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Viva Ques

The document addresses basic logic gates, half and full adders, integrated circuits, number systems, conversion systems, binary to gray and gray to binary conversion, decoders, multiplexers, demultiplexers, and flip-flops. Diagrams and truth tables are provided to explain the functionality and applications of these digital logic components.

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ujjawalsharma507
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7 views6 pages

Viva Ques

The document addresses basic logic gates, half and full adders, integrated circuits, number systems, conversion systems, binary to gray and gray to binary conversion, decoders, multiplexers, demultiplexers, and flip-flops. Diagrams and truth tables are provided to explain the functionality and applications of these digital logic components.

Uploaded by

ujjawalsharma507
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 6

Let's address your questions one by one:

1. Basic Logic Gates:

- AND Gate: A gate that produces a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high.

- Circuit Diagram:

```

A ---|AND|--- Output

B ---|

```

- Truth Table:

```

A | B | Output

----------

0|0|0

0|1|0

1|0|0

1|1|1

```

- OR Gate: A gate that produces a high output (1) if any of its inputs are high.

- Circuit Diagram:

```

A ---|OR|--- Output

B ---|

```

- Truth Table:

```

A | B | Output

----------

0|0|0

0|1|1
1|0|1

1|1|1

```

- XOR Gate (Exclusive OR): A gate that produces a high output (1) only if the number of inputs that
are high is odd.

- Circuit Diagram:

```

A ---|XOR|--- Output

B ---|

```

- Truth Table:

```

A | B | Output

----------

0|0|0

0|1|1

1|0|1

1|1|0

```

- XNOR Gate (Exclusive NOR): A gate that produces a high output (1) only if the number of inputs
that are high is even.

- Circuit Diagram:

```

A ---|XNOR|--- Output

B ---|

```

- Truth Table:

```

A | B | Output

----------
0|0|1

0|1|0

1|0|0

1|1|1

```

- NOT Gate (Inverter): A gate that produces the opposite logic state as its input.

- Circuit Diagram:

```

A ---|NOT|--- Output

```

- Truth Table:

```

A | Output

----------

0|1

1|0

```

2. Half Adder and Full Adder:

- Half Adder: A digital circuit that adds two single binary digits.

- Truth Table:

```

A | B | Sum | Carry

-------------------

0|0|0 |0

0|1|1 |0

1|0|1 |0

1|1|0 |1

```

- Circuit Diagram:
```

A ----\

| AND---- Sum

B ----/

| OR---- Carry

|______

```

- Full Adder: A digital circuit that adds three binary digits, two operands, and a carry bit.

- Truth Table:

```

A | B | Cin | Sum | Cout

------------------------

0|0|0 |0 |0

0|0|1 |1 |0

0|1|0 |1 |0

0|1|1 |0 |1

1|0|0 |1 |0

1|0|1 |0 |1

1|1|0 |0 |1

1|1|1 |1 |1

```

- Circuit Diagram: Full adder can be implemented using two half adders and an OR gate.

3. IC Chip (Integrated Circuit):

- An IC chip is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin
substrate of semiconductor material.

- Different types include logic ICs, microprocessors, memory chips, etc.

- Pin diagrams vary greatly depending on the specific IC.


4. Number Systems:

- Radix/Base: The number of unique digits (including zero) used to represent numbers in a
positional numeral system.

- Binary (Base 2): Uses digits 0 and 1.

- Decimal (Base 10): Uses digits 0 through 9.

- Octal (Base 8): Uses digits 0 through 7.

- Hexadecimal (Base 16): Uses digits 0 through 9 and letters A to F (representing 10 to 15).

5. Conversion Systems:

- Conversion systems involve transforming a number from one base to another.

- There are specific algorithms for each conversion.

6. Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary Conversion:

- Binary to Gray: Each bit in the Gray code is the exclusive-OR of the corresponding bits in the
binary number.

- Gray to Binary: Gray code can be converted back to binary by taking the exclusive-OR of
consecutive bits.

7. Decoder:

- A decoder is a digital circuit that converts a binary code into a specific set of output lines, one of
which will be active based on the input code.

- The number of input lines determines the number of unique input codes that can be decoded.

- The number of output lines determines the number of different decoded outputs.

8. Use of Decoder:

- Decoders are used in various applications such as address decoding in memory systems,
demultiplexing, data routing, etc.

9. 3-to-8 Line Decoder:

- A 3-to-8 line decoder has 3 inputs and 8 outputs.

- It can decode 3 binary bits (000 to 111) into one of the eight outputs based on the input.

10. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer:


- A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects one of many input lines and directs it to a
single output line.

- A demultiplexer performs the reverse operation, taking a single input and selecting one of many
output lines to route the input to.

11. Flip-Flops:

- Flip-flops are sequential circuits that can store one bit of information.

- Types include SR flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, and T flip-flop.

Circuit diagrams for each type of flip-flop can be quite complex and are better represented visually.

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