Grade 12 - Nâng Cao Từ Vựng - Cơ Bản

UNIT 1 ENVIRONMENT (1)
responsibility (n) /ri.spnn.síbil.s.ti/ trách nhiệm
Ex: The oil company has denied responsibility for the leak
contaminated (adj) /k9n'tem.i.neit/ ô nhiễm
Ex: The surface water in the Red River is contaminated

by organic pollutants such as oil waste and solids.
ecology (n) /i'knl.9.d3Ĩ/ sinh thái học
Ex: The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile

ecology of the coast.
fallout (n) /'fo:l.aut/ bụi phóng xạ, chất phóng xạ
Ex: China is amping up monitoring for signs of radioactive fallout from North Korea’s latest
nuclear test.
extinct (adj) /ik'stipkt/ tuyệt chủng
Ex: There is concern that the giant panda will soon

become extinct.
explode (v) /ik'spbud/ nổ tung
Ex: A parcel bomb, bound for Austin, Texas, exploded at a

FedEx distribution depot in the US state, early on Tuesday.
adverse (adj) /'^d.v3:s/ có hại, bất lợi

Ex: The match is likely to be cancelled because of
adverse weather conditions
threaten (v) /'0ret.3n/ đe dọa
Ex: Climate change threatens Britain's

crumbling transport system
preserve (v) /pri'z3:v/ bảo tồn
Ex: The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in

endangered species.
disappearance (n) /Idis.9'pi9.r3ns/ sự biến mất

Ex: Our planet is now in the midst of its sixth
mass disappearance of plants and animals.
Exercise
Complete each gap with the correct form of the word
These days it is (1) ______________ (possible) to open a newspaper without reading about the
damage we are doing to the environment. The earth is being (2) ______________ (threat) and the
future looks bad. What can each of us do? We cannot clean up our (3) ___________ (contaminate)
rivers and seas overnight. Nor can we stop the (4) _____________(appear) of plants and animals.
impact (v) (n) /'zm.p^kt/ ảnh hưởng
Ex: The IPCC Special Report on Global Warming highlights

climate impacts at the current ~ 1 °C global warming.
conservation (n) Ạkưn.sovei.pn/ sự bảo tồn
Ex: Energy conservation reduces your fuel bills and helps the environment.
irrigate (v) / ìr.i.geit/ tưới tắm (ruộng, đất ..)
Ex: The river irrigates the site and enables crops to
be transported for trade.
advocate (v) /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ ủng hộ

Ex: Many people advocate putting an end to the
production and use of plastic nylon bags.
suffer (v) /ˈsʌf.ər/ / chịu đựng, gánh chịu

Ex: About three million young Vietnamese people suffer
from mental and psychological problems.
drought (n) /draut/ hạn hán

Ex: This year a severe drought has ruined the crops in the north
of Vietnam.
exhaust fumes (n) /:g'zo:st fju:mz/ khí thải

Ex: Exhaust fumes are extremely dangerous and can kill
people who are exposed.
inhabit (v) /in'h^b.it/ trú ẩn, cư trú
Ex: These remote islands are inhabited only by birds.
hazardous (adj) /ˈhæz.ə.dəs/ nguy hiểm

Ex: Waste can harm the environment and be hazardous to
wildlife.
tackle (v) /ˈtæk.əl/ giải quyết, đối phó

Ex: Vietnamese government is taking measures to tackle
environmental pollution.
Quiz
Human population (1) ____________ (grow) may be seen to be at the root of virtually all of the
world’s (2) ____________ (environment) problems. Increasingly large numbers of people are
being added to the world every year. As the number of people increases, more (3) ____________
(pollute) is generated, more (4) ____________ (inhabit) are destroyed, and more natural resource
are used up.
biodiversity (n) /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ sự đang dạng sinh học
Ex: Australia, like all countries on earth is defined by its
biodiversity.
awareness (n) /əˈweə.nəs/ sự nhận thức

Ex: Environmental awareness has increased dramatically
over the past decade.
accompany (v) /s'kAm.ps.ni/ theo cùng

Ex: Higher than normal temperatures usually accompany periods of droughts.
damage (n) (v) /'ckcm.iclj/
thiệt hại
Ex: Vietnam suffered deadly damage from natural disasters last year, making it one of the
10 countries most severely affected.
pasture (n) /'pais.tjy/
bãi cỏ
Ex: The sheep were grazing on the lush green pastures.
đáng báo động
Ex: The rainforests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
wipe out (phrV) /waip/
tàn phá, phá hủy
Ex: Nearly half the planet's species could be wiped out by the end of this century.
landfill (n) /'l^nd.fil/ bãi chứa rác
Ex: 90 percent of American rubbish is dumped in landfill sites.
dump (v) /dAmp/
vứt bỏ, thải ra
Ex: Toxic chemicals continue to be dumped into the river.
jungle (n) /’dijAggV
rừng rậm nhiệt đới
Ex: The Yanomami people live in the South American jungle.Quiz
1. Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the_____
rate of loss of tropical rainforests.
A. alarm B. alarming
2. People’s_____of their influences on the environment may lead them to some
adverse courses of action.
A. awareness
B. aware
Vocabulary highlights
✓ responsibility (n): trách nhiệm
✓ contaminated (adj): ô nhiễm
✓ ecology (n): sinh thái học
✓ fallout (n): chất phóng xạ
✓ extinct (adj): tuyệt chủng
✓ explode (v): nổ tung
✓ adverse (adj): bất lợi
✓ threaten (v): đe dọa
✓ preserve (v): bảo tồn
✓ disappearance (n): sự biến mất
✓ impact (n): ảnh hưởng
✓ conservation (n): sự bảo tồn
✓ irrigate (v): tưới tắm
✓ advocate (v): ủng hộ
✓ suffer (v): chịu đựng
✓ drought (n): hạn hán
✓ exhaust fumes (n): khí thải
✓ inhabit (v): cư trú
✓ hazardous (adj): nguy hiểm
✓ tackle (v): đối phó
✓ biodiversity (n): sự đa dạng sinh học
✓ awareness (n): sự nhận thức
✓ accompany (v): theo cùng
✓ damage (n): sự thiệt hại
✓ pasture (n): đồng cỏ
✓ alarming (adj): báo động
✓ wipe out (phrV): phá hủy
✓ landfill (n): bãi rác
✓ dump (v): thải ra
✓ jungle (n): rừng rậm nhiệt đới
PRACTICE
Fill each gap in the sentences with one suitable word from the box.
ecology reactor
fallout dumped
waste environment
acid pollution
extinct contaminated
1. The world in which we live is our_________

2. Smoke, dirt and noise are types of_________
3. If man continues to hunt whales, they will shortly become___________
4. Every day rubbish and chemical are taken out to sea and_________it is
disgusting and should be stopped.
5. In many parts of the world trees and lakes are being destroyed by________rain.
6. At Chernobyl, in the USSR, there was an accident at a nuclear________. When it
exploded, large areas of surrounding countryside were_________and there was
__________all over Europe.
7. __________is the science that studies the relationship between life forms in
nature.
8. When uranium is used up, it has to be kept in the safe place. It is extremely
difficult to dispose of nuclear____________
Choose the best answer
Air Pollution
Air pollution is a (1)_______of ill - health in human beings. In a lot of countries
there are (2)_______limiting the amount of (3)__________
which factories can produce. (4) _________ there is not enough information on the
effects of smoke on the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes (5) diseases.
The gases from the (6)__________________________of cars have also increased
air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol produces a (7) _______ gas which is
often collected in busy streets
(8)_________by high buildings. Children who live in areas where there is a lot of
lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quickly as other children, and are clumsy
when they use their hands.
1. A. result B. cause C. effect
2. A. rules B. codes C. laws
3. A. smoke B. gas C. vapor
4. A. Although B. Because C. If
5. A. heart B. lung C. skin
6. A. pipes B. exhausts C. smoke
7. A. poisonous B. damaged C. ill

8. A. cut B. circled C. surrounded
Complete each blank with a word from the box

forest lawn
leaves peel
plant roots
seeds stone
trunks twig
1. We cut down the trees but then we had to dig up its_______.

