NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P2

NOVEMBER 2023

MARKING GUIDELINES

MARKS: 150

These marking guidelines consist of 12 pages.

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Geography/P2 2 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION A: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC

GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1.1 1.1.1 Z (1)

1.1.2 Y (1)

1.1.3 Z (1)

1.1.4 Y (1)

1.1.5 Z (1)

1.1.6 Y (1)

1.1.7 Y (1) (7 x 1) (7)

1.2 1.2.1 C (1)

1.2.2 B (1)

1.2.3 C (1)

1.2.4 D (1)

1.2.5 B (1)

1.2.6 B/D (1)

1.2.7 B (1)

1.2.8 D (1) (8 x 1) (8)

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Geography/P2 3 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.3 1.3.1 Decrease/decline in the population of rural areas (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.2 Healthcare (1)

Name TWO
social
Education (1)
services Water (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

1.3.3 Not viable because of low population density/ Few people (over a vast area)
Give (2)
TWO
possible Insufficient municipal budgets/ No money (2)
reasons Poor infrastructure (accept examples) (2)
for lack of
social Lack of skilled/professional personnel (Brain drain) (2)
services in Corruption (in municipalities) (2)
the Alfred
Nzo Theft / vandalism of existing infrastructure (2)
District Most impoverished rural area/ live below the poverty line (accept examples)
(2)
Lack of (private) investment/ Rural areas not a priority/ not attractive to
investors (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 Young adults move (2)

Why do rural
settlements Decrease in the available labour pool (2)
experience
a negative
Skilled people leave / Brain drain (2)
economic There are more old people left behind (2)
impact?
Reduces food production (2)
Reduces income from exports (2)
Basic services close (accept examples) (2)
There is a reduction in the value of property (2)
Fewer economic activities (accept examples) (2)
Decrease in employment opportunities (2)
Reduced buying power (lower salaries) / less customers (2)
Resources are under-utilised (accept examples) (2)
Lack of investments (2)
Farms will be abandoned (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.5 They could provide more basic services (accept examples) (2)
Suggest
sustainable
They could provide more infrastructure (accept examples) (2)
measures
by
Create more job opportunities (accept examples) (2)
municipalitie Attract industries to rural areas (2)
s to reduce
the negative Stimulate the development of home industries (2)
economic
impact
Stimulate the ecotourism/tourism sector (accept examples) (2)
Promote sporting and cultural events (accept examples) (2)
Provide incentives/subsidies (accept examples) (2)
Accelerate the process of land reform (accept examples) (2)
Upskilling of farmers and labourers (accept examples) (2)
Integrated Rural Development (accept examples) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P2 4 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.4 1.4.1 Movement of businesses out of the CBD and into the suburbs/outlying
Definition
business centres (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING

Movement of businesses out of the CBD (1)

1.4.2 High building density (1)

One factor
evident in
Lack of space (1)
CBD that
encourages
Lack of aesthetic appeal (accept examples) (1)
commercial
decentralisa
tion [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 High rent:

How do high
rentals and
Cannot afford rentals (2)
crime lead
to
Decrease profits of businesses (2)
increasing Crime:
commercial
decentralisa Insurance is more expensive (2)
tion?
Customers feel unsafe (2)
Reduced customer base (accept examples) (2)
Alarms/security is costly (2)
Loss of stock (2)
Damage to businesses (2)
Decrease profits (accept examples) (2)
[ANY TWO – MUST INCLUDE HIGH RENT AND CRIME] (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.4 A variety of shops under one roof makes shopping convenient (2)
Explain
why
The close proximity (to customers/markets/employees) saves time/cost (2)
neighbour It has aesthetic appeal (accept examples) making it a pleasant shopping
hood
shopping experience (2)
centres Available parking space makes shopping more convenient (accept
are an
attractive examples) (2)
option for Effective security/surveillance makes it safer for customers (accept
location of
businesses examples) (2)
More affordable rentals/cheaper land results in greater profits (2)
More easily accessible (to customers/employees) due to less traffic
congestion (2)
Few shops offering the same service results in less competition (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM TWO MARK

A variety of shops under one roof (1)
The close proximity (to customers/markets/employees) (1)
It has aesthetic appeal (accept examples) (1)
Available parking space (1)
Effective security/surveillance (1)
More affordable rentals/cheaper land (1)
More easily accessible (to customers/employees)/less traffic congestion (1)
Small number of shops offering the same service (1)

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Geography/P2 5 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

1.4.5 Businesses close down (2)

How can
the increase
Owners lose profits (2)
in the
number of
The value of property decreases (2)
neighbour- Buildings become vacant (2)
hood
shopping Decrease local consumers/buying power (2)
centres
have a
Increased costs (for security / insurance) (2)
negative Buildings become dilapidated (2)
impact on
businesses Occupied by illegal immigrants (2)
in the CBD?
Increase in crime (2)
Increase in informal sector /increased competition (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

1.5 1.5.1 Cars/ Private vehicles (1) (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.2 There are more cars being used (to transport 60 people) (2) (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.3 Fewer cars on the road (2)

