Sheep and Goat Production
Sheep and Goat Production
Sheep and Goat Production
SCIENTIFIC NAME
• Capra hircus - domestic goat
Inventory of Goat by Farm Type and Region,
Philippines As of 01 January and 01 July 2020–
2021
Inventory of Goat (Backyard)
Inventory of Goat (Commercial)
DISTRIBUTION
Advantages of Goat Production
a. Early maturity
-Goats can be bred as early as 8 months old and
produce milk five months after.
2 TYPES:
A. Inbreeding
A.1. Close breeding
A.2. Line breeding
B. Outbreeding
B.1. Crossbreeding
Systematic crossbreeding
Single cross
Three-way cross
Backcrossing
B.2. Upgrading
SYSTEMS OF FEEDING
The system of feeding in the country can be
categorized into five:
1. Tethering
2. Extensive
3. Intensive
4. Semi-intensive
5. Integration into crop agriculture
SYSTEM OF FEEDING
1. Tethering
2. Extensive system
3. Intensive system
4. Semi Intensive system
5. Integration into Plantation Agriculture
– Integration of Livestock into established
tree crops.
Integration into Plantation
Agriculture
• Benefits
– Increase soil fertility
– Control of waste herbage growth-minimize
labor for clearing herbage
– Possibility of high-crop yield
Housing
-Housing provisions are necessary.
1. Anglo Nubians
2. Boer
3. Saanen
4. Toggenburg
5. Alpine
6. Philippine Native
Nubian
a.k.a. Anglo-Nubian
-For identification
CULLING
• The process of eliminating undesirable
and unproductive animals in a herd and
they should be recommended for
slaughter
Recording
• Very important managemanet practice,
since most decisions in the farm are based
on records.
Identification
Breeding Bucks
• Two weeks before and during breeding
season – 0.45-0.9 kg concentrates
Young kids
• Milk replacer 0.5-1 l/day 3-5 times a day
for 2 weeks
FORAGES = are live plants eaten by goats w/c are naturally
growing or planted, they maybe grasses, shrubs, tree leaves,
food feed crops that can be given as 100% of the animals
diet.
CROP RESIDUES = these are waste products from crop
production that can either be fresh or dried, seasonally
abundant, have low feeding value and should not constitute
no more than ½ of the diet.
CONCENTRATES = are commercial formulation or agro-
industrial processing byproducts that have concentrated
amount of nutrients, they are often given in small amount
because of their high nutrient concentration and cost.
Recommended rate of concentrate
supplementation by age group.
AGE GROUP RECOMMENDATION
1 month – 3 months 25 -50 g ground corn
❖ Make sure that newly born kid or lamb are able to suck the
first milk (colostrums)of the doe or ewe
❖ If artificially fed make sure that feeding bottles are clean
and kids or lamb are provided at least 0.5 to 1.0 liter of
milk substitute over three feeding schedules a day
❖ (Milk replacer 0.5-1 l/day 3-5 times a day for 2 weeks)
❖ Provide vitamin mineral supplements
❖ Make clean water available anytime
❖ Make quality forage available starting at 2 weeks of age
❖ Provide concentrates with 18 to 22 % crude protein
gradually increasing the amount up to 0.2
kg/head/day at 4 month of age
FEEDING GUIDE FOR LACTATING DOES/EWES
Consumption Water
• 2-3 liters for every kg of DM
• Increases to 50% during latter stage of
gestation and during lactation
Crossbreeding
• Crossbreeding is recommended when
producing market lambs. While several
crossbreeding systems may be used a three-
breed rotational cross is the most desirable
for producing market lambs.
• Crossbred lambs have several advantages
over straight-bred lambs. They
– make more rapid gains.
– are more hardy and vigorous.
– have a lower mortality rate.
The advantages of using crossbred ewes
instead of straight-bred ewes include:
• greater fertility.
• higher lamb survival rate.
• higher lambing percentage.
• better milk production
Characteristics to look for when selecting the breed of
the ewe to use in a crossbreeding
• program include:
• early lambing ability.
• high lambing rate.
• greater ease of lambing.
• better maternal instinct.
• higher milk production.
• greater longevity.
• better wool quality and higher quantity of wool
produced.
• early sexual maturity.
• greater potential for accelerated lambing.
• good udder soundness.
Nutrition (Feeds and Feeding)
• Compared to goats (and cattle):
• Grazers rather than browsers, therefore, less
competitive when raised in shrub lands
• Less selective like cattle
• More sedentary (spend more time seating)
• Can select nutritious parts of plant better than
cattle
• Can walk long distances in search of feed
• Less adaptable to heat stress
• Less efficient than goats and water buffaloes in
utilizing fibrous roughages
The American Veterinary Medical Association
recommends lambs be docked at the distal
end of the caudal fold or longer to reduce the
incidence of rectal prolapse.
Management from Lambing to
Weaning
• Docking, or cutting off part of the tail, is one
of the first management practices performed
after lambing. Dock lambs between 3 and 10
days of age. Docked lambs stay cleaner and,
therefore, are less likely to get diseases or
parasites.
• Docking the tail too short can cause rectal
prolapse
• Docking may be done with a knife, burdizzo,
elastrator, emasculator, “all-in-one,” electric
docker, or hot docking iron.
• Care of the Breeder Ram
– Must be separated from rest of lambs at 3
mos. of age
– Selection is at 8-10 mos. of age
Care of the Pregnant Ewe and Newborn Lamb
– Records
– At least 1 week before lambing, keep in a confined
area for closer observation
– Signs of approaching parturition
– Fretful and nervous
– Flanks on either side of tail become hollow.
– Slight mucus discharge
– Paw her bedding around
– Restless
– Umbilical cord should be tied and cut 2-3 cm from the
base of the navel
– Afterbirth: passed out within 30 min to 4 h
• Care of the Lambs
– Ewe and lamb should be in confined area for 1 week
– After 1-2 weeks, they may run with the rest of the flock
• Dehorning
– Chemical method – potassium hydroxide – burn horn
tissue 2-5 cm in diameter
– Hot iron cautery – red-hot iron 1.3 cm in diameter
– Dehorner