2. The road goes through a beautiful pine____________.
3. When Tom was eating a cherry, he accidentally swallowed the________.
4. In autumn, these paths are covered in fallen________.
5. Who is going to cut the______while I am away?
6. We bought Diana a beautiful indoor________for her birthday.
7. A tree fell, and its massive______blocked the road.
8. Harry buys_________and grows all his own vegetables.
9. The birds were carrying a_____to build its nest.
10. Some people like eating orange________
It may not be easy to change your lifestyle (1)______________(complete) but
some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of (2)_____________(drive) you
do, or use as little plastic as possible. It is also easy to save energy which also reduces (3) (house)
bills. We must all make a personal (4)____________________________________
(decide) to work for the future of our planet if we want to (5)_________(sure) a
better world for our grandchildren.
UNIT 2 ENVIRONMENT (2)
pollutant (n) /pa'lu:.t3nt/

chất ô nhiễm
Ex: The conference highlighting the increasing risks posed by air pollutants was organized by
WWF-Pakistan.
poisonous (adj) /'poi.z3n.as/ có độc, độc hại
Ex: A couple who ate poisonous mushrooms were transferred to a medical clinic in France by the
Cyprus state, reports said on Saturday.
fertilizer (n) /'f3:.ti.lai.zar/
phân bón
Ex: The prices for farm equipment, fertilizer and fuel climb relentlessly.
litter (v) /'lit.a7
xả rác
Ex: Regulations imposing heavy fines of up to VNĐ7 million on those who litter in public areas have
been in effect for a year-and-a-half.
landscape (n) Z'lsnd.skeip/
phong cảnh
Ex: The garden has been designed to harmonize with the natural landscape.
cliff (n) /klif/
vách đá
Ex: Keep away from the edge of the cliff - you might fall. the cliff edge.
illegal (adj) /i'li:.g9l/ bất hợp pháp
Ex: Provincial fish and wildlife officers are seeking information on two separate cases of illegal
hunting activity in the province.
marine (adj) /ma'ri:n/ dưới nước, dưới biển
ocean current (n) z.aojn 'k3:rant/
dòng hải lưu
Ex: Ocean currents are actually primarily driven by the winds.
disperse (v) /di'sp3:s/ rải rác, phân tán
Ex: Once the seeds are released into the air, the wind quickly disperses them.
Quiz
1. Habitats in San Francisco Bay are impaired by_______including mercury.
A. pollutants B. pollution
2. The atmosphere surrounding this dispute has gradually changed from fraught to
A. illegal B. poisonous
3. Darren looked up at the ceiling fan________his cigarette smoke as it hit.
A. approaching B. dispersing
sprayer (n) /'sprei.aV
bình phun thuốc
Ex: At the same time, farmers are still looking for efficiency and capacity in sprayers.
irritate (v) /'ir.i.teit/ kích thích
Ex: In addition to reducing visibility, smog makes the eyes smart and irritates the respiratory
system.
deforestation (n) /di:fbr.i'stei.Jbn/
sự tàn phá rừng
Ex: Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest.
die out (phrV) biến mất, mất dần
Ex: Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
predator (n) Z'pred.a.taV
động vật ăn thịt
Ex: With fewer natural predators in the city than the forests, the frogs are free to call as loudly as
they want without fear of being detected.
erosion (n) Zi'rao.jan/
sự xói mòn
Ex: The city of Mentor is trying to gain ground in the fight against erosion.
fell (v) /fel/ đốn chặt
Ex: A man was killed Sunday afternoon when a tree fell on him while he was felling trees on his
property in Jackson Township, Indiana.
logging (n) /'Ing.ig/ việc đốn gỗ
Ex: The rule changes will allow logging of the last old-growth trees in many of the northwest forests.
terrestrial (adj) /ta'res.tri.al/ trên mặt đất
Ex: Around 15% of the world’s terrestrial area is better safeguarded by conservation measures.
vanish (v) /'vsn.if/
biến mất
Ex: Meanwhile, forest-dependent birds have largely vanished.
Quiz
1. Dolphins enjoy relatively lower travel costs than do the________mammals.
A. terrestrial B. vanishing
2. China accounts for 30% of the wood exported from Brazil’s_______operations.
A. dying out B. logging
3. A great number of trees were_______to provide space for grazing.
A. felled B. irritated scarcity (n) /'skea.sa.ti/
sự khan hiếm
Ex: More than 2.7 billion people around the globe currently suffer from water scarcity, according to
World Wildlife Fund.làm suy thoái
Ex: However, one third of the world’s soil is degraded.
the brink/ verge of extinction /briqk/ V3:d3 av ik'stiqk.f’n/
bờ vực của sự tuyệt chủng
Ex: India's national aquatic animal is on the verge of extinction.impose (v) /im'paoz/
áp đặt
Ex: Imposing petrol tax is known as a measure that the government can take to curb car use.
sự màu mỡ
Ex: Every farmer should soil test their land every three to five years to gain a full and true
understanding of actual soil fertility levels.
depletion (n) /di'pli:.Jsn/ sự suy giảm
Ex: Ozone layer depletion has increased snowfall over Antarctica in recent decades.
carbon footprint (n) /,ka:.b3n 'fot.piiiitz
lượng khí thải cacbon
Ex: Different studies highlight that there are four effective ways to cut on your individual carbon
footprint.làm nghiêm trọng hơn
Ex: The influx of many more new residents will aggravate existing parking and traffic problems.
evaporate (v) /i'vsp.9r.eit/ làm bay hơi
Ex: Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from their leaves.discharge (v)
/dis'tfa:d3/
thải ra
Ex: Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged daily by the factory.
Quiz
1. The_______of mangroves has also affected the fish wealth of the State
A. evaporation B. depletion
2. Even a slight traffic accident or a train delay__________the problems and stress.
A. aggravates B. deters
3. 13 rare animals that are teetering______the brink of extinction.
A. in B. on
✓ pollutant (n): chất ô nhiễm
✓ poisonous (adj): có độc, độc hại
✓ fertilizer (n): phân bón
✓ litter (v): xả rác
✓ landscape (n): phong cảnh
✓ cliff (n): vách đá
✓ illegal (adj): bất hợp pháp
✓ marine (n): dưới biển
✓ ocean current (n): dòng hải lưu
✓ disperse (v): rải rác
✓ sprayer (n): bình phun thuốc
✓ irritate (v): kích thích
✓ deforestation (n): sự tàn phá rừng
✓ die out (phrV): biến mất dần
✓ predator (n): dã thú
✓ erosion (n): sự xói mòn
✓ fell (v): đốn chặt
✓ logging (n): việc đốn ngã
✓ terrestrial (adj): trên mặt đất
✓ vanish (v): biến mất
✓ scarcity (n): sự khan hiếm
✓ degrade (v): làm suy thoái
✓ the brink/ verge of extinction (n): bờ vực của sự tuyệt chủng
✓ impose (v): áp đặt
✓ fertility (n): sự màu mỡ
✓ depletion (n): sự suy giảm
✓ carbon footprint (n): lượng khí thải cacbon
✓ aggravate (v): làm nghiêm trọng hơn
✓ evaporate (v): làm bay hơi
✓ discharge (v): thải ra
PRACTICE
Fill each gap in the sentences with one suitable word from the box.
irrigated blown
dry normal
because of suffer
drops wells
a causes
Drought is a condition that results when the average rainfall for a fertile area (1)_______
far below the normal amount for (2)______long period of time. In areas that are not (3)
________, the lack of rain (4)____farm crops to wither and die. Higher than (5) temperatures usually
accompany periods of droughts. They add to the crop damage. Forest fires start easily during droughts, the
soil of a drought area becomes (6) _____and crumbles. Often the rich topsoil is (7) away by a hot, dry,
winds. Streams, ponds, and (8)__often dry up during a drought, and animals (9)
_________and may even die (10)______________the lack of water.
Water is our life source. It makes up 70 per cent of (1)______bodies, and the average
person actually spends 18 months of his life (2)_____the bath of shower. But we are only
now learning how to look (3)_______water. Acid rain (4)_______polluted as many as
18,000 lakes and our seas and rivers are polluted with waste products. It is now (5)_____
expensive to try to repair the damage which has been done. We have some hope for the future, though, (6)
______________________new sources of water have been discovered. People (7)______
in the Sahara Desert have (8)_______fish swimming in deep underground steam.
Scientists also believe (9)_________is a huge lake underneath London. If we have (10)
________anything from our mistakes; we will try to keep these new areas of water clean.
Water Pollution
Estimates suggest that nearly 1.5 billion people lack safe (1)___________(drink) water
and that at least 5 million (2)_________(die) per year can be attributed to waterborne
diseases. Water (3)________(pollute) may come from point or non-point sources. Point
sources discharge (4)____________(pollute) at specific (5)_________(locate) - from, for
example, factories, sewage treatment plants, or oil tankers. The technology exists for point sources of
pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may complicate matters. Non - point
sources - runoff water (6)_______________________________________(contain)
pesticides and fertilizers from acres of (7_________(agriculture) land, for example - are
much more difficult to control. Pollution arising from non-point sources accounts for a (8) (major)
of the contaminants in streams and lakes. With almost 80 percent
of the planet covered by oceans, people have long acted as if those bodies of water could serve as a (9)
__________________(limit) dumping ground for wastes. Raw sewage, garbage, and oil
spills have begun to overwhelm the diluting (10) ________(capable) of the oceans, and
most coastal waters and now polluted.
Fill each gap in the sentences with one suitable word or phrase
On the other hand range
undergo fabrics
distinguish environments
1. The simplest plants and animals are often difficult to___________from each other. In
more complex plants and animals, however, clear differences can be observed.
2. Plants inhabit all sorts of__________
3. They are the source of________and of various building materials.
4. Some of the simplest plants consist of little more than a single cell.____________,
more complex plants consist of millions of cells, which vary greatly in shape and perform many different
functions.
5. Plants and animals are similar in that both__________growth and react to external
stimuli.
Plants in size from microscopic to giant trees more than 300 feet tall.UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENT (3)
meat - eating (adj) /mi:t i:tig/