How can
improved Availability of public transport (accept examples) (2)
public
transport
More efficient public transport (accept examples) (2)
systems Increasing accessibility (accept examples) (2)
decrease
traffic Dedicated public transport lanes (accept examples) (2)
congestion?
Making public transport more affordable (2)
[ANY TWO) (2 x 2) (4)

1.5.4 It is costly and has a negative influence on people's budgets (accept

PARAGRAPH
Explain why examples) (2)
the use of
public
Commuters sometimes need to change to several modes of transport to get
transport to work/costs (2)
such a
minibus Petrol price increases affects the budgets of commuters (2)
taxis and
buses could
Irresponsible drivers endanger commuters lives which negates (personal)
be an
economic
insurance claims (2)
injustice to The unsafe/un-roadworthy/overloaded vehicles can cause accidents/injuries
commuters
(to commuters necessitating medical bills) (accept examples) (2)
Commuters will be late which results in job losses (accept examples) (2)
Violence/strikes in the public transport industry results in loss of income
(accept examples) (2)
Inflexible operating hours restrict commuters from working overtime (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM FOUR MARKS

It is costly (1)
Commuters sometimes need to change to several modes (1)
Petrol price increases (1)
Irresponsible drivers endanger commuters’ lives (1)
The unsafe/un-roadworthy/overloaded vehicles (1)
Commuters will be late (1)
Violence/strikes in the public transport industry (1)
Inflexible operating hours (1)
[60]

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Geography/P2 6 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1 2.1.1 primary (1)

2.1.2 foreign exchange (1)

2.1.3 Geothermal gradient (1)

2.1.4 Non-renewable (1)

2.1.5 North West (1)

2.1.6 jewellery (1)

2.1.7 Labour unrest (1) (7 x 1) (7)

2.2 2.2.1 B (1)

2.2.2 C (1)

2.2.3 C (1)

2.2.4 A (1)

2.2.5 C (1)

2.2.6 D (1)

2.2.7 B (1)

2.2.8 D (1) (8 x 1) (8)

2.3 2.3.1 Free State (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 More is produced than is exported (2) (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 Staple food of most South Africans/Great demand (2)

Why does
SA have a
It is cheap (2)
large
domestic
Accessible/Available to the poor (2)
market for Raw material for industrial production (accept examples) (2)
maize?
Source of food for livestock (accept examples) (2)
Contributes to food security (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.4 Growth of crops is stunted (2)

How will
climatic
Crops will be washed away (2)
factors
reduce
Crops will be destroyed/damaged (2)
maize Crops will be burnt (2)
production?
Crops will dry out/wilt (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P2 7 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.3.5 Export of maize brings in foreign currency (accept examples) (2)

Explain the
economic
There is a large domestic market for maize (2)
importance
of maize
Maize is used as a raw material in the secondary economic sector (accept
production examples) (2)
to the SA
economy Maize makes a significant contribution to the GDP of South Africa (2)
Maize is the leading agricultural product in South Africa (2)
It creates employment (accept examples) (2)
Link industries are encouraged (accept examples) (2)
Decreases import of food (2)
It improves infrastructure (accept examples) (2)
Multiplier effect encourages the growth of all other sectors (accept
examples) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.4 2.4.1 Harbour (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.2 Secondary (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.3 Volkswagen (VW) (1)

Isuzu (1)
Beijing Automotive Group (BAIC) (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.4 'Solar cell factory (to open in Coega IDZ') (1)
Quote two
headlines
'Aquaculture: (Coega's new fish farm zone progresses') (1)
from
timeline
the 'New 1 000 MW gas power (plan for Coega') (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.5 More employment opportunities (2)

How will
diversification A variety of employment opportunities available (accept examples) (2)
benefit the
labour
Labour force is exposed to a variety of skills (accept examples) (2)
force? Upskilling of labour/Fourth industrial revolution skills (2)
It would create opportunities for the migration of skilled labour nationally and
internationally to transfer skills (2)
Improved quality of life /better standard of living (accept examples) (2)
Multiplier effect (2)
Improved infrastructure (accept examples) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

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Geography/P2 8 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.4.6 The deep-water harbour can handle large (container) ships (2)
Explain why
the Coega
The deep-water harbour facilitates export of goods (2)
IDZ would
be attractive
There are large tracts of available land for construction of (specialised)
for overseas industries (2)
investment
Well-developed (linked) infrastructure (accept examples) to other parts of
South Africa (2)
The zone provides incentives (accept examples) which encourage overseas
industries (2)
Access to services (accept examples) ensures an efficient production process
(2)
Cheap labour reduces production costs and increases profits (2)
Skilled/unskilled labour force available to work in industries (2)
Availability of alternate energy sources (accept examples) creates effective
production (2)
Availability of linked industries to enhance the production process (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING- MAXIMUM THREE MARKS

