costa
coastal /ˈkəʊst(ə)l/ adjective Brighton is a beautiful coastal town in the UK. costero
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ verb The new light bulbs consume less electricity. consumir
desert /ˈdezə(r)t/ noun There is very little water in the desert, so hardly postre
any plants can grow there.
drought /draʊt/ noun The area has been experiencing a drought for sequía
years.
environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ noun The natural environment includes the land, water, medio ambiente
air, plants, and animals.
expands /ɪkˈspænds/ verb The water froze inside the pipe, causing it to expandir
expand and burst.
face /feɪs/ verb The two men faced each other across the table. estar delante de otra
persona
32
fake /feɪk/ adjective Social media has made it possible for a lot of fake falsa
news, which many people believe to be true.
floating /ˈfləʊtɪŋ/ adjective Floating homes on canals are common in the flotante
Netherlands.
flood /flʌd/ noun The southwest of the country has been badly hit by inundación
floods.
forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ noun My aunt loves to walk in the forest at sunrise. bosque
fossil fuels /ˈfɒsəl ˌfjuːəls/ noun The use of fossil fuels as petrol and diesel causes a combustible fósil
lot of air pollution.
glacier /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ noun Glaciers in the Alps are melting at a very fast rate. glaciar
global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/ adjective The global problem of pollution affects the whole global
world.
global warming /ˌgləʊb(ə)l ˈwɔː(r)mɪŋ/ noun The evidence for global warming is clear. calentamiento global
greenhouses /ˈɡriːnˌhaʊsz/ noun The farmers grow their vegetables in greenhouses invernadero
to protect them from bad weather.
hill /hɪl/ noun The village is built on a steep hill. colina
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ noun The weather had a great impact on our plans for impacto
the holiday; we had to change all our plans.
island /ˈaɪlənd/ noun We did a lot of fun activities on our island holiday. isla
jungle /ˈdʒʌŋg(ə)l/ noun We had to cut our way through dense jungle. jungla
33
lake /leɪk/ noun There were some children swimming in the lake. lago
melting ice caps /ˈmeltɪŋ ˈaɪs ˌkæps/ noun Rapidly melting ice caps can cause sea levels to rise deshielo de los
and flood lower parts of land. casquetes polares
mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ noun They went hiking in the mountains for their montaña
summer holiday.
mountain range /ˈmaʊntɪn ˌreɪndʒ/ noun The Andes is a large mountain range in South cordillera
America.
move away /muːv əˈweɪ/ phrasal They’ve moved away to the countryside to get mudarse
verb away from the city life.
ocean /ˈəʊʃ(ə)n/ noun There are still unknown creatures living in the océano
depths of the oceans.
outdoors /ˌaʊtˈdɔː(r)z/ adverb I don’t want to be in the house anymore – let’s go aire libre
do something exciting outdoors.
(air/sea) pollution (/eə(r)/) /pəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ noun Air pollution is killing animals. contaminación
(/siː/) /pəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ (aérea/marítima)
pollution /pəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ noun Pollution on land is caused by too much waste. contaminación
rainforest /ˈreɪnˌfɒrɪst/ noun Many animals in the rainforests are in danger of bosque pluvial
dying out.
recycle /riːˈsaɪk(ə)l/ verb Japan recycles 40% of its waste. reciclar
(non-)renewable (/nɒn/) /rɪˈnjuːəb(ə)l noun More and more people are using energía (no)renovable
energy ˈenə(r)dʒi/ renewable energy sources these days.
34
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ verb Try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet, as it is reducir
very unhealthy.
reuse /riːˈjuːz/ verb We can reuse plastic containers for different reutilizar
purposes.
river /ˈrɪvə(r)/ noun The river flooded with all the heavy rains. río
save /seɪv/ verb There are many things you can do to save energy at ahorrar
home.
sea /siː/ noun Their hotel room had a lovely view of the sea. mar
sea level rise /siː ˈlev(ə)l raɪz/ noun The amount of sea level rise caused by melting ice subida del nivel del mar
caps has increased dramatically in recent years.
statistics /stəˈtɪstɪk/ noun Statistics show that the economy is improving. estadística
stream /striːm/ noun The path runs alongside a stream. arroyo
throw away /θrəʊ əˈweɪ/ phrasal Have you thrown away all the rubbish? tirar
verb
toxic waste /ˈtɒksɪk weɪst/ noun Toxic waste from factories causes a lot of water residuos tóxicos
pollution.
valley /ˈvæli/ noun Their house has wonderful views across the valley. valle
waste /weɪst/ verb You waste a lot of water by having a bath instead malgastar
of a shower.
35
waterfall /ˈwɔːtə(r)ˌfɔːl/ noun Angel Falls in Venezuela is the tallest waterfall in cascada
the world.
UNIT 7
SPEECH
abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ adverb They left the country and have been living abroad extranjero
for five years now.
ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ adjective She was very ambitious and worked hard to reach ambiciosa
her goals.
architect /ˈɑː(r)kɪˌtekt/ noun The Spanish architect Gaudi designed some of the arquitecto
world’s most interesting buildings.
au pair /ˌəʊ ˈpeə(r)/ noun Sandy spent a year working as an au pair in au pair
Switzerland, where she lived with a family and
helped with the children and housework.
awards /əˈwɔː(r)dz/ noun She won the Photographer of the Year award. premio
badly-behaved /ˈbædli-bɪˈheɪvd/ phrase The badly-behaved children had to do extra chores. maleducado
badly-paid /ˌbædli-ˈpeɪd/ adjective He has been stuck in this badly-paid job for years; mal remunerado
he’s very unhappy.
blue/brown/green- /ˈbluː-ˌaɪd/ adjective Simon, the green-eyed boy, has won the race. ojos
eyed /braʊn-ˌaɪd/ azules/marrones/verdes
/ɡriːn-ˌaɪd/
36
bright /braɪt/ adjective Tony is a very bright person – he usually has the brillante
best ideas.
calm /kɑːm/ adjective The rescue workers told us to stay calm, as help tranquilo
was on the way.
caring /ˈkeərɪŋ/ adjective Ben is a caring person who volunteers to help bondadosa
rescue animals.
chef /ʃef/ noun She’s one of the top chefs in Britain – the food she chef
prepares is absolutely delicious!
clever /ˈklevə(r)/ adjective She came up with a clever solution to the problem. inteligente
company director /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni noun As the financial company director, Taylor is director de una empresa
dəˈrektə(r)/ responsible for managing the company’s money
well.
confident /ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)nt/ adjective I feel confident about the exam because I have seguro
studied really hard.
construction /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n noun Ray is a construction worker at a big building obrero de la