ăn thịt
Ex: He caught the meat-eating South American fish while angling near
Mechelen, in northern Belgium.
dwell (v) /dwel/ cư ngụ
Ex: Those species which are more expensive for the vessels to catch, because they dwell deeper in
the ocean.
flash flood (n) /.flffif 'íÌAd/ trận lụt đột ngột
Ex: The unusually heavy rain caused flash floods in several mountain villages.
humanitarian aid (n) /hjwmsn.i'tea.ri.an eid/ sự viện trợ nhân đạo
Ex: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid on Monday distributed 44 tons of food among 3,600
people.
solar panel (n) /.sao.la 'psn.3l/ tấm năng lượng mặt trời
Ex: Solar panels are used to power satellites.
tame (adj) /teim/ đã thuần hóa
Ex: After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame.
primitive (adj) / 'prim.i.tiv/ nguyên thủy, sơ khai
Ex: The spiny anteater is a mammal, although a very primitive one.
culprit (n) /'kAl.prit/ nguyên nhân, thủ phạm
Ex: Burning fossil fuels - which emit carbon dioxide, the main culprit for climate change - is a
major driver of air pollution.
acid deposition (n) /'ss.id .dep-a'zipan sự lắng đọng axit
Ex: Acid deposition is an imminent threat for those in Hawaii dealing with emissions from the
Kilauea volcano.
reservoir (n) /'rez.9.vwa:r/ hồ chứa, bể chứa
Ex: A new state-of-the-art reservoir is set to start supplying Stoke-on-Trent with water within the
next three months.
Quiz
1. The real_______is poverty, disease and starvation.
A. culprit
B. aid
2. Air-breathing in fish is, in fact, a________character of all osteichthyans.
A. tame
B. primitive
3. All manner of sea life_________in this remarkable sanctuary.
A. dwells
B. removes
indiscriminate (adj) /.in.di'skrim.i.nat/ bữa bãi
Ex: The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems.
devastate (v) /'dev.a.steit/
tàn phá, phá hủy
Ex: The town was devastated by a hurricane in 1928.
regeneration (n) /ri.djen-a'rerjan/ sự tái sinh, phục hồi
Ex: Logging can generally occur in forests without a regeneration plan in place.
thrive (v) /ỡraiv/
phát triển, thịnh vượng
Ex: It is found that the crops cultivated are thriving well.
decompose (v) /Iđi:.kam'p90z/
phân hủy
Ex: Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
incinerate (v) /in'sin.9r.eit/
thiêu, đốt thành tro
Ex: The company is accused of incinerating hazardous waste without a license.
reptile (n) /'rep.tail/ loài bò sát
Ex: Reptiles are cold-blooded animals - they need the sun to stay warm.
wither (v) /'wiỗ.9r/
làm khô, héo quắt lại
Ex: Hot, dry weather withered the peanut crop in the southeast.
domesticate (v) /da'mes.ti.keit/ thuần chủng
Ex: Dogs were probably the first animals to be domesticated.
hatch (v) /hfôtJ7
nở trứng
Ex: The birds hatched out the next afternoon.Quiz
1. The battle for Manila lasted two weeks and_______the city and its population.
A. devastated
B. hatched
2. One of the effects of acid rain is that it causes plants to_______.
A. thrive B. wither
3. CoCo View_______its garbage, and the strong smoky smell often permeated the
rooms.
A. incinerates B. domesticates
prey (n) /prei/ con mồi
Ex: A hawk hovered in the air before swooping on its prey.
activated carbon (n) /'ffik.ti.veitid 'ka:.b9n/
than hoạt tính
Ex: The activated carbon filters can be examined for evidence of trace gases.
catalyze (v) /'Ikct/l.aiz/
xúc tác
Ex: It was thought that only proteins could catalyze reactions in cells.
poach (v) /paotf/
săn bắn trộm
Ex: The farmer claimed that he shot the men because they were poaching on his land.
menace (n) /'menas/ mối nguy hại
Ex: Plastic bags are a menace to marine environments because they don't break down quickly.
proliferation (n) /pra.lifa'reijn/
sự gia tăng nhanh chóng
Ex: Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of
nuclear war.
tainted (adj) /'teintid/
bẩn
Ex: It’s urgent that fishes be transferred from tainted ponds to clean water
unleaded (adj) /.An'ledid/
không chứa chì
Ex: Unleaded petrol is less harmful to the environment.
whaling (n) /'weilig/ việc săn bắt cá voi
Ex: Japan argues that whaling is a cultural tradition practiced by the Japanese for centuries.
incalculable damage (n) /in'kffilkjalabl 'dsmidj/ thiệt hại không đếm xuể
Ex: The earthquake and tsunami happened a few years ago in Japan caused incalculable damages
to the whole nation.
Quiz
1. Shifting cultivation has brought______damage to the forest.
A. incalculable B. primitive
2. Pollution, noise,______food, plastics, celebrity boxing - we live in an alarmingly
toxic environment.
A. unleaded B. tainted
3. To ease the burden of plastic_____in the city of Bengaluru, a local NGO,
Swachha, has come up with an innovative solution.
A. proliferation
B. menace
✓ meat - eating (adj): ăn thịt
✓ dwell (v): cư ngụ
✓ flash flood (n): trận lụt đột ngột
✓ humanitarian aid (n): sự viện trợ nhân đạo
✓ solar panel (n): tấm năng lượng mặt trời
✓ tame (adj): đã thuần hóa
✓ primitive (adj): nguyên thủy
✓ culprit (n): nguyên nhân
✓ acid deposition (n): sự lắng đọng axit
✓ reservoir (n): hồ chứa
✓ indiscriminate (adj): bữa bãi
✓ devastate (v): tàn phá
✓ regeneration (n): sự phục hồi
✓ thrive (v): phát triển
✓ decompose (v): phân hủy
✓ incinerate (v): thiêu
✓ reptile (n): loài bò sát
✓ wither (v): héo quắt lại
✓ domesticate (v): thuần chủng
✓ hatch (v): nở trứng
✓ prey (n): con mồi
✓ activated carbon (n): than hoạt tính
✓ catalyze (v): xúc tác
✓ poach (v): săn bắn trộm
✓ menace (n): mối nguy hại
✓ proliferation (n): sự gia tăng nhanh chóng
✓ tainted (adj): bẩn
✓ unleaded (adj): không chứa chì
✓ whaling (n): việc săn bắt cá voi
✓ incalculable damage (n): thiệt hại không đếm xuể
PRACTICE
Fill each blank with one word in the box.
production cutoff
failures shortage
famine farmland
diseases rainfall
food events
Famine is a prolonged food (1)__________that causes widespread hunger and death.

