NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

GEOGRAPHY P2
PREPARATORY EXAMINATIONS 2022
MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 10 pages

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Geography/P2 2 LimpopoDoE/September2022
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SECTION A
QUESTION 1: RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

1.1
1.1.1 Nucleated (1)
1.1.2 Dispersed (1)
1.1.3 Nucleated (1)
1.1.4 Dispersed (1)
1.1.5 Dispersed (1)
1.1.6 Nucleated (1)
1.1.7 Dispersed (1)
1.1.8 Nucleated (1) (8 x 1) (8)

1.2
1.2.1 Y (1)
1.2.2 Z (1)
1.2.2 Y (1)
1.2.3 Z (1)
1.2.4 Y (1)
1.2.5 Y (1)
1.2.6 Y (1) (7 x 1) (7)

1.3
1.3.1 Land redistribution - when people who did not own land before are
given land for farming and residential purposes.
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 5% (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.3 Land taken during forced removals (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.4 Only 2% of the people support the idea of redistributing all the land (2)
South Africans do not support the idea of redistributing all the land (2)
Almost all the people disagree to redistribute all the land (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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1.3.5 The willing seller-willing buyer process delays in determining price of

land (2)
It is a very costly process and many cannot afford it (2)
It takes time to resolve land claim disputes (2)
Lack of training and support for new land owners (2)
Some new land owners have no interest or knowledge of farming (2)
Disagreements between government and traditional leaders in terms of
distributing tribal land to individuals (2)
There are areas of disputes (gaps) in the land reform policies (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

1.4
1.4.1 Sphere of influence – the market area from where an urban settlement
draws its customers.
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.2 Cape Town (1 x 1) (1)
1.4.3 Customers come from greater distances for the high-order goods (2)
More functions available in the large urban centres (2)
Larger urban centres offer more specialized functions (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.4 Cities have a larger sphere of influence and therefore a bigger
threshold population (2)
Cities with high-order goods need a larger threshold population (2)
When the sphere of influence is large, there will be more functions that
require a large threshold population (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.5 Great variety of functions (2)
Many specialized services (2)
They cover a large market area (2)
They are large urban centres (2)
They have a large range (draw customers from faraway places) (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

1.5
1.5.1 Traffic congestion (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.2 Lockdown stopped people from going places (2)
People were forced to stay at home (2)
Restricted movement of people to contain the spread of virus (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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Geography/P2 4 LimpopoDoE/September2022
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1.5.3 Poor public transport system (2)

People live very far from their work places (2)
People commute on a daily basis. (2)
Too many private vehicles. (2)
Poor infrastructure that do not allow for smooth traffic flow. (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 The traffic jams consume a lot of expensive fuel. (2)

Workers lose income due to late arrival at work. (2)
Job losses due to late arrival at work (2)
Damage to infrastructure leading to high costs of repairs (2)
(accept examples)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.5 Develop reliable public transport (2)
Introduce Mass Rapid Transport Systems (2)
Charging cars to enter the CBD (2)
Introduce one-way streets to speed up traffic flow (2)
Construct ring roads and bypasses (2)
Introduce synchronized traffic lights (2)
Park and ride facilities (2)
Construct cycle lanes for people to ride short distances (2)
Staggered working hours (2)
Use traffic officers to control traffic (2)
Introduce lift clubs (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)
[60]

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Geography/P2 5 LimpopoDoE/September2022
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QUESTION 2: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA

2.1
2.1.1 Agriculture (1)
2.1.2 12% (1)
2.1.3 Secondary (1)
2.1.4 Trade (1)
2.1.5 Finance and business services/Government (1)
2.1.6 Quaternary (1)
2.1.7 17% (1) (7 x 1) (7)

2.2
2.2.1 heavy industries (1)
2.2.2 agglomeration (1)
2.2.3 raw-material orientated (1)
2.2.4 footloose industries (1)
2.2.5 bridge industries (1)
2.2.6 light industries (1)
2.2.7 ubiquitous (1)
2.2.8 market-orientated industries (1) (8 x 1) (8)

2.3
2.3.1 120 (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 2.2 million tons (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.3 KwaZulu-Natal / Mpumalanga / Eastern Cape (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.4 'the sugar belt receives sufficient rainfall' (2)
'regions produce cane under irrigation' (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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2.3.5 Environmental hazards such as droughts and floods (2)

High labour costs (2)
Labour strikes (2)
Sugar cane is prone to wild fires (2)
Fluctuating export prices (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.6 It provides employment to the people in the rural areas (2)