worker ˈwɜː(r)kə(r)/ company. construcción
contracted /kənˈtræktd/ verb The company was contracted to build 25 low- contratada
cost homes.
creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/ adjective The composer Mozart was a creative genius. creativo
customers /ˈkʌstəmə(r)s/ noun The shop’s customers bought all the clothes that cliente
were on sale.
37
delivering /dɪˈlɪvə(r)iŋ/ verb The drivers are delivering packages to people’s entregar
homes.
determined /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪnd/ adjective Jack was determined to be a successful musician. determinado
earn /ɜː(r)n/ verb She doesn’t earn much money, but ganar
she enjoys her work.
easy-going /ˌiːzi-ˈgəʊɪŋ/ adjective Joe is very easy-going and laid-back; he doesn’t agradable
worry about stuff a lot.
economist /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ noun The economist said that the price of petrol would economista
rise in the near future.
essential /ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adjective Sunlight is essential to life on Earth – we cannot esencial

survive without it.
fashion designer /ˈfæʃ(ə)n dɪˌzaɪnə(r)/ noun Fashion designers are very creative people. diseñadora de moda
figures /ˈfɪɡə(r)z/ noun This year’s sales figures were excellent. cifra
finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ noun Students should be taught how finanzas

to manage their personal finances.
firefighter /ˈfaɪə(r)ˌfaɪtə(r)/ noun The firefighter rescued the dog from the burning bombera
house.
fit /fɪt/ adjective She likes to keep fit by running and swimming en forma
regularly.
flexible /ˈfleksəb(ə)l/ adjective The job offers flexible working hours. flexible
38
forward-thinking /ˈfɔː(r)wə(r)d/-ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ adjective Most forward-thinking schools already use new de mente abierta
technology.
friendly /ˈfren(d)li/ adjective The elderly man was quite annoyed and not very amigable
friendly when she asked him for advice.
full-time /ˈfʊl-ˌtaɪm/ adjective It is difficult to study when you have a full-time job. a tiempo completo
good-looking /ˌgʊd-ˈlʊkɪŋ/ adjective The new student is good-looking because of his atractivo
thick, blonde hair.
hard-working /ˌhɑː(r)d-ˈwɜː(r)kɪŋ/ adjective She is hard-working and reliable. trabajadora
journalist /ˈdʒɜː(r)nəlɪst/ noun The journalist wrote an article on ways to protect periodista
our wildlife.
lawyer /ˈlɔːjə(r)/ noun The estate agent offered her good advice when she abogado
wanted to buy a house.
left-handed /ˌleft-ˈhændɪd/ noun My mum’s left-handed, but uses a pair of scissors zurdo
made for right-handed people.
long-haired /lɒŋ-heə(r)d/ adjective We have a long-haired dog. de pelo largo
luck /lʌk/ noun You will need good luck to win that competition! suerte
manual work /ˈmænjʊəl wɜː(r)k/ noun The plumber’s job is mostly manual work. trabajo manual
mechanic /mɪˈkænɪk/ noun The mechanic is fixing the car’s engine. mecánico
newspaper /ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə(r)/ noun We still like to read the daily print newspaper and periódico
do the crosswords.
39
nurse /nɜː(r)s/ noun Alan works as a nurse in a psychiatric hospital. enfermero
obligatory /əˈblɪɡət(ə)ri/ adjective The entry fee is obligatory, so you must pay it. obligatoria
outdoors /ˌaʊtˈdɔː(r)z/ adverb They enjoy the outdoors and fresh air when they aire libre
get away from the city.
overcoming /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈkʌm phrasal verb Jimmy overcame adversity to graduate with a first- superar una adversidad
adversity ədˈvɜː(r)səti/ class degree.
overtime /ˈəʊvə(r)ˌtaɪm/ noun I have been working a lot of overtime lately. hora extra
paperwork /ˈpeɪpə(r)ˌwɜː(r)k/ noun The new system is designed to reduce the amount documentación
of paperwork we have to do.
part-time /ˈpɑː(r)t-ˌtaɪm/ adjective He wants to find a part-time job to earn some more media jornada
money while he is studying.
patient /ˈpeɪʃ(ə)nt/ adjective It’s difficult to be patient when you’re stuck in a paciente
traffic jam, especially when you’re in a hurry to get
somewhere.
penniless /ˈpenɪləs/ adjective My parents arrived in the country as sin dinero