Throughout history, (2)________has struck at least one area of the world every few
years. Most of the developing nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America have barely enough (3)for their
people. Millions in these countries go hungry. When
food (4)__________or imports drop for any reason, famine may strike and thousands
or millions of people may die. Many famines have more than one cause. For example, the great Bengal
famine of 1943 in Eastern India was caused by both natural and historical (5) . World War II created
a general food shortage and led to the
(6)_______of rice imports from Burma, which had been occupied by the Japanese.
Then a cyclone destroyed much (7)__________. Famine struck, and more than 1
million person died. Nearly all famines result from crop (8)__________. The chief
causes of crop failure include (a) drought (prolong lack of rain), (b) too much (9) and flooding, and (c)
plant (10)____________________________________and pests. Many other factors may also help create
a famine.
Complete each gap in the passage with the correct form of the word in brackets
Recycling is the (1)___________(collect), processing, and reuse of materials that
would otherwise by thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to (2) (break) glass, from old
newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The (3) (recycle) process reclaims the original material and
uses it in new (4)
_________(produce). It general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less
energy than (5)________________________(use) new materials. Recycling can also
reduce pollution, either by (6)___________(reduce) the demand for high - pollution
alternatives or by minimizing the amount of (7)____________(pollute) produced
during the manufacturing process. Recycling decreases the amount of land needed for trash dumps by
reducing the volume of (8)_______________________(discard) waste.
1. Many species of animals and plants today are________.
A. endangered B. in risk
C. risky D. under danger
2. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has_________many rare species.
A. devastated B. extincted
C. cancelled D. wiped out
3. A tropical rain forest, once destroyed can never be______
A. recovered
regeneratedC. repaired
D.replaced
4. Waste paper can be
instead of being burnt.
A. decomposed
B. incinerated
C. recycled
D. revamped
5. There are over 850,000 named
of insects on this planet.
A. families
B. colonies
C. species
D. varieties
6. The lioness lay in wait for her
A. game
B. prey
C. target
D. victim
7. Cattle and chickens are
animals.
A. domesticated
B. house - broken
C. tame
D. wild
8. Your cat has scratched me with its
A. claws
B. hoofs
C. nails
D. paws
9. We saw a huge
of birds through our binoculars.
A. flock
B. herd
C. pack
D. shoal
10. Much of our knowledge about evolution comes from the study of
A. artefacts
B. fossils
C. relics
D. ruinsUNIT 4 ENVIRONMENT (4)
curb (v) /k3:b/

ngăn chặn
Ex: The Government should act to curb tax evasion.
offset (v) /.nf'set/
làm giảm đi
Ex: The price of petrol products was offset by a decline in motor vehicle prices.
domestic waste (n) /da'mes.tik /weist/
rác thải sinh hoạt
Ex: A new online service designed as the one-stop-shop for all matters relating to domestic waste
energy - efficient (adj) /'en.a.dji.i.fipnt/ tiết kiệm năng lượng
Ex: We need to become more energy efficient so that we don't generate power just to waste it.
environmentalist (n) /in,vai.r9n'men.t9l.ist/
nhà môi trường học
Ex: Some environmentalists argue for a return to a pre-industrial society.
food chain (n) /'fu:d ,tjein/ chuỗi thức ăn
Ex: As a result of this, they contaminate poultry carcases and enter the human food chain.
lush (adj) /1AJ7
tươi tốt, xum xuê
Ex: The lake, with its lush scenery, is a favorite with canoeists.
greenhouse gas (n) /igri:n.haơs 'gss/ khí nhà kính
Ex: We need a global system for limiting greenhouse gas emissions.
renewable (adj) /ri'nju:.9.bsl/ có thể tái tạo
Ex: Sorghum is a brand new cash crop that can be burned as a fuel and is therefore a renewable source of
energy.
ecotourism (n) /'i:.kaoito9.ri.zsm/
du lịch sinh thái
Quiz
1. The purpose of_______is to give patrons the opportunity to observe animals in the
wild engaging in typical behaviors.
A. ecotourism B. ecosystem
2. The Shongweni is situated among______scenery, overlooking Kirk Falls.
A. renewable B. lush acid rain (n) z.ss.id 'rein/
mưa axit
Ex: In the early 1980s acid rain became the favorite cause of doom.
moisture (n) /'mois.tjy/
hơi ẩm
Ex: These plants need a rich soil that retains moisture.
deposit (v) /di'pnz.it/
kết tủa, lắng
Ex: The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area.
condense (v) /kan'dens/
làm đặc lại, tụ lại
Ex: Water vapor in the air condenses into fog.
contract (v) /'knntrskt/
thu nhỏ lại
Ex: As it cooled, the metal contracted.
glacier (n) /'glss.i.aV
sông băng
Ex: Some glaciers are so small you can walk over them in one or two hours.
integrity (n) /in'teg.ra.ti/ sự vẹn nguyên
Ex: Trees protect the soil beneath them; thus, tree loss can affect soil integrity.
intercept (v) /.in.ta'sept/
chặn
Ex: The canopy prevents surface runoff by intercepting heavy rainfall so that water can drip down
slowly onto the porous earth.
aquatic (adj) /a'kwst.ik/
dưới nước
Ex: Logging can also damage aquatic habitats.sự bảo vệ
Ex: Trees provide a natural defense against a pollution.
Quiz
1. Animals have eyes adapted to the hues of their_______home.
A. dense
B. aquatic
C. huge
2. When a______meets the ocean, parts of it break off.
A. glacier
B. interception
integritydiurnal (adj) /,dai'3:.nal/ thuộc về ban ngày
Ex: Diurnal animals, including squirrels and songbirds, are active during the daytime.
nocturnal (adj) /nnk't3:.n9l/
thuộc về đêm
Ex: They are nocturnal creatures, which helps them avoid predators such as hawks and owls.
migration (n) Zmai'grerjbn/
sự di cư
Ex: During migration season, birds pack the wetlands at the edge of the Salton Sea.
windswept (adj) /'wind.sweptZ
lộng gió
Ex: We drove along the windswept coast of Big Sur in Southern California.
severity (n) /si'ver.a.ti/
sự khắc nghiệt
Ex: He says climate change may be increasing the severity of storms.
Ex: Forests and forest soils are more susceptible to the effects of acid rain.
prolific (adj) /pra'lif.ik/
sinh sản nhiều
Ex: Rabbits and other rodents are prolific.
sparse (adj) /spa:s/
thưa thớt
Ex: Although the lake contains high mineral levels, plant growth is sparse.
breeding season (n) /'bri:.dig 'si:.z9n/
mùa sinh nở
Ex: Many fish fight with each other, especially during the breeding season.
resilient (adj) /ri'zil.jant/
kiên cường
Ex: Successful desert plants are resilient to scorching summers and frigid winters, drought, and
high - salt conditions.
Quiz
1. The plants' principal______against these environmental stressors consists of
drawing in as much water as possible while minimizing moisture loss.
A. defense
B. severity
2. They are some of the most diverse and______vegetation in the area.
A. nocturnal
B. prolific
✓ curb (v): ngăn chặn
✓ offset (v): giảm đi
✓ domestic waste (n): rác thải sinh hoạt
✓ energy - efficient (adj): tiết kiệm năng lượng
✓ environmentalist (n): nhà môi trường học
✓ food chain (n): chuỗi thức ăn
✓ lush (adj): tươi tốt
✓ greenhouse gas (n): khí nhà kính
✓ renewable (adj): có thể tái tạo
✓ ecotourism (n): du lịch sinh thái
✓ acid rain (n): mưa axit
✓ moisture (n): hơi ẩm
✓ deposit (v): lắng
✓ condense (v): tụ lại
✓ contract (v): thu nhỏ
✓ glacier (n): sông băng
✓ integrity (n): sự vẹn nguyên
✓ intercept (v): chặn
✓ aquatic (adj): dưới nước
✓ defense (n): sự bảo vệ
✓ diurnal (adj): thuộc về ban ngày
✓ nocturnal (adj): thuộc về đêm
✓ migration (n): sự di cư
✓ windswept (adj): lộng gió
✓ severity (n): sự khắc nghiệt
✓ susceptible (adj): dễ bị ảnh hưởng
✓ prolific (adj): sinh sản nhiều
✓ spare (adj): thưa thớt
✓ breeding season (n): mùa sinh nở
✓ resilient (adj): kiên cường
PRACTICE
Fill in each gap with the correct form of the verb in the box.
lay search
be mean
exist live
carry move
depend suit
Ants (1)_____________on our planet for millions of years. An ant is an insect, which
(2) ______it has six legs and three body sections. Ants are similar to man in that they
(3) __________to living in nearly all environments. Ants are social creatures, (4)
________together in big groups. Each ant (5)_________out its own special task in the nest. The queen ant
normally lives in the center of the nest and (6)________thousands of
eggs each year. The worker ants are industrious; (7)__________for food and guarding
the nest. An ant nest (8)_____a constant buzz of activity, with ants (9)__________
about in all directions. Needless to say, the ants (10)_________on one another for
their survival and safety.
Complete each gap in the passage with one suitable preposition.
Energy Production
The world cannot continue to rely (1)_______the burning of fossil fuels for much of
its industrial production and transportation. Fossil fuels, are in limited supply: in addition, when burned
they contribute (2)__________________________global warming, air pollution, and
acid rain. Nuclear energy as an alternative is opposed (3)______many because of the
massive devastation an accident can cause. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986
scattered radioactive contamination (4)________________________a large part of
Europe. Approximately 135,000 people were evacuated, and human health has been dramatically affected.
The World Health Organization released a report (5) _______________________late
1995 attributing the explosive increase in childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia
directly to the accident.
Read the passage and choose the best answer
The Meadow Park Zoo, which (1) _____three months ago, is already (2) ______large
numbers of visitors. The zoo has (3)________especially popular with families. "My
children were delighted when they (4)_______here last month,” said one mother. "So
they (5)________me to bring them back today. “The new zoo is quite small,
compared with other similar (6) ______. You will not find any large and dangerous
animals such as (7)_______or tigers in cages. Instead, there is a children's zoo, where
children can handle little animals like rabbits and (8) ______. They can also have
rides on a camel, a (9) _______or an elephant. The zoo has a working farm, too, with
cows, sheep, (10) ___, ducks and chickens.
___
1. A. open B. opens
C. opening D. opened
2. A. attract B. attracts
C. attracting D. attracted
3. A. prove B. proves
C. proving D. proved
4. A. come B. comes
C. coming D. came
5. A. persuade B. persuades
C. persuading D. persuaded
6. A. attractions B. events
C. parties D. schools
7. A. rats B. birds
C. lions D. fish
8. A. crocodiles B. mice
C. hippos D. bears
9. A. pig B.snake
C. tiger D. horse
10. A. monkeys B. hippos
C. tigers D. goats
UNIT 5 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (1)
advancement (n) /ad'va:ns.mant/ sự tiến bộ

