1.

Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি third person singular number হয় তাহলে verb এর
শেলে s, es শযাগ হলে। দিন্তু অন্য শিান্ tense এর শেলে হলে ন্া।

• He eats rice.
• He plays football.

Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি plural number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেলে s/es শযাগ
হলে ন্া।

• They play football.

• They eat rice.

2. Present Indefinite Tense এর subject, third person singular number হলেও শেটি যদি
negative sentence হয় তাহলে does not েযেহৃত হলে। তখন্ verb এর শেলে s/es শযাগ হলেন্া।

• He does not go to school.

• Ashish does not eat rice.

3. Past tense or future tense হলে verb এর শেলে s/es শযাগ হলে ন্া। তখন্ শেই tense এর
structure অন্ুযায়ী verb েেলে।

• He went to school.
• He will go to school.

4. Modal Auxiliary verb (শযমন্: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to,
need, dare, have to, must etc.) এর পলর verb এর present form েলে এেং verb এর োলে শিান্
দিছু শযাগ হয় ন্া।

• He can do the work.

• I shall go to the school.
• You must come home.
• He should study hard.

5. োিযটি যদি universal truth (দিরন্তন্ েতয) হয়, habitual fact (অভ্যােগত িাজ) শোঝায় তাহলে
present indefinite tense হলে।

• The sun rises in the east.

• Ice floats on water.

6. Sentence টি passive voice হলে এেং modal auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, shall,
should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, have to, must etc.) এর পলর be + past participle
form of verb েলে।

• It can be done by you.

• All the fruits could be taken.

7. Had, rather, let, would better, had better, need not, do not, does not, did not, did never,
ইতযাদি এর পর present form of verb েলে।

• I let them use my shoes.

 • I had better go to the market by this time.
• I need not do the work.

8. োলিয have/has োিলে শেটি present perfect tense হলে।

• He has done the work.

• They have eaten rice.

9. Sentence এ yet, just, just now, recently, already, lately, ever ইতযাদি োিলে present perfect
tense হলে।

• He has taken his lunch just now.

• They have already come home.
• I have met him recently.
• Have you ever (be)—to the zoo? Have you not (receive)—my letter yet?

10. Sentence এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last year, last week, last month, that day, day
before, ইতযাদি োিলে past indefinite tense হলে।

• He came home
• I went to Cox's Bazar last month.
• A long time ago, there lived a poor farmer.
• The man (go)—London last week. He (leave)—home last night.

11. To এর পলর েেেময় verb এর present form েলে।

• You need to do the work in time.

• He went to the market to buy a shirt.
• You need to (go)—there. We have to (realise)—the importance of English.

12. Since ো for এর পর েমলয়র উলেখ োিলে শেটি present perfect continuous tense হলে।

• He has been doing the work since the morning.

• It has been raining for two hours.

অলন্িেণ ধলর এিটি িাজ িেলছ এরূপ েুঝালত for এেং অলন্ি আলগর শিান্ এিটি মুহত ূ ত
শেলি এিটি িাজ িেলছ এই অলে তsince েযেহৃত হলে তার পূেেতী ত verb এর present perfect
continuous tense হয় । যদি verb ন্া শেলি শিান্ Adjective োলি তাহলে তার পূলে তhave been
/ has been(present perfect tense) েলে ।
শযমন্:
✘Inc:- He is ill(adjective) for two months.
✔ Cort:-He has been ill for two months.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- It is raining for two hours.
✔ Cort:-It has been raining for two hours.
✘Inc:- ✘Inc:- She is reading in this school since 1989.
✔ Cort:-She has been reading in this school since 1989.
Since এর িুই পালে যদি িুটি শছাি োিয অেো clause োলি তাহলে প্রেম োিযটির verb হলে
present perfect Tense এর এেং এেং দিতীয় োিযটির verb হলে past indefinite.
শযমন্:
✘Inc:- Ten years passed since he has left the village.
 ✔ Cort:-Ten years have passed since he left the village.
✘Inc:- Two days passed away since he has died
Correct: Two days have passed away since he died.

13. If িারা যুক্ত clause টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পলরর clause টি future
indefinite tense হলে।

• If he comes, I’ll go.

• If you work hard, you’ll shine in life.

14. With a view to/look forward to এর পর verb এর োলে ing শযাগ হলে।

• I’m looking forward to getting a job.

• I went shopping with a view to buying a shirt.

15. By এর পর verb এর োলে ing শযাগ হলে।

• She expressed her feelings by crying.

• By digging the land, she planted trees.

16. For, of, in, without, with, before, after ইতযাদি preposition এর পলর verb এর োলে ing শযাগ
হয়।

• I’ve never been tired of going there.

• She can’t go without waiting for me.

17. Mind, would you mind, past, worth, could not help, cannot help এর পলর verb এর োলে ing
শযাগ হয়।

• Would you mind giving me the book?

• He cannot help doing the assignment.

18. Sentence এর শুরুলত যদি would that োলি তাহলে subject এর পর could েলে এেং এরপর
verb এর present form েলে।

• Would that I could be a writer like Humayun Ahmed.

• Would that I could buy a Toyota car.

19. To be/having/got োিলে verb এর past participle form হয়।

• The assignment is to be completed immediately.

• The thief ran away having seen the police.
• I got the certificates sent by the Headmaster.

20. ব্র্যালিলি (be) োিলে person, number এেং tense অন্ুযায়ী am/is/are/was/were/been হলে।

• It (be) two years ago.

• It was two years ago.
• Allah (be) everywhere.
 • Allah is everywhere.
• One of my friends (be) an honest person.
• One of my friends is/was an honest person.