penniless immigrants and they now own three
shops.
photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ noun The underwater photographer won an award for fotógrafo
his excellent photographs.
plumber /ˈplʌmə(r)/ noun The water pipe just burst! Call the plumber! fontanero
police officer /pəˈliːs ˌɒfɪsə(r)/ noun Billy wants to become a police officer. oficial de policía
40
privileged /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/ adjective Cynthia had a very privileged childhood as the only privilegiada
child of wealthy parents.
profession /prəˈfeʃ(ə)n/ noun A doctor is a member of the medical profession. profesión
receptionist /rɪˈsepʃ(ə)nɪst/ noun She left a message with the receptionist. recepcionista
reliable /rɪˈlaɪəb(ə)l/ adjective Alice can look after the children as she’s very fiable
reliable.
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l/ adjective She may be only 14, but she’s very responsible and responsable
can be trusted to look after the pets.
retail /ˈriːteɪl/ noun There are good opportunities in retail venta al por menor
for young people who just start out on their
careers.
right-handed /ˌraɪt-ˈhændɪd/ noun Most people are right-handed and do most things diestra
easier with their right hand.
salary /ˈsæləri/ noun She earns a very good salary and can afford to buy sueldo
some luxuries.
sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ adjective He’s very sensitive, so I suggest you don’t tease sensible
him.
shop assistant /ˈʃɒp əˌsɪst(ə)nt/ noun That shop assistant was very patient with the dependiente
annoying customer.
short-haired /ʃɔː(r)t-heə(r)d/ adjective That short-haired terrier is a very cute dog. cabello corto
41
sociable /ˈsəʊʃəb(ə)l/ adjective I’m not feeling very sociable today, so I’d rather not sociable
go out tonight.
strong /strɒŋ/ adjective Are you sure you are strong enough to carry that fuerte
heavy box?
teamwork /ˈtiːmˌwɜː(r)k/ noun Teamwork is an efficient way of getting a task trabajo en equipo
done.
the public /ði ˈpʌblɪk/ noun The regulations should be written in plain English público
so that the public understands.
vet /vet/ noun Denise loves working with animals; she had wanted veterinaria
to be a vet since she was very young.
well-behaved /ˌwel-bɪˈheɪvd/ adjective The well-behaved child impressed the people at educado
the wedding.
well-known /ˌwel-ˈnəʊn/ adjective She is already a well-known writer, and might even conocido
become famous.
well-off /ˌwel-ˈɒf/ adjective She came from a well-off family, but preferred to pudiente
earn her own money.
well-organised /ˌwel-ˈɔː(r)gənaɪzd/ adjective The job requires you to be very well-organised. organizado
well-paid /ˌwel-ˈpeɪd/ adjective Charlie is a well-paid company driver. bien remunerado
(18)-year-old (/ˌeɪˈtiːn/)-/jɪə(r)- phrase Anne and Patrick have two children – a three-year- de (18) años
əʊld/ old and a five-year-old.
42
UNIT 8
SPEECH
afraid /əˈfreɪd/ adjective He’s afraid of the dark. tener miedo
anger /ˈæŋgə(r)/ noun Anger is a powerful emotion. enfado
angry /ˈæŋgri/ adjective He is very angry about the way he’s been treated. enfadado
awareness /əˈweə(r)nəs/ noun There was a general lack of awareness concienciación

about safety issues.
begged /beɡd/ verb The poor woman begged for money to feed her suplicar
children.
bored /bɔː(r)d/ adjective Steve was getting bored with the game and aburrido
suggested we do something else.
boredom /ˈbɔː(r)dəm/ noun Activities such as games aburrimiento