Ex: The technological advancement has taken a different shape in the African region with its own
blockchain narrative.
activate (v) /'ffik.ti.veit/ kích hoạt
Ex: The alarm is activated by the lightest pressure.
accumulate (v) /a'kju:.mja.leit/
tích lũy
Ex: During our six years in this house, we seem to have accumulated a pile of old mobile phones.
conventional (adj) /kan'ven.yn^l/ theo truyền thống
Ex: Conventional skills can be a great source of inspirations for modern technologies development.
virtual world (n) /'v3:.tfu.al W3:ld/ thế giới ảo
Ex: Video game technology invite players into a virtual world of fantasy, sport and even war.
satellite (n) /'sst.3l.ait/
vệ tinh
Ex: The World Cup was transmitted around the world by satellite.
sedentary (adj) /'sed.9n.t9r.i/
thụ động
Ex: Spending too much time using the advanced technology gadget leads to a sedentary lifestyle.
inevitable (adj) /i'nev.i.ta.b3l/
không thể tránh khỏi
Ex: When you’re spending too much time playing games, it's inevitable that your eye sight will start
to suffer.
isolation (n) Ạai.sTei.pn/
sự cô lập
Ex: The state-of-the-art technology can increase the isolation among people.
billboard (n) /'bil.bo:d/ áp phích quảng cáo
Ex: The company advertises on TV, the Internet, and billboards, so you sell more.
Quiz
1. At the entrance to Golden Gate Park stands a________, twenty feet high and a
hundred feet long.
A. billboard B. isolation
2. Recent_______in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured.
A. advances B. advancement immerse (v) Zi'm3:s/
đắm chìm
Ex: They will immerse themselves in virtual world and lack social interaction as they used to.
advent (n) Z'ffid.ventZ sự xuất hiện, ra đời
Ex: Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.
component (n) /kam'pao.nant/
bộ phận
Ex: The machine has a lot of delicate components.
durability (n) /.djoara'bilati/ tính bền vững
Ex: Actually, the phones are manufactured by Bullitt Group, but they retain the company's focus
on durability.
charge (v) /tfa:d3/ sạc
Ex: It's not working - I don't think the battery is charging.
computerize (v) /kam'pju:.t3r.aiz/
vi tính hóa
Ex: They've just computerized the whole system.
addicted (adj) /a'dik.tid/ nghiện
Ex: A lot of people nowadays have become addicted to the internet.
digital (adj) /'didg.i.ứl/ kỹ thuật số
Ex: Viewers can get more than 100 channels of incredibly sharp pictures with digital cable or
satellite.
implement (n) /'im.pli.mant/ công cụ
Ex: Shopkeepers are not supposed to sell knives and other sharp implements to children.
hacking (n) /'hffikig/ sự rò rỉ, ăn cắp
Ex: Hacking is now much more sophisticated and harder to detect than a few years ago.
Quiz
1. Investors seem unsure about the long-term future of the music industry in the_____
age.
A. hacking B. digital
2. I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly
A. addicted install (v) /in'sto:l/ cài đặt, lắp đặt
B. immerse
Ex: The plumber is coming tomorrow to install the new washing machine.polygraph (n) /'pnl.i.gra:f/
máy phát hiện nói dối
Ex: Americans love to take, deliver, and judge the results of polygraph tests.
revolutionize (v) /irev.a'lu:.J9n.aiz/ cách mạng hóa
Ex: Electronic cash systems have revolutionized the way that people around the world pay for goods
and services.
payroll (n) /'pei.raol/ bảng lương nhân công
distraction (n) /di'strsk.pn/ sự mất tập trung
Ex: Technology can add more distractions because of their noise from phone rings, fax machine or
computers.
utilize (v) /'ju:.t9l.aiz/
tận dụng
Ex: Utilizing technology give the teachers and students the ability to really get into the subject.
access (n) Z'ffik.sesZ
sự truy cập
Ex: This type of account offers you instant access to your money.
tendency (n) Z'ten.dan.siZ
xu hướng
Ex: There’s been a growing tendency to use mobile phones in recent years.
inefficient (adj) /.in.i'fipnt/ không hiệu quả
Ex: Existing methods of production are expensive and inefficient.
prevalent (adj) /'prev.9l.ant/ phổ biến, thịnh hành
Ex: The use of feedback services is becoming more prevalent among small businesses.
Quiz
1. Computers are becoming more and more_______in our schools.
A. prevalent
B. hacking
2. That dreadful noise coming from his phone is driving me to________.
A. tendency
B. distraction
✓ advancement (n): sự tiến bộ
✓ activate (v): kích hoạt
✓ accumulate (v): tích lũy
✓ conventional (adj): theo truyền thống
✓ virtual world (n): thế giới ảo
✓ satellite (n): vệ tinh
✓ sedentary (adj): thụ động
✓ inevitable (adj): không thể tránh khỏi
✓ isolation (n): sự cô lập
✓ billboard (n): áp phích
✓ immerse (v): đắm chìm
✓ advent (n): sự ra đời
✓ component (n): bộ phận
✓ durability (n): tính bền
✓ charge (v): sạc
✓ computerize (v): vi tính hóa
✓ addicted (adj): nghiện
✓ digital (adj): kỹ thuật số
✓ implement (n): công cụ
✓ hacking (adj): rò rỉ, ăn cắp
✓ install (v): lắp đặt
✓ polygraph (n): máy phát hiện nói dối
✓ revolutionize (v): cách mạng hóa
✓ payroll (n): bảng lương công nhân
✓ distraction (n): sự mất tập trung
✓ utilize (v): tận dụng
✓ access (n): sự truy cập
✓ tendency (n): xu hướng
✓ inefficient (adj): không hiệu quả
✓ prevalent (adj): thịnh hành
PRACTICE
Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
Have you ever found instructions for knitting something or have you read a piece of music? If you have,
you have behaved in a similar way (1)_______________________a computer. A
computer obeys a program to carry out a particular task. Just (2)______a knitting
pattern is expressed in numbers and piece of music in line and dots, (3)______a
computer program is expressed in the form of programming language. (4)_______the
English language (or any other language), there are rules of grammar, and a program must be correct in
every way. There are hundreds of programming languages, (5)___________________
only a few are well-known and widely used. The most popular language (6)______is
used in offices and factories is called Cobol. This language is used for printing payrolls and keeping
records of goods. Engineers and scientists use Fortran in order to carry out calculation. (7) , neither
of these two programs is very popular with
people working on home computers. Basic is the most popular language for home computers, chiefly (8)
_________________________it is easy to learn and use. (9)______these languages
are useful for many purposes, it is time that a new simple program was devised. (10) a program
should be not only easy to use but also completely reliable.
1. A. to B. as
C. so
D. from
2. A. like B. by
C. so D. as
3. A. so B. as
C. thus D. such
4. A. So B. Like
C. Same B. By
5. A. and B. but
C. or D. if
6. A. which B. where
C. if D. what
7. A. In addition B. Therefore
C. Consequently D. However
8. A. if B. so
C. because D. although
9. A. Because B. Although
C. When D. For
10. A. So B. Such
C. Like D. As
Complete the passage with the correct form a suitable verb from the box.
arouse do
worry bring
are talk
write own
predict taken
Nowadays, computers play an increasingly important role in all field. And so, good or bad, computers (1)
_____________________now part of our daily lives. With the price of a small home
computer now as low as $500, expects (2)__________that before long all schools and
business and most families in the richer parts of the world will (3)_______a computer
of some kind. Among the general public, computers (4)_________strong feelings -
people either love them or hate them. The computer - lovers (5) ________about how
useful computers can be in business, in education and in the home - apart from all the games, you can (6)
_______________________your accounts on them, learn languages from them, (7)
________letters on them, use them to control your central heating, and in some places even do your
shopping with them. Computers, they say, will also (8)___________________more
leisure, as more and more unpleasant jobs are (9)_________over by computerized
robots. The haters, on the other hand, argue that computers bring not leisure but unemployment. They (10)
______________________________, too, that people who spend all their talking to
computers will forget how to talk to each other.
Read the following passage and fill each gap with a suitable preposition.
The use of computers (1)_______teaching is not new. A handful of universities offer
computer-taught courses, primarily in mathematical and scientific subject. Stanford, a pioneer in the field,
has for six years offered course in logic and probability, some (2) ___________which are taught entirely
(3)_____computers. According (4)___________a report by the institute, language training was a natural
growth of these programs. The students follow written instructions (5)_______how to begin operating the
keyboard.
Then the computer speaks to the student (6)________headphones. The computer
congratulates the student if response is correct, but asks the student to repeat the exercises if it is wrong. If
the student still has trouble, he or she can ask the computer to go (7)_______the background material. But
at least one professor (8)__________________________________________Stanford,
the head of the French Department, believes that computers will not completely supplant the teaching
process.SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2)
appliance (n) /9'plai.ans/ thiết bị, dụng cụ

