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    Exercises 8

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    angyruizh

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    Exercises 8

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    Exercises_8

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    Exercises 8

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    of 3

    204 Deep inelastic scattering

    8.1 Use the data in Figure 8.2 to estimate the lifetime of the Δ+ baryon.

    8.2 In fixed-target electron–proton elastic scattering

    Q2 = 2mp (E1 − E3 ) = 2mp E1 y and Q2 = 4E1 E3 sin2 (θ/2).

    (a) Use these relations to show that


    θ 2
    E1 mp 2 E3 2  θ  m2p y2
    sin2 = y and hence cos =1−y− 2 .
    2 E3 Q2 E1 2 Q
    (b) Assuming azimuthal symmetry and using Equations (7.31) and (7.32), show that
     
    dσ  dΩ  dσ π dσ
    2
    =  2  = 2 .
    dQ dQ dΩ E3 dΩ

    (c) Using the results of (a) and (b) show that the Rosenbluth equation,
    ⎛ ⎞
    dσ α2 E3 ⎜⎜⎜ GE2 + τ GM2 2 θ θ ⎟⎟⎟
    = 2 4 ⎜⎝ cos + 2τ GM2 sin2 ⎟⎠ ,
    dΩ 4E1 sin (θ/2) E1 (1 + τ) 2 2

    can be written in the Lorentz-invariant form


    ⎡ ⎛ ⎞ ⎤
    dσ 4πα2 ⎢⎢⎢⎢ GE2 + τGM2 ⎜⎜⎜ m2 y 2 ⎟ ⎥
    ⎜⎜⎝1 − y − p ⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠ + 1 y2 GM2 ⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦ .
    = 4 ⎢⎣
    dQ2 Q (1 + τ) Q2 2

    8.3 In fixed-target electron–proton inelastic scattering:

    (a) show that the laboratory frame differential cross section for deep-inelastic scattering is related to the
    Lorentz-invariant differential cross section of Equation (8.11) by

    d2 σ E1 E3 d2 σ E1 E3 2mp x 2 d2 σ
    = = ,
    dE3 dΩ π dE3 dQ2 π Q2 dx dQ2
    where E1 and E3 are the energies of the incoming and outgoing electron.
    (b) Show that

    2mp x 2 y2 1 E3 2 θ m2p x 2 y2 E3 2 θ
    2
    · = sin and 1−y− = cos .
    Q 2 mp E1 2 Q2 E1 2
    205 Problems

    0.4

    F 2eD (x , Q 2)
    0.2

    0
    0 0.5 1

    t
    x

    Fig. 8.18 SLAC measurements of F2eD (x, Q2 ) in for 2 < Q2 / GeV2 < 30. Data from Whitlow et al. (1992).

    (c) Hence, show that the Lorentz-invariant cross section of Equation (8.11) becomes
     
    d2 σ α2 F2 2 θ 2F1 2 θ
    = 2 4 cos + sin .
    dE3 dΩ 4E1 sin θ/2 ν 2 mp 2
    (d) A fixed-target ep scattering experiment consists of an electron beam of maximum energy 20 GeV and a
    variable angle spectrometer that can detect scattered electrons with energies greater than 2 GeV. Find
    the range of values of θ over which deep inelastic scattering events can be studied at x = 0.2 and Q2 =
    2 GeV2 .
    8.4 If quarks were spin-0 particles, why would F1ep (x)/F2ep (x) be zero?
    1
    8.5 What is the expected value of 0 u(x) − u(x) dx for the proton?

    8.6 Figure 8.18 shows the raw measurements of the structure function F2 (x) in low-energy electron–deuterium
    scattering. When combined with the measurements of Figure 8.11, it is found that
    1
    0 2
    F eD (x) dx
     1 ep  0.84.
    F
    0 2
    (x) dx
    Write down the quark–parton model prediction for this ratio and determine the relative fraction of the momen-
    tum of proton carried by down-/anti-down-quarks compared to that carried by the up-/anti-up-quarks, fd /fu .

    8.7 Including the contribution from strange quarks:


    (a) show that F2ep (x) can be written
    4  1 
    F2ep (x) = u(x) + u(x) + d(x) + d(x) + s(x) + s(x) ,
    9 9
    where s(x) and s(x) are the strange quark–parton distribution functions of the proton.
    (b) Find the corresponding expression for F2en (x) and show that
     1 F ep (x) − F en (x) 
    2 2 1 2 1 
    dx ≈ + u(x) − d(x) dx,
    0 x 3 3 0
    and interpret the measured value of 0.24 ± 0.03.
    206 Deep inelastic scattering

    8.8 At the HERA collider, electrons of energy E1 = 27.5 GeV collided with protons of energy E2 = 820 GeV. In deep
    inelastic scattering events at HERA, show that the Bjorken x is given by
     
    E3 1 − cos θ
    x= ,
    E2 2 − (E3 /E1 )(1 + cos θ)
    where θ is the angle through which the electron has scattered and E3 is the energy of the scattered electron.
    Estimate x and Q2 for the event shown in Figure 8.13 assuming that the energy of the scattered electron
    is 250 GeV.

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