can help to relieve boredom.
brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ noun Click here to adjust the brightness of the screen. brillo
buddy /ˈbʌdi/ noun John has been my buddy for many years and we colega
will always remain friends.
circle of friends /ˌsɜː(r)k(ə)l əv phrase She has a wide circle of friends. círculo de amigos
ˈfrendz/
43
citizenship /ˈsɪtɪz(ə)nʃɪp/ noun I’m applying for Canadian citizenship to join my ciudadanía
family there.
classmate /ˈklɑːsˌmeɪt/ noun He and his classmates worked together on the compañero de clase
project.
close /kləʊz/ adjective Her family members are close and they do a lot of cercano
activities together.
companion /kəmˈpænjən/ noun My new dog soon became my constant companion. compañero
competitors /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)z/ noun There are many competitors taking part in the competidor
contest.
confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adjective I’m still a little confused about what happened the confundido
other day; I don’t understand it.
confusion /kənˈfjuːʒ(ə)n/ noun There seems to be some confusion about who confusión
actually won.
cub /kʌb/ noun The female lion gave birth to four cubs. cachorro de león
darkness /ˈdɑː(r)knəs/ noun The power station was shut down and the oscuridad
whole city was plunged into darkness.
delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ noun You’re so organised – it’s always a delight to work encanto
with you.
delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adjective I was delighted to see my old friends again. encantada
disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd adjective Obviously, I feel very disappointed at decepcionada

not getting the job.
44
disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ noun The band cancelled the concert, to decepción
the great disappointment of their fans.
divided opinions /dɪˈvaɪdɪd əˈpɪnjəns/ noun Despite our divided opinion on the issue, opiniones divididas
we remained good friends.
embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adjective I have never felt so embarrassed in my entire life. avergonzada
embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ noun Her embarrassment showed when she made a vergüenza
mistake.
empathy /ˈempəθi/ noun She has empathy for homeless people because she empatía
also once lived on the street.
event /ɪˈvent/ noun We will all attend the special fundraising event to evento
raise money for the team.
excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adjective I was so excited, I couldn’t sleep. emocionada
excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ noun The long wait only added to our excitement. emoción
experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ noun We have to do an experiment to see if the experimento

medicine is effective.
experts /ˈekspɜː(r)ts/ noun Experts have special skills and knowledge in a experto
particular field.
fall out (with) /ˌfɔːl ˈaʊt/ phrasal I’d fallen out with my friend after we had a big enemistarse (con)
verb disagreement.
fear /fɪə(r)/ noun The deep-sea diver knew the rescue dive was miedo
dangerous, but he felt no fear.
45
freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ noun She enjoys the freedom of working on her own. libertad
friendship /ˈfren(d)ʃɪp/ noun Some old friends of mine met up to talk about our amistad
old friendships.
get on well (with) /ˌget ɒn ˈwel/ phrase I get on well with all of my classmates. llevarse bien (con
alguien)
hang out (with) /ˌhæŋ ˈaʊt/ phrasal Marc always hangs out with his best friends. quedar (con)
verb
happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ noun Her job as volunteer at the animal shelter brings felicidad
her great happiness.
happy /ˈhæpi/ adjective The children seem very happy at school. feliz
have arguments /ˌhæv ˈɑː(r)gjʊməntz/ phrase I have arguments with my parents about discutir (con)
(with) everything these days!
have in common /ˌhæv ɪn ˈkɒmən/ phrasal What do they have in common with each other to tener en común (con)
(with) verb make them such good friends?
hesitated /ˈhezɪteɪtd/ verb He hesitated a moment, and then knocked on dudar

the door.
humans /ˈhjuːməns/ noun Humans are making the greatest damage to our humano
planet today.
inanimate /ɪnˈænɪmət/ adjective Start practising photographing inanimado

inanimate objects and move on to living things
later.
46
kindness /ˈkaɪn(d)nəs/ noun I’ll never forget the kindness of the nursing staff bondad
when my dad was ill in hospital.
kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ noun She was queen of an ancient kingdom in Egypt. reino
leadership /ˈliːdə(r)ʃɪp/ noun The club’s new president is doing things right liderazgo
and showing good leadership.
loneliness /ˈləʊnlinəs/ noun Loneliness is described as ‘a disease of our time’. soledad
lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adjective He is quite lonely now that his family has moved to solo
Scotland and he cannot see them often anymore.
madness /ˈmædnəs/ noun It would be madness to throw away your successful locura
career in the city to go live on a farm.
make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ phrasal He made up some excuse about inventarse

verb the dog eating his homework.
membership /ˈmembə(r)ʃɪp/ noun The football club hopes to double their suscriptor
membership this year.
modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ verb I need to modify the design and add another modificar
window.
partnership /ˈpɑː(r)tnə(r)ʃɪp/ noun She’s gone into partnership with someone she asociación
used to work with.
pride /praɪd/ noun You could see the pride in their faces when they orgullo
talked about their daughter’s acting career.
47
proud /praʊd/ adjective The country has a proud record of reducing orgulloso
pollution.
relationship /rɪˈleɪʃ(ə)nʃɪp/ noun Do you and your siblings have a good relationship? relación
relief /rɪˈliːf/ noun It’s a huge relief to know that everyone is safe. alivio
relieved /rɪˈliːvd/ adjective I was very relieved when I heard the good news. aliviado
rivals /ˈraɪv(ə)lz/ noun The soccer team has many rivals who want to win rival
the championship.
robot /ˈrəʊbɒt/ noun A robot is a machine that can do many tasks that robot
humans used to do before.
sad /sæd/ adjective Reading her letter made us all feel a little sad. triste
sadness /ˈsædnəs/ noun Joan’s childhood was filled with pain and sadness. tristeza
see eye to eye /siː ˌaɪ tuː ˈaɪ/ phrase I don’t see eye to eye with my cousin on many pensar igual
(with) issues.
shake /ʃeɪk/ verb She was shaking with fear when she saw the snake. temblar
stardom /ˈstɑː(r)dəm/ noun He’s very talented and seems destined for estrellato
stardom.
surroundings /səˈraʊndɪŋz/ noun Our new surroundings are a lot more comfortable entorno
than we expected.
48
through thick and /θruː θɪk ænd θɪn/ phrasal Our team has been through thick and thin, and are en lo bueno y en lo malo
thin verb now stronger and more united than we were
before.
ups and downs /ʌp ænd daʊns/ noun The company has had its share of ups and downs, altibajos
but it seems to be doing well now.
upset /ʌpˈset/ adjective She felt very upset that she could not go out with triste
us.
weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ noun The debilidad