Ex: Don't plug in an electrical appliance with wet hands - you could get an electric shock.
regulate (v) /'reg.ja.leit/
điều chỉnh
Ex: You can regulate the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat.
digitize (v) /'did3'i,tuiz/ số hóa
Ex: Each subject's sentences were digitized directly into computer sound files.
projector (n) /pra'd3ek.t9r/
máy chiếu
Ex: You can connect your PDA directly to a projector and go through the slides with a remote control.
unscramble (v) /Aii'skuvm.bd/ phục hồi
Ex: You need a decoding device to unscramble some of the signals sent out by satellite and cable TV.
capacity (n) /ka'p^s.a.ti/ dung tích, sức chứa
Ex: The larger cars have bigger capacity engines.
viral (adj) /,vair9l/ nhanh chóng phổ biến
Ex: In the future, he predicts, viral ads will offer even more participation.
floppy disk (n) /,flup-i ,disk/
đĩa mềm
Ex: The floppy disk is a technology that is known only to the youth of today as the inspiration for the Save icon.
browse (v) /braoz/
lướt
Ex: It's too expensive to spend time browsing the Web if you are paying per minute.
gadget (n) /'g^d3.it/
thiết bị
Ex: Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites.
Quiz
1. With competition heating up, the latest_____have added features to set them apart from the
competition.
A. gadgets B. capacity
2. Here's a list of the top ten______videos this week.
A. unscramble B. viral intranet (n) /'in.tra.net/ mang nội bộ
Ex: I'll post the agenda for next week's meeting on the intranet.
process (v) /'prao.ses/ xử lí
Ex: The applications of all the new students were processed by the computer.
navigate (v) /'n^v.i.geit/ điều phối
Ex: Their website is fairly plain, but very easy to navigate. techie (n) /'tek.i/ chuyên viên công nghệ
attachment (n) /a'tetf.mant/ tệp đính kèm
Ex: I'll email my report to you as an attachment.
Mail
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Ex: To run a successful IT team, you need to be more than just a techie.
hotspot (n) /'hot.spot/ điểm phát wifi
Ex: There are wi-fi hotspots in all our cafés.
kiosk (n) /'kk.osk/
quán
Ex: I usually buy my paper from the kiosk at the station.
application (n) /.^pli'keijn/
ứng dụng
Ex: Mobile data will allow remote access to all the databases and software applications a firm can muster.
cutting-edge (adj) /,kAtip 'ed3/ mới nhất, hiện đại nhất
Ex: A portion of book copiers are replacing their slow pens with these high-speed cutting-edge tools.
e-commerce (n) /i 'kumars/
thương mại điện tử
Ex: Recognizing the value of e-commerce, traditional companies also jumped online.
Quiz
1. Today it's almost impossible to do business without embracing_______.
A. application B. ecommerce
2. Through the years, scientists have introduced_______technologies intended to make life a lot
more convenient for humans.
A. processed
B. cutting-edge
innovation (n) /.ina'veifn/
cải tiến, tiến bộ
Ex: Their success lies in combining an effective innovation process with superior product concept.
labor - saving (adj) /'leibar seivig/
tiết kiệm sức lao động
Ex: When technology works, it's a wonderful labor - saving device.
lỗi thời
Ex: Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented.
patent (n) / 'p^tnt/
bản quyền
Ex: In 1880 Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent on an apparatus for signaling and communicating called
a Photophone.
revolution (n) /irev9'lu:J'n/
cách mạng
Ex: The invention marked the beginning of a revolution in information technology.người không thích công nghệ
Ex: Even technophobes will find this new software simple to use.
technophile (n) /'teknoofazl/ người yêu công nghệ
Ex: These are the top-ten gadget gifts under $50 for the technophile.telecommunication (adj) /.telika.mjumi'keifn/
viễn thông
Ex: The report sets out the government's new approach to the regulation of telecommunications.
wireless (adj) /'waiarlas/
không dây
Ex: They have a plan to link 9,700 office buildings to the Net via a high-speed wireless network.
bước đột phá
Ex: Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.
Quiz
1. ____in the mobile space continues at a record pace and the enterprise is not the exception.
A. Innovation B. Wireless
2. Nanotechnology is going to be a major driving force behind the impending technological in the 21st
century.
A. obsolete B. revolution
✓ appliance (n): thiết bị
✓ regulate (v): điều chỉnh
✓ digitize (v): số hóa
✓ projector (n): máy chiếu
✓ unscramble (v): phục hồi
✓ capacity (n): dung tích
✓ viral (adj): nhanh chóng phổ biến
✓ floppy disk (n): đĩa mềm
✓ browse (v): lướt
✓ gadget (n): thiết bị
✓ intranet (n): mạng nội bộ
✓ process (v): xử lí
✓ navigate (v): điều phối
✓ attachment (n): tệp đính kèm
✓ techie (n): chuyên viên công nghệ
✓ hotspot (n): điểm phát wifi
✓ kiosk (n): quán
✓ application (n): ứng dụng
✓ cutting- edge (adj): mới nhất
✓ e - commerce (n): thương mại điện tử
✓ innovation (n): cải tiến
✓ labor - saving (adj): tiết kiệm sức lao động
✓ obsolete (adj): lỗi thời
✓ patent (n): bản quyền
✓ revolution (n): cách mạng
✓ technophobe (n): người không thích công nghệ
✓ technophile (n): người yêu công nghệ
✓ telecommunication (n): viễn thông
✓ wireless (n): không dây
✓ breakthrough (n): bước đột phá
PRACTICE
Fill each gap in the passage with a suitable word from the box.
automobiles systems
computers problems
appliances educators
inventories programs
recorders communications
USES OF COMPUTERS
People use computers in a wide variety of ways. In business, computers track (1)__________with
bar codes and scanners, check the credit status of customers, and transfer funds electronically. In homes, tiny
computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most (2)______________________control the
indoor temperature, operate home security systems, tell the time, and turn videocassette (3) _on and off. Computers
in (4)_____regulate the flow of fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage. Computers also entertain, creating digitized
sound on stereo (5)____________________________or
computer-animated features from a digitally encoded laser disc. Computer (6) ____________, or
applications, exist t aid every level of education, from programs that teach simple addition or sentence construction
to advanced calculus. (7)______________________________use computers to track grades and
prepare notes; with computer-controlled projection units, they can ad graphics, sound, and animation to their
lectures. (8)___________________________are used extensively in scientific research to solve
mathematical (9)____________, display complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or
impractical to build, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of space shuttles. The military employs
computers in sophisticated (10)_______________________________to encode and unscramble
messages, and to keep track of personnel and supplies.
Fill each gap in the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters.
1. There are many computer - related jobs___________in The New York Times. ADVERTISE
2. When a program does not work properly, it is often necessary to make________________to it.
ALTER
3. A lot of____________is needed to operate large computer systems. ELECTRIC
4. The introduction of the computer in the workplace has_____________the workload of many
people. REDUCE
5. A programmer usually has a_________as well as a logical mind. CREATE
6. A computer is________of performing repetitive operations at a very fast rate. CAPABILITY
7. The efficiency of a computer center depends partly on its ________________ and personnel.
ORGANIZE
8. The computer’s memory is capable of_________a lot of information for a short period of time.
STORE
9. Do you have_________to the student files in the database? ACCESSIBLE
10. One of the _____________ of a good computer programmer is to have a logical mind.
REQUIRE
Choose the best answer.
1. The BBC tries to__________for all tastes with its national programs.
A. suit B. furnish
C. regard D. cater
2. All three TV channels provide extensive_________of sporting events.
A. vision B. coverage
C. broadcast D. network
3. Making private calls on the office phone is severely_________on in our department.
A. frowned B. criticized
C. regarded D. objected
4. I’m phoning them again because I want to____________the arrangements for tomorrow. A.
ensure B. make sure
C. make sure of
D. take care
5. Don’t be________. It’s a bad idea to phone them while you’re angry. Wait until you’ve calmed
down.A. sloppy
B. spontaneous
C. careless
D.rash
6. A friend I hadn't seen for a long time rang me up, which was a very nice
A. surprise
B. shock
C. wonder
D. astonishment
7. On the computer system at work, information is very
every hour.
A. renewed
B. renovated
C. updated
D. done up
8. I couldn't afford a new computer so I bought a(n)
one.
A. old-fashioned
B. second-hand
C. outdated
D. antiquated
7. On the computer system at work, information is very
every hour.
A. renewed
B. renovated
C. updated
D. done up
8. I couldn't afford a new computer so I bought a(n)
one.
A. old-fashioned
B. second-hand
C. outdated
D. antiquated
9. He changed jobs because he decided that being a computer programmer wasn't
for him.
A. right
B. suited
C. fit
D. convenient
10. I find it difficult to keep my
if the television is on while I'm working
A. focus
B. preoccupation
C. dedication
D. concentrations
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3
Cô: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

