Aldehyde, Ketone & Carboxylic Acid CHEMHACK
Aldehyde, Ketone & Carboxylic Acid CHEMHACK
Aldehyde, Ketone & Carboxylic Acid CHEMHACK
1. Vanillin structure -
2. Salicylaldehyde structure -
4. Benzophenone structure -
5. Name this structure -
6. Draw 3-Oxopentanal.
7. Pentane-1,5-dial structure -
8. Draw propane-1,2,3-tricarbaldehyde.
9. Valeraldehyde structure -
10. Acrolein structure -
11. Name the structure -
12. Isophthalaldehyde structure -
13. Terephthaldehyde structure -
14. Mesityl oxide formula - (JEE 2021)
15. Acetaldehyde formula -
16. Formaldehyde formula -
17. (NEET)
ANSWERS 1
ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 41
21. Reaction in the previous question is called -
22. DIBAL-H full form is -
23. DIBAL-H do not attack on double bond because -
24. (JEE)
25.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
38. The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are higher than hydrocarbons and ethers of
comparable molecular masses. T/F
39. Compare the b.p. of alcohol, ether, ketone, aldehyde, hydrocarbons when they have almost the same molecular
mass.
40. Methanal is a gas/liquid.
ANSWERS 1
42 CHEMHACK
41. Ethanal is a gas/liquid.
42. Aldehyde from H-bond with water. T/F
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Nucleophilic addition & reduction
43. Ketones are generally more reactive than aldehydes in nucleophilic addition reactions. T/F
44.
46.
47. A + B
49.
ANSWERS 1 ANSWERS 2
ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 43
52. 2,4-DNP test is for - (JEE 2021)
53. _______ colour solution is obtained if 2,4-DNP test is positive.
54.
55. Above reaction is called - (NEET)
?
56. ? (NEET) (JEE)
57. Above reaction is called - (NEET) (JEE)
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
Oxidation
64. Tollens and Fehlings reagent oxidise aldehydes. T/F
65. What is Tollen’s reagent ?
66. Tollen’s test and fehling test are used to distinguish -
67. Tollen’s test for fructose is -ve. T/F
68. If the tollens test is +ve, ______ is produced. (NEET) (JEE)
69. Tollens and fehling tests occur in acidic/alkaline medium.
70. Write the Tollens test reaction.
ANSWERS 2
44 CHEMHACK
79.
80. Iodoform test is used to test the presence of ______ and ______ group. (NEET) (JEE)
Aldol condensation & Cannizzaro
81. β-hydroxy ketones are called -
82.
83.
84. Reagents and conditions used in aldol condensation are - (NEET) (JEE)
85.
90.
ANSWERS 2 ANSWERS 3
ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 45
CARBOXYLIC ACID
INTRODUCTION
100. Primary alcohol are oxidised to carboxylic acid by - (3) (NEET) (JEE)
101. Jones reagent is -
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
ANSWERS 3
46 CHEMHACK
111.
→
112. RCCl₃ + A RCOOH. What is A ?
→
113. R-C=C-R’ + A RCOOH + R’COOH. What is A ?
114. CH₂=CH₂ + CO + H₂O [H₂PO₄/573K-673K] →
115. The above reaction is called ________ and it follows the markovnikov/anti-markovnikov mechanism.
116.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
129.
ANSWERS 3 ANSWERS 4
ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 47
→
131. RCOOH + A RCOCl + POCl₃ + HCl. Identify A.
→
132. RCOOH + PCl₅ (NEET) (JEE)
→
133. RCOOH + SOCl₂ (NEET) (JEE)
134. Why is SOCl₂ prefered while forming acid chloride from carboxylic acid ?
135. A B What are A & B ?
136. A + B (NEET)
140.
143. T/F.
144.
ANSWERS 4
48 CHEMHACK
ANSWERS
• ALDEHYDES AND KETONES 22. Diisobutylaluminium hydride
23. H- given by DIBAL-H have high electron density
1. 2. which cause repulsion with double bond
24. RCHO
25. 1. AlH(i-Bu)₂, 2. H₂O
3. Cinnamaldehyde 26.
4. 27. ,
Chromium complex
5. Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde 28. Etard reaction
6.
29.
7. CHO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CHO
8. 30. ,
103.
80. CH₃CO⁻ and CH₃CH(OH)⁻
81. Ketol 104.
82. CH₃-CH=CH-CHO
83. 105. gives nothing as tertiary group is not affected.
106. RCOOH
84. dil.NaOH or any base in the 1st reaction, dehydration 107. CH₃COOH + NH₃
by heating in the 2nd reaction
85. 108.
109. R-COO⁻MgX⁺, RCOOH
86. Hydride shift 110. 2 C₆H₅COOH
87. Conc. NaOH/KOH
111.
88. Benzyl alcohol + Formic acid
89. Small 112. aq. KOH/H₂O
113. hot conc. KMnO₄/H⁺
90. 114. CH₃-CH₂-COOH
115. Koch reaction, markovnikov
91. Perfumery and dye industry
116. R-CH₂-COOH + CO₂
92. Acetic acid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, polymers
and drugs
117.
• CARBOXYLIC ACID
93. Propionic acid
118.
94. Ethanedioic acid
95. HOOC-CH₂-COOH
96. HOOC-(CH₂)₄-COOH
97. Oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid,
adipic acid [Mnemonic - OM Shanti Gao]
QUESTIONS 7 QUESTIONS 8