company listed the strengths and weaknesses of
their product.
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ noun The leader was praised for his courage and sabiduría
wisdom.
UNIT 9
SPEECH
adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ noun The television adaptation of the stage play was adaptación
very successful.
autobiography /ˌɔːtəʊbaɪˈɒgrəfi/ noun The TV star’s autobiography was number one in autobiografía
the sales charts.
award /əˈwɔː(r)d/ noun He won the Writer of the Year award. premio
49
bestseller /ˌbest ˈselə(r)/ noun Her first novel was on the bestseller list for ten bestseller
weeks.
biography /baɪˈɒgrəfi/ noun It’s the best biography of his life I have ever read. biografía
blog /blɒɡ/ noun I enjoy reading travel blogs and finding out more blog
about interesting destinations.
character /ˈkærɪktə(r)/ noun The main character in the story is an elderly man personaje
who thinks back about his life.
comic /ˈkɒmɪk/ noun She has been collecting comics since she was ten. cómic
cookbook /ˈkʊkˌbʊk/ noun I’m trying out a recipe from a new cookbook libro de cocina
tonight.
cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ noun The author’s name appears on the book’s cover. portada
crime fiction /ˈkraɪm ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n/ noun My mother-in-law reads lots of crime fiction, as she ficción sobre crímenes
enjoys the interesting stories.
cross out /ˌkrɒs ˈaʊt/ phrasal Cross out the wrong words and write them again – tachar
verb this time correct.
detective fiction /dɪˈtektɪv ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n/ noun My dad reads lots of detective fiction, as he enjoys ficción sobre detectives
the clever stories.
digitally /ˈdɪdʒɪt(ə)l/ adjective The artist works only digitally and uses special digitalmente
software to draw illustrations.
encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ verb Mum always encouraged us animar