cell phone (n) /'sel faun/ điện thoại di động
Ex: In today's world, there are many new phobias like nomophobia, the fear of not being in contact with others by
cell phone!
adaptable (adj) /a'd^ptabl/ dễ thích nghi
Ex: It is flexible, and so adaptable for any task for which it is wanted
smartphone (n) /sma:rt 'faon/
điện thoại thông minh
Ex: According to the report, Redmi is planning to soon launch three smartphones in the
Indian market
detect (v) /dl'tekt/
phát hiện
Ex: In the future, cars equipped with on-board computers will be able to detect and avoid traffic jams
automatically.
devoid (of) (adj) /di'void/
thiếu, không có
Ex: Their apartment is devoid of all comforts.
silent film (n) /'sailant film/
phim câm
Ex: Theater musicians went from stage productions to making live music for the silent film.
keep in touch /ki:p in tAtJ7 giữ liên lạc
Ex: Letters were the only way to keep in touch with people who were at any distance away in the past.
a handful of (n) /'h^nd.fol/
một vài
pioneer (n) /ipai9,ni9r/
nhà tiên phong
Ex: Stanford, a pioneer in the field, has for six years offered computer courses.
supplant (v) /sg,plu:nt/ thay thế
Ex: Printed books will soon be supplanted by e-books.
Quiz
1. Our collection of more than 20,000______is one of the most extensive archives of early
cinema in the world.
A. silent films
B. pioneers
2. Travel videos do not
A. devoid
guidebooks, but they can be useful when planning a trip.
B. supplant
spacecraft (n) /'speis.kra:ft/
tàu vũ trụ
Ex: Japan launched seven spacecraft to Earth orbit today (Jan. 17), including a little satellite.dominate
(v) /'da:mineit/
áp đảo
Ex: Despite dominating the game, Joran couldn't score and lost 2 - 4.light year (n) /'lait jir/
năm ánh sáng
Ex: The nearest star to earth is about 4 light years away.
gravity (n) /'gr^vati/
trọng lực
Ex: In an environment without gravity, the body cannot tell up from down.harness (v, n) /'ha:rnis/
khai thác
Ex: Scientists are making attempts to harness the sun's rays as a source of energy.
invent (v) /in'vent/
phát minh
Ex: I wish someone would invent an everlasting light bulb.
luminous (adj) /'lu:minas/ tỏa sáng, sáng chói
Ex: The snowy landscape was growing luminous in the late afternoon light.
manufacturer (n) /.msn.ja'fek.tPr.aV
nhà sản xuất
Ex: The design company is planning to join up with a shoe manufacturer and create a new range of footwear.
intellectual (adj) có hiểu biết
Ex: Hacking is just intellectual.
make use of (v) /meik ju:z ovZ
tận dụng
Ex: We make use of electricity in thousands of ways.
Quiz
1. Pneumatic tyres were_______in 1888 by John Dunlop.
A. invented
B. made use of
2. There is a great deal of interest in________wind and waves as new sources of power.
A. dominating publication (n) Z.pAbii'keijn/ sự công bố, xuất bản
B. harnessing
Ex: The newspaper continues to defend its publication of the photographs.
ậanJỊrand?co ^niniclesocial media (n) Z.saojl 'mi:dia/ truyền thông mạng xã hội
Ex: Companies are increasingly making use of social media in order to market their goods. take st for granted
(v) /gr^ntid/
không coi trọng điều gì vì nó quá phổ biến
Ex: Today we take electricity for granted and perhaps we do not realize just how useful this discovery has been.
telescope (n) / 'teliskaop/
kính thiên văn
Ex: A low-power telescope is enough if you only want to look at the moon.
television station (n) /'telzv^n 'steifn/
đài truyềh hình
Ex: No one is worried that a commercial television station will hot carry sport.
transportable (adj) /trans'po:tabl/ có thể chuyên chở được
Ex: The team, which consists of Airmen, ensure weather shielded transportable radar system.
rechargeable (adj) /ri:'tj'u:.d39.b9l/ có thể nạp lại được
Ex: We try to buy reusable, repairable, and rechargeable products.
interaction (n) /jn.to'nvk.pn/
sự tương tác
Ex: Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction.
bulky (adj) /'bAÍ.ki/
lớn
Ex: They tend not to be bulkier than hand portables.
tinh vi
Ex: The sophisticated avionics enable the helicopter to operate at night.
Quiz
1.__________are changing the way people communicate, work, and shop.
A. Publication
B. Social media
2. Transport costs are high for these______products, so the markets are not well integrated.
A. sophisticated
B. bulky
✓ cell phone (n): điện thoại di động
✓ adaptable (adj): dễ thích nghi
✓ smartphone (n): điện thoại thông minh
✓ detect (v): phát hiện
✓ devoid (v): thiếu
✓ silent film (n): phim câm
✓ keep in touch: giữ liên lạc
✓ a handful of: một vài
✓ pioneer (n): nhà tiên phong
✓ supplant (v): thay thế
✓ spacecraft (n): tàu vũ trụ
✓ dominate (v): áp đảo
✓ light year (n): năm ánh sáng
✓ gravity (n): trọng lực
✓ harness (v): khai thác
✓ invent (v): phát minh
✓ luminous (adj): phát sáng
✓ manufacturer (n): nhà sản xuất
✓ intellectual (adj): có hiểu biết
✓ make use of: tận dụng
✓ publication (n): sự xuất bản
✓ social media (n): truyền thông mạng xã hội
✓ take sth for granted: coi thường
✓ telescope (n): kính thiên văn
✓ television station (n): đài truyền hình
✓ transportable (adj): có thể chuyên chở
✓ rechargeable (adj): có thể nạp lại
✓ interaction (n): sự tương tác
✓ bulky (adj): lớn
✓ sophisticated (adj): tinh vi
PRACTICE
Complete the passage with the correct form a suitable word from the box
break make
prevent have
try matter
convince happen
learn program
However hard the manufacturers and advertisers of personal computers try to (1)___________
us off the “friendliness” of their product, it is still a fact that if you want to (2)_________your
own computer, you have to (3)_______its language. It doesn't understand yours. This simple
fact is the reason why so many home computers are underused. It also (4)____________lots of
people from buying their own computers. Rather than licking your hand, the computer quite often bites. Imagine
yourself having a conversation with an English person. You (5)_________________________
on small grammar mistake, maybe you say have instead of has. It doesn't (6)__________. The
person understands yours meaning and the conversation continues. This doesn't (7)_________
with a computer. If you make even the smallest mistake in its language, the conversation (8) down completely
and you have to go back to the beginning. It can be very frustrating. So, even as you read this, the race is on, In the
United States, in Japan, in Britain, computer
specialists are all (9)_______to develop a computer that will understand human language. They
expect you (10)_____it ready for sale within the next three years. Are you ready to say “Hello”
to the future?
Fill each gap in the passage with a suitable preposition. You can use two of them more than once.
The Crime in the Future
The increased use of computers (1) ________ business has been accompanied (2) ________ a
corresponding increase in computer crime. Computers are used in business in ever-increasing numbers to store,
process and distribute information. At the same time, thefts by computer are (3)_________the rise. The cost (4) the
victims of computer crime are very high. (5)______________________________________his
book, Crime by Computer, computer expert Donn B. Parker estimated that financial losses to business (6)
__________________computer thefts would exceed 410 billion in 1978. Although parker's
estimate is based (7)_______document cases, no one really knows the extent (8)____________
computer crime because thefts are almost impossible to discover. “There is just no reliable way to detect computer
thefts,” Parker said. “It is not just the money they control they control, they control data, and data is power.”
1. Did you see the first_______of the new Agatha Christie on TV last night?
A. serial B. series
C. episode D. story
2. I was ill all day yesterday, so I just sat and_______television.
A. saw B. watched
C. noticed D. lookedat
3. I had a headache after the film because I was sitting too close to the television______.
A. view B. glass
C. window D. screen
4. Did you see that fascinating wildlife program_______television last night?
A. on B. at
C. in
5. Football is very
A. likely
D. by
in the world. Most of the matches are televised.
B. popular
C. pleasing D. interested
6. ______to get through to Jackie for days now. Either she's away or her telephone is out of
order.
A. I tried B. I had tried
C. I'm trying D. I've been trying
7. My TV,________, has broken down twice already.
A. which Ibought onlylastyear B. that Ibought onlylast year
C. which Ibought it onlylast year D. I boughtonly last year
8. He hung up in the middle of our conversation,______absolutely infuriated me.
A. it B. that
C. which D. who
9. Because of TV, people are better_______about what is going on in the world than they used
to be.
A. instructed B. educated
C. informed D. prepared
10. My cousin was nervous about being interviewed on television, but she rose to the_______
wonderfully.
A. event B. performance
C. incident D. occasionSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4
Cô: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

