Question Bank

Bioethics

Dr. Sawsan Alateek & Dr. Shimaa Ahmed

Lecture 1 (History of Bioethics):

1_ Bioethics is ______________.

a) The division of Ethics that relates to human acts.

b) The division of Ethics that relates to human rights.
c) The division of Ethics that relates to human cloning.
d) The division of Ethics that relates to human life.

2_ The purpose of research is:

a) To develop technology.
b) To develop new products.
c) To develop generalizable knowledge.
d) To develop technological development.

3_ _____________ is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation in

1947.

a) Belmont Report.
b) Nuremberg code.
c) Nazi experiments.
d) Declaration of Helsinki.

4_ Nuremberg Code was initiated based on:

a) Nazi experiments.
b) Belmont Report.
c) Tuskegee Study.
d) Declaration of Helsinki.

5_ Universal Declaration of Human Rights was based on:

a) Nuremberg Code.
b) Belmont Report.
c) Tuskeegee Study.
d) Declaration of Helsinki.
6_ Tuskeegee Study was a violation of:

a) Belmont Report.
b) Nuremberg Code.
c) Declaration of Helsinki.
d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

7_ _____________ mission is to advance public health through guidance on health

research and policy.

a) Belmont Report.
b) CIOMS.
c) Declaration of Helsinki.
d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

8_ Declaration of Helsinki was a statement of ethical principles for:

a) Medical research involves aromatic plants.

b) Medical research involves animal subjects.
c) Medical research involves human subjects.
d) Medical research involves human pathogens.

9_ The Belmont Report focus on the principles:

a) Genomics, Rights, and Justice.

b) Genomics, Beneficence, and Justice.
c) Injustice, Genomics and Respect for persons.
d) Justice, Beneficence, and Respect for persons.

10_ Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of Human subjects of
Research is:

a) Belmont Report.
b) CIOMS.
c) Declaration of Helsinki.
d) Nuremberg Code.

11_ Statement of ethical principles to all types of human subjects research is:

a) Belmont Report.
b) International Compilation of Human Research Standards.
c) Declaration of Helsinki.
d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
12_ Utilitarianism is the theory that we should act:

a) To bring about the best outcome for everyone who is affected.

b) According to a universal moral law.
c) According to the contract represented by our specific culture.
d) In the most practical way in the circumstances.

13_ The actions of Nazi officers and scientists directly led to:

a) the Belmont Report.

b) the creation of ethics codes in all major psychology societies.
c) the Nuremberg Code.
d) the Data Protection and Confidential Act.

14_ Which of the following was the most impactful ethical issue with the Tuskegee
study?

a) Data were not stored securely.

b) Participants were not informed of potential harm nor offered alternatives.
c) Neither confidentiality nor anonymity was maintained.
d) The researchers created fraudulent data.

15_ Which of the following is NOT one of the principles laid out in the Belmont
Report?

a) Respect.
b) Thinking.
c) Justice.
With My Best Wishes
d) Beneficence.
Sokkar
Lecture 2 (Ethics and Animals):

1_ Animals deserve to live their lives Free from :

a) Suffering.
b) Exploitation.
c) Experiment on.
d) All of the above.

2_ Result of Animal Research has benefit in:

a) Improve the quality of life for animals.

b) Improve the quality of life for humans.
c) Improve the quality of drugs and vaccines.
d) Improve the quality of life for animals and humans.

3_ The enforcing body of the animal welfare act is:

a) The United States of America.

b) The United States Department of Agriculture.
c) The United States Food and Drug Administration.
d) USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services.

4_ Animal Welfare Act is:

a) A series of laws regulating animal abuse.

b) A series of laws regulating animal activities.
c) A series of laws regulating animal treatments.
d) A series of laws regulating animal use for vaccines.

5_ People who violate The Animal Welfare Act:

a) Can be fined, banned, and imprisoned.

b) Can be sent on holiday.
c) Will be moved from house.
d) Will be retired.

6_ The regulations of the animal research ensure:

a) That animal is treated unfairly.

b) That animal is treated brutally.
c) That it's absolutely not necessary.
d) That animals are treated humanely.
7_ Peter Singer ethical theory and Animal rights:

a) It is not harmful for the animals.

b) It is used for the GOOD of society.
c) It is not going to benefit the community.
d) Its importance in the intention of the research not the consequences.

8_ Tom Regan ethical theory and Animal rights:

a) It is not harmful for the animals.

b) It is used for the GOOD of society.
c) It is going to benefit the community.
d) Its importance in the intention of the research not the consequences.

9_ What must happen if an animal is used in research and its life must be terminated?

a) A report must be written to the American Psychological Association explaining what

went wrong during the experiment.
b) The animal's life is to be terminated as quickly and as painlessly as possible.
c) The experiment must be terminated, and all animal subjects must be discharged
from the research experiment.
d) It is unethical to terminate an animal's life; studies with this possibility are not to be
conducted.