to discuss our problems.
50
encyclopaedia /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/ noun He checked the symptoms of the illness in an enciclopedia
online health encyclopaedia.
ending /ˈendɪŋ/ noun The ending of the film was a real surprise. final
exposing herself to /ɪkˈspəʊzɪŋ hə(r)ˈself phrase She was exposing herself to lots of new fiction to exponerse a algo
tuː/ improve her writing.
facts /fækts/ noun You must use scientific facts and not just opinions hechos
to support your argument.
fairy tale /ˈfeəri ˌteɪl/ noun I used to love the magic of fairy tales when I was cuento de hadas
young.
fantasy /ˈfæntəsi/ noun She writes fantasy novels for young adult readers. fantasía
fiction /ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n/ noun This story is just fiction – it never really happened. ficción
fill in /fɪl ˈɪn/ phrasal Please fill in your name and address in the space rellenar
verb provided.
flick through /flɪk ˈθruː/ phrasal She flicked through the TV channels, but found hacer zapping
verb nothing interesting to watch.
graphic novel /ˌgræfɪk ˈnɒv(ə)l/ noun She loves reading graphic novels. novela gráfica
guidebook /ˈgaɪdˌbʊk/ noun We need to buy a guidebook before our holiday in guía
Iceland.
historical fiction /hɪˌstɒrɪk(ə)l noun I don’t enjoy reading historical fiction, as I cannot ficción histórica
ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n/ understand those different times.
51
horror /ˈhɒrə(r)/ noun Horror movies give me bad dreams. horror
interview /ˈɪntə(r)ˌvjuː/ noun The famous actress answered questions about her entrevista
life during an interview with a reporter.
invent /ɪnˈvent/ verb Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. inventar
look over /lʊk ˈəʊvə(r)/ phrasal He’d been looking over ojear
verb the leaflets he’d picked up earlier.
magazine /ˌmægəˈziːn/ noun She wanted to find inspiration for an evening dress revista
in a fashion magazine.
main character /meɪn ˈkærɪktə(r)/ noun The film’s main character is played by Lily James. personaje principal
make up /meɪk ʌp/ phrasal They made up a little poem and wrote it in the inventarse
verb card.
manual /ˈmænjʊəl/ noun Tom read the instruction manual before using the manual
new coffee machine.
masterpiece /ˈmɑːstə(r)ˌpiːs/ noun Vertigo is the film widely regarded as director obra maestra
Alfred Hitchcock’s masterpiece.
mystery /ˈmɪst(ə)ri/ noun I like reading of a good mystery novel. misterio
newspaper /ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə(r)/ noun Katy was reading the newspaper in the library. periódico
novel /ˈnɒv(ə)l/ noun The novels of Jane Austen are still popular today, novela
and many are made into films as well.
52
novelist /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ noun My friend is a famous novelist who has published novelista
five books already.
platforms /ˈplætˌfɔː(r)ms/ noun The train to Brussels will depart from Platform 3. andén
play /pleɪ/ noun Have you seen the latest play of the up-and-coming obra
young playwright?
plot /plɒt/ noun The plot of the crime novel kept her interest up till argumento
the last page.
poetry /ˈpəʊɪtri/ noun Most people don’t know that Shakespeare wrote a poesía
lot of poetry as well.
publishers /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)s/ noun My father was the editor and publisher of a small- editor
town newspaper.
read on /riːd ˈɒn/ phrasal I want to read on to find out how the story ends. seguir leyendo
verb
read out /riːd ˈaʊt/ phrasal He read out the list of names of students who got leer en voz alta
verb awards.
reviews /rɪˈvjuːz/ noun The book had excellent reviews, so I think I will reseña
read it.
romance /rəʊˈmæns/ noun She writes romance stories for a weekly magazine. romance
scheme /skiːm/ noun The proposed scheme is a good idea – it will keep programa
the reader’s interest.
science fiction /ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n/ noun Frankenstein is world-famous science fiction. ciencia ficción
53
scroll down /skrəʊl daʊn/ phrasal Scroll down to get to the price of the course. desplazarse hacia abajo
verb
scroll up /skrəʊl ʌp/ phrasal Scroll up to find all the details. desplazarse hacia arriba
verb
short story /ʃɔː(r)t ˈstɔːri/ noun She prefers reading short stories, as she does not relato corto
have much time for reading.
spy fiction /spaɪ ˈfɪkʃ(ə)n/ noun My mum reads lots of spy fiction, as she enjoys the ficción sobre espías
drama of it.
stickers /ˈstɪkə(r)z/ noun He has a funny bumper sticker on the back of his pegatina
car.
style /staɪl/ noun Sylvia’s writing style is suited to fantasy novels. estilo
textbook /ˈteks(t)ˌbʊk/ noun I need my history textbook to study for the exam. libro de texto
theme /θiːm/ noun Love and honour are the main themes of the book. tema
thriller /ˈθrɪlə(r)/ noun I read a medical thriller that kept me on the edge thriller
of my seat.
to be set /tuː biː set/ phrasal The film is to be set in 18th century England. estar ambientada
verb
to take place in / tuː teɪk pleɪs ɪn/ phrasal The film is to take place in a haunted house. tener lugar en
verb
Tube /tjuːb/ noun What time’s the last Tube today? metro
54
turn over /ˌtɜː(r)n ˈəʊvə(r)/ phrasal You may turn over your exam papers now. girar
verb
twist /twɪst/ noun The novel had a tragic twist right at the end. giro
variety /vəˈraɪəti/ noun My doctor thinks I need a bit more variety in my variedad
diet.
write down /raɪt daʊn/ phrasal Write down seven words that describe how escribir
verb you feel.
YA (young adult) /waɪ eɪ/ (/jʌŋ ˈædʌlt/) adjective YA (young adult) novels have themes that interest joven adulto
young people.
UNIT 10
SPEECH
account /əˌkaʊnt/ noun I have a few different email accounts. cuenta
address /əˌdres/ noun Are you sure that’s the right email address? dirección
antivirus software /ˈæntiˌvaɪrəs noun The company installed antivirus software on all software antivirus
ˈsɒf(t)ˌweə(r)/ their computers to prevent damage to their data.
attach /əˈtætʃ/ verb I attached a recent photograph of my children adjuntar