The deep-water harbour (1)
There are large tracts of available land (1)
Well-developed (linked) infrastructure (accept examples) (1)
The zone provides incentives (1)
Access to services (accept examples) (1)
Cheap labour (1)
Skilled/unskilled labour force (1)
Availability of alternate energy sources (accept examples) (1)
Availability of linked industries (1)

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Geography/P2 9 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

2.5 2.5.1 20 (1) % (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.2 Economic recession (accept examples) (1)

Give
economic
Unemployment (accept examples) (1)
reasons that
have led to
Less expensive (1)
such a large Non-payment of additional costs (accept examples) (1)
informal
sector in It is accessible (1)
South Africa
Make use of informal labourers (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.3 It provides employment opportunities (accept examples) (2)

Explain the
economic
It reduces government responsibility for providing grants (2)
importance
of the
Demand for goods will increase production (accept examples) (2)
informal They pay VAT (2)
sector
Access to more affordable goods (2)
Creates economically sustainable (accept examples) entrepreneurial
ideas/skills (2)
It provides a bigger market for goods (accept examples) (2)
Goods can be bought at an affordable price (2)
Regular income reduces crime (2)
Contributes to the GDP (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.4 Regulate the sector (accept examples) (2)

PARAGRAPH
Suggest Allocate designated areas for them to trade (accept examples) (2)
strategies
that could
Supply basic services (accept examples) (2)
be Provide infrastructure (accept examples) (2)
implemente
d to improve Increased security for their goods (2)
the informal
sector
Create partnerships with the private sector (accept examples) (2)
Upskilling of entrepreneurs (2)
Access to funding (accept examples) (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

[60]

TOTAL SECTION A: 120

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Geography/P2 10 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS
3.1.1 A (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 C (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 14 (1) cm x 100 (Range – 13,9 cm – 14,1 cm)

Distance
1 400 metres (1) (Range – 1 390 metres – 1 410 metres) (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.4 Orthophoto map has a bigger scale (5 times larger) (1) (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.5 Mean annual change: 12' (1) westwards

Magnetic
declination
Total annual change: 2 x 12' = 24' (1) westwards
MD for 2023: 29°00' + (1) 24' = 29°24' west of true north (1) (4 x 1) (4)

3.1.6 To determine the position of true north (1) (1 x 1) (1)

Purpose

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

3.2.1 (a) Y (1) (1 x 1) (1)
Give
evidence (b) Smaller plots/stands (2)
from the
topographi
Higher density housing (2)
cal map to It is closer to the industries (2)
support
your Close to railway line (2)
answer Close to the airport (2)
Close to cemetery (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.2 (a) Golf courses (1)
Example of
ONE type
Woodland (1)
of
greenbelt
Nature reserve/protected area (1)
Recreation ground (accept sports grounds) (1)
Parks (1)
Row of trees (1)
Bakens River Valley (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

How do (b) Reduces noise pollution (2)

green belts
reduce
Reduces air pollution (2)
environ- It will provide a habitat for ecosystems (2)
mental
injustices ? Absorbs carbon dioxide (2)
Increases oxygen (2)
Controls greenhouse gases (2)
Reduce temperatures/cooling effect (2)
Promotes biodiversity (2)
Reduces erosion (2)
Flood control (2)
Aesthetic appeal (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P2 11 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.2.3 (a) Accessibility to the harbour (1)

Evidence H
is heavy
Near railway line (1)
industry Accessible to main roads (1)
Horizontal development of buildings/ Large buildings (1)
High density of buildings (1)
Large tracts of land (1)
On the outskirts (1)
Flat land (1)
Close to water source (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

(b) (North End) cemetery (1)

Identify
human-
Built-up area/Sydenham/Residential area (1)
made [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
feature that
limits
expanding
(c) Reduce unemployment/people would earn salaries (2)
How would
Increase in buying power (2)
employme Provide people with new skills (2)
nt
opportuniti Multiplier effect (2)
es created
by
Improved infrastructure (2)
industrial Improvement of basic services (2)
area be of
economic Tax base broadened (2)
benefit to
local area
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.4 Space for expansion (2)

Why airport
located in
Noise pollution (2)
the rural-
urban
Less urban development (2)
fringe Safety concerns (2)
Flat land (2)
Cheaper land (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P2 12 DBE/November 2023
NSC – Marking Guidelines

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1 Firebreak (1)

Evidence of
buffering
Golf course (1)
Woodland (1)
Protected area (1)
Open space (1)
Row of trees (1)
Bakens River Valley (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 It controls fire from spreading (2)
Purpose of
buffering
Reduces noise/air/water pollution (accept examples) (2)
Limits flooding (2)
Reduces expansion of the residential area (2)
Limits development along the streams (2)
Protects the local community (accept examples) (2)
Protects river from soil erosion (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 A layer of information based on a specific theme (2)

Data-layer
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PART MARKING-ONE MARK

A layer of information (1)

3.3.4 Roads (accept examples) (1)

Transport
layer in (accept Track and hiking trail) (1)
block B1 [ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.5 Grid-iron pattern/many intersections (2)

Why would
the data [ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
layer cause
traffic
congestion
?

TOTAL SECTION B: 30
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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