21. েততমান্ িালে িেলছ এমন্ শিান্ িাজ শোঝালে present continuous tense হয়। (এেে শেলে
োধারণত at present/now/at the moment ইতযাদি adverb েযেহৃত হয়।)

• He is watching the Television at this moment.

• They are playing football.
• Now, they are doing their assignment.

22. If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite (if যুক্ত clause টি present indefinite tense হলে
পলরর clause টি হলে future indefinite)

• If you come, I’ll go.

• If you drink milk, you will be healthy.

23. যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পলরর clause টি শত subject এর
পর would/could/might েলে এেং verb এর present form হয়।

• If he came, I would go to the market.

• If I were rich enough, I would help the poor.

যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হয় তাহলে পলরর clause টি শত subject এর পর
would have/could have/might have েলে এেং verb এর past participle form হয়।

• If he had come, I would have gone to the market.

• If you had walked fast, you could have reached the station.

24. Wish/fancy/it is time/it is high time ইতযাদি োিলে verb এর past tense হলে।

• I wish I won the first prize.

• It is high time you changed your bad habits.
• I fancy I flew in the sky.

25. As if/as though োিলে were েলে।

• He speaks as if he were the leader.

• He acts as though he were a hero.

26. Each, every, everyone, any, anyone, many a, everybody, everything, anybody, nobody,
no one, nothing, anything, someone, something, one of, either, neither ইতযাদি োিলে verb
এর singular number েযেহৃত হয়।

• Each of the students was present.

• Every father dedicates his life to his children.
• One of the students was very talented.
• Neither of the two brothers was present in the class.

27. While এর পর verb োিলে শেটির োলে ing শযাগ হয়। দিন্তু while এর পর subject োিলে এর
অংেটি past continuous tense হয়।
 • While walking through the zoo, I saw a
• While it was raining, I was watching a movie.

28. অলন্ি েময় এিই স্থান্, দির্ঘযত ো পদরমাপ শোঝালে subject শিখলত plural মলন্ হলেও verb টি
singular form হয়।

• Twenty miles was a long way.

• Two hundred miles is not a long distance in this modern era.

29. Main clause এর verb টি past tense হলে ও পলরর অংলে next day, next week, next month,
next year ইতযাদি উলেখ োিলে subject এর পলর should/would েলে।

• He told that he would go home the next week.

• She said that she would buy land next year.

30. After এর পলরর এেং before এর আলগর clause টি past perfect tense হলে এেং অন্য clause
টি past indefinite tense হলে।

• The train had left the station before we reached.

• The doctor came after the patient had died.

31. Passive voice এর েময় tense ও person অন্ুযায়ী auxiliary verb ও verb এর past participle
form েলে।

• English is spoken all over the world.

• We are taught English by

32. েযদতক্রমগুলো ছাড়া Principle clause এর verb যদি past tense হয় তাহলে subordinate
clause এর verb ও past tense হলে এেং এিটি present tense হলে অন্যটিও present tense হলে।

• He was so ill that he would not go to the school.

• They understood that he would not come.

33. A). No sooner had +sub+verb(past participle)+ than + Past indefinite tense.
B). Scarcely had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense.
C). Hardly had + sub + verb(past participle) + When + Past indefinite tense.
শযমন্:
আদম শেেলন্ শপৌছলত ন্া শপৌছলতই শেন্ শছলড় দিে ।
= No sooner had I reached the station than the train left(past form).
= Scarcely had I reached the station when the train left(past form).
= Hardly had I reached the station when the train left(past form).

34. শিান্ িামন্া (wish, desire) েুঝালত subject এর আলগ may েলে । এমন্ োিযটিলি েলে
optative sentence.
শযমন্:
May you be happy
May Allah bless you –
35. অতীতিালের েম্ভােন্া প্রিাে িরলত would have + verb এর past participle েযেহৃত হয় ।
If you had not helped me , I would have failed in the examination.
অতীতিালে শিান্ িাজ র্ঘলিলছ এরুপ দন্শ্চিত অন্ুমান্ েুঝালত must have + verb past participle
েযেহৃত হয় ।
He didn't go to school yesterday , He must have been ill.
36. Lest িারা িুটি clause যুক্ত হলে পরেতী clause এর verb এর আলগ should েলে । ঐ verb টির
negative রুপ েযেহার িরা যায় ন্া ।
শযমন্:
Run fast lest(পালছ, ন্ইলে) you should miss the train.
✘Inc:- Work hard lest you will fail.
✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail.
✘Inc:- Work hard lest you ুু should not fail.
✔ Cort:-Work hard lest you should fail

37. েততমালন্ শিান্ িাজ েম্পন্ন হলয়লছ এরুপ অন্ুমান্ েুঝালে তখন্ verb এর future perfect tense
(Subject + shall / will + have + verb(past participle) ) ।
শযমন্:
- He will have reached barishal by this time.
েেয ির: এখালন্ by this time - িারা েততমান্ িাে েুঝালে । অেি verb এর future perfect tense
েযেহৃত হে । তার মালন্ এই ন্য় শয িাজটি future এর, অন্ুমান্ প্রিাে িরলত শগলে future perfect
tense এরুলপ েততমান্লি েুঝালত পালর
38. দন্দিত ষ্টভ্ালে েমলয়র উলেখ শন্ই এমন্ শিান্ োলিয যদি Always ,Regularly ,Often ,Generally
,Daily ,Everyday ,Sometimes ,Occasionally ,Normally ,Usually এেে োলি তাহলে Present
Indefinite tense হলে ।
Naim often visits his aunt in Dhaka.
Sometimes I go there.
Usually I wake up at 7 AM.
Rahman very often (come)—me.
Does he (read)—the newspaper daily?