10_ Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is empowered

a) Law.
b) Federal law.
c) Animal Rights.
d) Human Rights.

11_ IACUC protocol review:

a) Humane experimental endpoints.

b) Animal living conditions.
c) Euthanasia appropriate methods.
d) All of the above.

12_ The American Veterinary Medical Association Panel has report about:

a) Guidelines for the Use of Fish in Research.

b) Use of Agriculture Animals.
c) Euthanasia.
d) Use of Laboratory Animals.
13_ Animal welfare groups are MOST likely against:

a) Eating meat.
b) Treating animals cruelly.
c) Using animals for experiments.
d) Using animals for human purposes.

14_ ______________ is MOST likely to support the use of animals for research or food as
long as the animals are treated humanely?

a) Animal rights.
b) Animal welfare.
c) PETA.
d) vegetarians.

15_ The Animal Welfare Act requires that tests be done using analgesia or
anesthetics for patients - this means they receive:

a) Hormones.
b) Pain medications.
c) Antibiotics.
d) Delicious food.

16_ Animal Welfare considers all of these EXCEPT:

a) Enrichment.
b) Research.
c) Preventative vet care.
d) All of these are considered in animal welfare.

17_ ____________ is the person who represents the general interests of the community in
the panel of IACUC.

a) Chairperson.
b) Non-affiliated Member.
c) Veterinarian.
d) Non-Scientific Member.

18_ In the U.S., Animals are currently _____.

a) the same thing as a homo sapiens.

b) not afforded any animal rights.
c) legal individuals.
d) not considered pieces of property. With My Best Wishes

Sokkar
Lecture 3 (Ethics and Humans):

1_ Applications of Biotechnology includes __________________________.

a) Scientific alterations in animals.

b) Scientific alterations in plants.
c) Scientific alterations in humans.
d) All of the above.

2_ Scientific alterations in humans possibilities including all the following EXCEPT:

a) Gene therapy.
b) Cloning animals.
c) Stem cell research.
d) Human cloning.

3_ Ethical concerns associated with genetic engineering applications including all

the following EXCEPT:

a) Playing God.
b) Potential Benefits vs. Risks.
c) Potential risks to future generations.
d) Unnatural interference with nature.

4_ Ethical concerns related to Biotechnology applications based on:

a) Potential risks to future generations.

b) Implications of genetic therapies.
c) Respect to life as “No interference with it”.
d) Society concerns.

5_ “Choose the gender of your baby” is an ethical concern of __________________.

a) Biotechnology applications.
b) Somatic therapy.
c) Germ line therapy.
d) Eugenics.

6_ What type of genetic therapy only affects the individual and does not pass on
changes to subsequent generations?

a) Stem cell therapy.

b) Somatic therapy.
c) Germ line therapy.
d) Gene editing therapy.
7_ What type of genetic therapy affects not only the individual but also the offspring?

a) Stem cell therapy.

b) Somatic therapy.
c) Germ line therapy.
d) Gene editing therapy.

8_ Potential impact of germ line therapy on subsequent generations is ______________.

a) It only affects the individual.

b) Changes are passed on to subsequent generations.
c) Changes are not passed on to subsequent generations.
d) Can result in desired traits.

9_ What is the primary concern of the Council for Responsible Genetics (CRG)
regarding germ-line therapy in humans?

a) Ethical implications.
b) Potential risks to future generations.
c) Legal restrictions.
d) Potential risks to the treated individuals.

10_ Eugenics contribute to _________________.

a) Improving the human gene pool.

b) Creating designer babies.
c) Enhancing animal traits.
d) Cloning humans.

11_ Aims of human cloning including all the following EXCEPT:

a) Reproducing outstanding humans in history.

b) Producing a fully developed human being for infertile couples.
c) Transplanting adult blood stem cells.
d) Creating replacement tissue (spare parts).

12_ “How will family relationships be redefined’ is an ethical concern of ____________.

a) Biotechnology applications.
b) Gene therapy.
c) Stem cell research.
d) Human cloning.
13_ What is the primary concern associated with the creation of 'replacement person'
and designer babies?

a) Legal restrictions.
b) Potential health risks.
c) Ethical implications.
d) None of the above.

14_ "Permissible to use human embryos in research", is an ethical concern of _________.

a) Biotechnology applications.
b) Gene therapy.
c) Stem cell research.
d) Human cloning.

15_ Which of the following is considered ethical in the context of stem cell research?

a) Heart/kidney transplants.
b) Repair of damaged tissues in the ill or injured.
c) Transplanting adult blood stem cells, in the form of bone marrow transplants.
d) All of the above.