when I emailed my aunt.
attachment /əˈtætʃmənt/ noun The attachment will give you more information on adjunto
the project.
55
available /əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ adjective We’ll notify you as soon as tickets become disponible
available.
back up /ˈbæk ʌp/ phrasal She made a note to remind herself to back up her hacer una copia de
verb documents to a flash drive. seguridad
backup /ˈbækʌp/ noun He luckily had a backup of all his documents when copia de seguridad
he lost everything on his computer.
blackout /ˈblækaʊt/ noun There was a blackout and the electricity supply corte eléctrico
stopped and all the lights went put.
bounce (back) /ˌbaʊns/ (/ˈbæk/) phrasal The email I sent bounced back. ser devuelto
verb
browser /ˈbraʊzə(r)/ noun Have you updated your browser software lately? navegador
celebrate /ˈseləˌbreɪt/ verb Let’s have a party to celebrate your birthday. celebrar
Check email /ˌtʃek ˈiːmeɪl/ phrase I check my email every hour most days. revisar correo
copy and paste /ˈkɒpi æn(d) ˈpeɪst/ phrasal Copy and paste the text into a new document. copiar y pegar
verb
crash /kræʃ/ verb Her PC’s hard drive crashed and damaged all her dejar de funcionar
files.
create /kriˈeɪt/ verb How do I create a new file? crear
cut /ˌkʌt/ verb Cut three lines to make the letter shorter to fit on cortar
one page.
56
delete /dɪˈliːt/ verb I really need to delete some emails from my inbox. borrar
desktop /ˈdeskˌtɒp/ noun His computer desktop was cluttered with loads of sobremesa
files.
download /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ noun The download of the free software failed. descarga
download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ verb You can download this software for free. descargar
flash drive /ˈflæʃˌ draɪv/ noun I always copy important information onto my flash pendrive
drive.
forward /ˌfɔː(r)wə(r)d/ phrase Can you forward the email to me? reenviar
guide /ɡaɪd/ noun The guide gives detailed information about how to guía
use a computer.
(external) hard (/ɪkˈstɜː(r)n(ə)l/) noun Your external hard drive is full. disco duro (externo)
drive /ˈhɑː(r)d ˌdraɪv/
headphones (/ˈhedˌfəʊnz/ noun They use headphones to listen to the correct auriculares
pronunciation.
headset /ˈhedˌset/ noun Each computer in the language lab has a headset. auriculares
inbox /ˈɪnˌbɒks/ noun Please check your inbox to see if the emails have bandeja de entrada
arrived.
install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ verb It’s important to install an antivirus software on instalar

your computer.
57
interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃ(ə)n/ noun I enjoy the interaction between the different interacción
characters in the story.
jammers /ˈdʒæmə(r)z/ noun The company uses a phone jammer jammer

to prevent the leaking of sensitive information that
can be sent using a phone camera or phone.
junk /dʒʌŋk/ noun I get too much junk mail in my junk email folder. basura
keyboard /ˈkiːˌbɔː(r)d/ noun Options can be selected by using the mouse or the teclado
keyboard.
laptop /ˈlæpˌtɒp/ noun Having a laptop makes it possible to work ordenador portátil
anywhere.
lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ noun During the storm, the lightning and thunder kept rayo
me awake all night.
log in /ˌlɒɡ ɪn/ phrasal Log in with the new password. iniciar sesión
verb
login /ˈlɒɡɪn/ noun His last login to the shared computer was on inicio de sesión
Friday, 16 March 2021.
microphone /ˈmaɪkrəˌfəʊn/) noun A microphone is a piece of equipment for making micrófono

someone’s voice louder.
monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ noun The instructions are displayed on a monitor. monitor
mouse /maʊs/ noun Move your mouse over the lines you want to ratón
select.
58
open /ˈəʊpən/ verb Please open the document on your computer so abrir
that we can look at it together.
primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adjective That computer is so primitive, it should be in a anticuado

museum!
printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ noun I’m looking for a new wireless printer for my office. impresora
produced /prəˈdjuːst/ verb The factory produced thousands of new computers fabricar
last year.
queries /ˈkwɪəriz/ noun One of our staff will pregunta

be available to answer your queries.
reply to /rɪˌplaɪ tuː/ phrase I must reply to that urgent email. responder
restart /ˌriːˈstɑː(r)t/ noun A restart is often necessary to fix something on reinicio

your computer.
restart /ˌriːˈstɑː(r)t/ verb He restarted his computer when something odd reiniciar
happened while he was working on it.
save /seɪv/ verb Where did you save the file that you were working guardar
on?
scanner /ˈskænə(r)/ noun The scanner wasn’t working this morning, so I had escáner
to photograph some documents.
screen /skriːn/ noun The screen has a very sharp display. pantalla
send /send/ verb To make a booking, send an email to the address at enviar
the bottom of the page.
59
set up /ˈset ʌp/ phrasal Will you be able to set up my new laptop? configurar
verb
setup /ˈsetʌp/ noun The steps of the setup programme are easy to configuración
follow.
software /ˈsɒf(t)weə(r)/ noun Tim is working as a software engineer in software

Switzerland.
speaker /ˈspiːkə(r)/ noun The speakers give high quality sound. altavoz
subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ verb The doctor subscribes to all suscribirse

the main medical journals online.
switch off /swɪtʃ ɒf/ phrasal Please switch off the TV when you leave the room. apagar
verb
touchpad /ˈtʌtʃˌpæd/ noun The touchpad makes it so easy to play games on panel táctil
my tablet.
touchscreen /ˈtʌtʃˌskriːn/ noun I use the touchscreen on my computer to navigate pantalla táctil
between documents.
travel agents /ˈtræv(ə)l ˈeɪdʒ(ə)ntz/ noun The travel agent got us a very good deal on a agente de viajes
holiday.
unplugged /ʌnˈplʌɡd/ adjective The computer was unplugged – that’s why he could desenchufada
not switch it on!
update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ noun There is a new update with many new features for actualización
my smartphone.
60
update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ verb You must update the software on your computer actualizar
to the latest version.
USB cable /ˌjuː es ˈbiː ˌkeɪb(ə)l/ noun I can’t find a USB cable to connect my phone to my cable USB
laptop.
USB port /ˌjuː es ˈbiː ˌpɔː(r)t/ noun This laptop has four USB ports. puerto USB
webcam /ˈwebˌk æm/ noun Does this computer have a built-in webcam? webcam
1
Para traducir los sustantivos sin variación de género en inglés, como “student”, se han utilizado alternativamente las formas en femenino y masculino.
De este modo, se logra una máxima visibilidad de ambos géneros en la lista de palabras.
61