It is a source of raw materials for the sugar processing industries (2)
The refined sugar is exported to other countries and earns the country
foreign exchange (2)
It generates tax revenue for the country (2)
It has facilitated the development of infrastructure such as Dube trade
port for exports (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

2.4
2.4.1 Kwazulu-Natal/KZN (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.2 Sea transport (through the port/harbor) (1)
Air transport (through the International airport) (1) (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.3 World-class infrastructure specially designed to attract investors (2)
Reduced taxes and exemptions for particular products (2)
Government subsidies on electricity, wages and other services (2)
Direct link to harbours and airports for easy exports and imports (2)
Subsidising the training and upskilling of labour (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.4 Creation of job opportunities for both skilled and unskilled labour (2)
Reduction of the high unemployment rates of two municipalities (2)
Development of infrastructure for the people (2)
Attract investments to the local areas (2)
Improve the standard of living of the local people (2)
Develop the skills of local inhabitants (2)
Increase tourism potential to boost the local economy (2)
Export of goods to foreign markets earns foreign exchange (2)
The N3 corridor creates an easy between Dube Trade Port IDZ to the
huge market of Johannesburg (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2) (8)

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2.5
2.5.1 The sector that is not registered and does not pay taxes (SARS) (2)
(1 x 2) (2)
2.5.2 Street traders (1)
Micro-entrepreneurs (1)
Hawker trading (1)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 1) (2)

2.5.3 500 000 (1) (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.4 They earn more than some unskilled people in the formal sector (2)
Do not want to pay taxes (SARS) (2)
They can remain their own boss (2)
Freedom to determine working hours (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)

2.5.5 Access to funding from banks (2)

Provide buildings/more floor space/ infrastructure available (accept
examples) (2)
Upliftment of skills/ learnership/mentorship programmes (2)
Partnerships between private sector and informal sector (2)
Provide informal sector with more security (2)
Provide access to basic services (accept examples) (2)
Create more hygienic conditions (2)
Generate more incentives/tenders for informal sector (2)
Provide financial support/grants (2)
Provide access to legal aid (2)
Link them with private business for access to products (2)
Local Government amend bylaws and policies/permits to regulate the
sector (2)
[ANY THREE] (3 x 2) (6)

[60]

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Geography/P2 8 LimpopoDoE/September2022
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SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
3.1
3.1.1 B (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.2 C (1 x 1) (1)
3.1.3 Vertical Exaggeration (VE) = Vertical Scale (VS)
Horizontal Scale (HS)
= 1cm = 20m
1 : 50 000
= 1cm : (20 x 100) cm
1 : 50 000 ✓
= 1 : 2 000 ✓ (substitution)
1 : 50 000
=1 ÷ 1
2 000 50 000
=1 x 50 000
2 000 1

= 25 times ✓ (3 x 1) (3)

3.1.4 Difference in years : 2022 – 2013 = 9 ✓ years

Mean Annual Change : 4' ✓ W
Total change : 4' W x 9 = 36'✓ W
Mean Magnetic Declination in 2022 = 18°34' W
+✓ 36' W

= 19°10' W of TN ✓ (5 x 1) (5)

3.2
3.2.1 D (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.2 Availability of water for irrigation (2)
Flat land for cultivation (2)
Access to markets (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.3 Rural (1 x 1) (1)

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Geography/P2 9 LimpopoDoE/September2022
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3.2.4 Dwellings are isolated/dispersed (2)

Located where primary activities (farming) occurs (2)
Lack of services (2)
(ACCEPT EXAMPLES)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.2.5 Central place town (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.6 Gridiron (1 x 1) (1)
3.2.7 Advantage
Easy to lay out or plan (2)
Easy to direct (2)
Can be easily converted to one-way streets for smooth traffic flow (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

Disadvantage

Cause traffic congestion (2)

Monotonous (boring) because of many intersections (2)
Causes more accidents (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

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3.3

3.3.1 C (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.2 (a) Querying – Asking questions about /investigating a dataset to
determine relationships, shapes and other information.
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2) (2)

(b) To determine if there is a buffer zone/fence around the dam for

protection of people and animals (2)
Establish pollution levels of the water to avoid usage by people
(2)
Check presence of dangerous animals (accept examples) (2)
To determine the depth of the water in the dam to prevent
drowning (2)
To protect the aquatic ecosystems of the dam (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
3.3.3 The N17 / N11/ National road (1)
Infrastructure layer (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1) (1)
3.3.4 It is a national freeway (2)
It connects Ermelo to the other towns (Hendrina (32km)/Chrissiesmeer
(35km) (2)
It promotes trade between Ermelo and the other parts of the country (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)

[30]
TOTAL : 150

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