16_ Research done on human subjects should be carried out in _______

a) Secret without any advertisement.

b) Professional and ethical ways.
c) Rigid ways and exploitation.
d) No respect for Human Dignity.

With My Best Wishes

Sokkar
Lecture 4 (Ethics in having Genetically Modified Bt-Maize):

1_ Genetically Modified Maize (Bt-corn) is _________________.

a) Herbicide-tolerant plant.
b) Insecticidal plant.
c) Hybrid plant.
d) Native plant.

2_ Bt-corn is called ___________.

a) MON501.
b) MON620.
c) MON777.
d) MON810.

3_ The gene added to generate insecticidal MAIZE was constructed from ____________.

a) E. Coli.
b) Streptomyces sp.
c) Bacillus thuringiensis.
d) Micrococcus sp.

4_ ________________ issued an Experimental Use Permit for field testing MON810; and it
later registered MON810 for commercial sale and use.

a) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

b) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).
c) World Health Organization (WHO).
d) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

5_ MON810 was subject to regulation primarily by ______________.

a) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

b) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS).
c) World Health Organization (WHO).
d) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

6_ Bt corn is ______________.

a) Toxic to broad-spectrum of insect species.

b) Toxic to certain insect species.
c) Toxic to certain worm species.
d) Toxic to certain animal species.
7_ The gene used to generate Bt-corn expresses the protein ______________.

a) Cry1Aa.
b) Cry1Ab.
c) Cry1Ac.
d) Cry1Ad.

8_ First generated MON810 was specifically developed for control of __________________.

a) Corn earworm (CEW).

b) European corn borer (ECB).
c) Southwestern corn borer (SWCB).
d) Nematode worm (NMW).

9_ The harvested Bt-corn product is used in __________.

a) Domestic foods.
b) Feed products.
c) Exported to numerous foreign countries.
d) All of the above.

10_ ___________ certified maize seed is grown in the U.S. for processing.

a) Very little.
b) A lot of.
c) None.
d) Many.

11_ To determine the potential allergenic ability or toxicity of Bt-corn, _____________ was
performed.

a) Polymerization test.
b) Digestion test.
c) Medical test.
d) Uria test.

12_ Sequence of ___________ amino acids is considered the minimum length of amino
acids that may constitute an allergen.

a) 3.
b) 5.
c) 8.
d) 14.
13_ To register the B-corn as commercial product, an assessment for _______________
was obtained.

a) Characteristics only.
b) Risks only.
c) Benefits only.
d) Both Risks and Benefits.

14_ One of the primary benefits of insecticidal plants that they will limit ______________.

a) Groundwater contamination.
b) Toxicity to non-target organisms.
c) Dietary risks to infants and children.
d) All of the above.

15_ Registration of plant pesticides have relied primarily on:

a) Their toxicity to target pests only.

b) Their toxicity to broad-spectrum of insects.
c) Their benefits more than their risks.
d) Their familiarity with the soil.

16_ What is the most important benefit of developing insect resistant plants?

a) Protects all parts of the plants.

b) The insecticides are biodegradable.
c) Reduces the need for other chemical insecticides.
d) The insecticides cannot infect the plant.

17_ Environmental assessment for genetically modified corn based on the ___________.

a) Nutritional value.
b) Non-target organism studies.
c) Mode of action.
d) Availability of benefits.

18_ What is hazard identification of Bt-corn?

a) Identify the effects of Bt-corn on the environment.

b) Determine the degradability of the Bt. toxin.
c) Determine the specificity of the toxin.
d) All of the above.
19_ Environmental risk assessment of Bt-maize is evaluated based on _________________.

a) Allergenicity to humans.
b) Toxicity to certain insect species.
c) Toxicity to humans.
d) Toxicity to broad-spectrum of insect species.

Question on Different Case Studies

1_ You are working on a research project, and you are concerned that there may be
ethical concerns. Your adviser says that it is okay. Which of the following is
appropriate action?

a) Ask your adviser to explain their view.

b) Contact other faculty/staff including the ethic committee.
c) Ask to see the ethics proposal.
d) All of these.

2_ Students may not be used in research if:

a) The research involves questions about illegal activity (e.g., illegal drug use).
b) They are receiving course credits for participation.
c) They are friends with any of the researchers involved in the study.
d) They are required to participate in order to receive a high grade.

3_ Cats occasionally require renal transplants to survive, so that, they required to

obtain a donor cat, and in most cases, the life of the donor cat may be sacrificed in
order to save the life of the cat needing the kidney. As a utilitarian person, what do
you think about this case study?

a) It is unethical as this will harm the donor cat.

b) It is unethical as this will harm both the cats.
c) It is ethical as this will save the pet cat and make her owners happy.
d) It is ethical as the intention of the case study was to save both cats.

With My Best Wishes

Sokkar