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B1 Student’s Book Wordlist

ankle /ˈæŋk(ə)l/ noun I fell and hurt my ankle. tobillo

arm /ɑː(r)m/ noun I put my arm around his shoulders. brazo

cheek /tʃiːk/ noun Sarah kissed her on the cheek. mejilla

cough /kɒf/ verb I coughed uncontrollably all night long. toser

detect /dɪˈtekt/ verb The system is capable of detecting small detectar

ear /ɪə(r)/ noun He whispered something in her ear. oreja

face /feɪs/ noun The ball hit me in the face. cara

headache /ˈhedeɪk/ noun I have a terrible headache. dolor de cabeza

knee /niː/ noun I have a small cut on my knee. rodilla

leg /leg/ noun He’s trying to balance on one leg. pierna

mouth /maʊθ/ noun She opened her mouth to speak. boca

painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(r)/ noun Can you get me some painkillers? analgésico

sprained /spreɪnd/ adjective My sprained wrist is healing fast. esguinzada

virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ noun Malaria is caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. virus

consequences /ˈkɒnsɪkwənsiz/ noun We have to consider the consequences of our consecuencia

embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adjective I felt so embarrassed about my mistake. avergonzada

embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adjective I found the whole situation embarrassing. vergonzoso

entertaining /ˌentə(r)ˈteɪnɪŋ/ adjective The TV channel produces entertaining entretenido

informative /ɪnˈfɔː(r)mətɪv/ adjective The documentary on fast food was informativo

ordinary /ˈɔː(r)d(ə)n(ə)ri/ adjective It was just an ordinary Saturday morning. normal

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ noun A computer can store a huge amount cantidad

hill /hɪl/ noun The village is built on a steep hill. colina

recycle /riːˈsaɪk(ə)l/ verb Japan recycles 40% of its waste. reciclar

stream /striːm/ noun The path runs alongside a stream. arroyo

construction /kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n noun Ray is a construction worker at a big building obrero de la

determined /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪnd/ adjective Jack was determined to be a successful musician. determinado

essential /ɪˈsenʃ(ə)l/ adjective Sunlight is essential to life on Earth – we cannot esencial

finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ noun Students should be taught how finanzas

hard-working /ˌhɑː(r)d-ˈwɜː(r)kɪŋ/ adjective She is hard-working and reliable. trabajadora

long-haired /lɒŋ-heə(r)d/ adjective We have a long-haired dog. de pelo largo

penniless /ˈpenɪləs/ adjective My parents arrived in the country as sin dinero

profession /prəˈfeʃ(ə)n/ noun A doctor is a member of the medical profession. profesión

well-paid /ˌwel-ˈpeɪd/ adjective Charlie is a well-paid company driver. bien remunerado

anger /ˈæŋgə(r)/ noun Anger is a powerful emotion. enfado

awareness /əˈweə(r)nəs/ noun There was a general lack of awareness concienciación

boredom /ˈbɔː(r)dəm/ noun Activities such as games aburrimiento

disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd adjective Obviously, I feel very disappointed at decepcionada

excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ adjective I was so excited, I couldn’t sleep. emocionada

experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ noun We have to do an experiment to see if the experimento

hesitated /ˈhezɪteɪtd/ verb He hesitated a moment, and then knocked on dudar

inanimate /ɪnˈænɪmət/ adjective Start practising photographing inanimado

loneliness /ˈləʊnlinəs/ noun Loneliness is described as ‘a disease of our time’. soledad

make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ phrasal He made up some excuse about inventarse

weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ noun The debilidad

encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ verb Mum always encouraged us animar

invent /ɪnˈvent/ verb Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. inventar

mystery /ˈmɪst(ə)ri/ noun I like reading of a good mystery novel. misterio

attach /əˈtætʃ/ verb I attached a recent photograph of my children adjuntar

create /kriˈeɪt/ verb How do I create a new file? crear

install /ɪnˈstɔːl/ verb It’s important to install an antivirus software on instalar

jammers /ˈdʒæmə(r)z/ noun The company uses a phone jammer jammer

microphone /ˈmaɪkrəˌfəʊn/) noun A microphone is a piece of equipment for making micrófono

monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ noun The instructions are displayed on a monitor. monitor

primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adjective That computer is so primitive, it should be in a anticuado

queries /ˈkwɪəriz/ noun One of our staff will pregunta

restart /ˌriːˈstɑː(r)t/ noun A restart is often necessary to fix something on reinicio

software /ˈsɒf(t)weə(r)/ noun Tim is working as a software engineer in software

subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ verb The doctor subscribes to all suscribirse

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