tout (v) /taot/
chào hàng
Ex: A local car dealership was touting its services on the radio.
biotechnology (n) /ibaiootek,nu:l9d3Ì/ công nghệ sinh học
Ex: They are active in the field of biotechnology.
computer literacy (n) /k9mipju:.t9,lit.9r.9.si/ sự hiểu biết về máy tính
Ex: Training in computer literacy for both students and teachers is essential.
cyberspace (n) fsai.bg.speis/ không gian mạng
Ex: You can find the answer to almost any question in cyberspace.
digital native (n) /,did3.i.t9l 'nei.tiv/
người sống với kỹ thuật số từ nhỏ
Ex: A wave of digital natives — those who have spent their entire lives surrounded by digital technologies — is
about to hit organizations worldwide.
GPS - Global positioning system (n) /,d3i pi 'es/ hệ thống định vị toàn cầu
Ex: The unit uses GPS to determine the delivery truck's position.
outdated (adj) /.aut'deitid/
lỗi thời
Ex: Nowadays this kind of computer is completely outdated.
encode (v) /in'kaod/ mã hóa
Ex: Some music CDs are encoded with information about the performers and their music.
pay off (phrV) /pei a:f/
thành công
Ex: The risky investments in producing B-phone did not pay off, unfortunately.
lie detector /'lai di,tek.t9r/
máy phát hiện nói dối
Ex: Both men refused to take a lie detector test.
Quiz
1. It is now almost impossible to work in an office if you are not_______.
A. paid off B. computer literate
2. As more cases of medical conditions surface, the demand for innovative and effective equipment is
soaring.
A. biotechnology B. lie detector devise (v) /di'vaiz/
sáng chế
Ex: Wan Hu devised a risky plan to use the powder of such rockers to him to the stars.
primitive (adj) /'prim.i.tiv/ sơ khai, ban đầu
Ex: Then Wan Hu and his primitive spaceship had disappeared completely.
far - fetched (adj) /,fa.:'fetft/ khó mà tin nổi
Ex: Although the story may seem a little far - fetched, his crazy plan involving rocket power actually contained the
basic the principles of spaceflight.
steer (v) /sti9r/
lái
Ex: The ship passed Land's End, in Cornwall, then steered towards southern Ireland.
confine (v) /kan'fain/ kìm hãm, giam giữ
Ex: Being confined in a small space for such a long period of time is not healthy.
flask (n) /fla:sk/
bình thí nghiệm
Ex: He reached into his bag and pulled out three cups and a flask of some greenish blue liquid.
test tube (n) /'test ,tju:b/ ống nghiệm
Ex: I pulled back in surprise, then set the hot test tube in its rack
side effect (n) /'said I,fekt/
tác dụng phụ
Ex: Does this drug have any side effects?
high - tech (adj) /.hai'tek/
công nghệ cao
Ex: Only a few teaching hospitals have those new, high-tech devices.
bandwagon (n) /'b^ndw^gan/
trào lưu
Ex: Now we see another TV company climbing on the 'reality TV' bandwagon.
1. Apple finally moved on the wireless charging________with the iPhone X, iPhone 8 and
iPhone 8 Plus.
A. bandwagon B. side effect
2. Using their________wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen
property within hours of it being seized.
A. high-tech B. confinedflourish (v) /,fÌ3:riJ7
phát triển mạnh mẽ, bùng nổ
Ex: Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate.
freeway (n) / ,fri:wei/ đường cao tốc
Ex: Driving too slowly can be just as dangerous as speeding, especially when entering or exiting interstates or
freeways.
predecessor (n) / 'predasesar/
người, vật có trước
Ex: This computer has a larger memory than its predecessor.
carriage (n) /'IkvridT xe ngựa
Ex: The carriage at the end of the train was left stranded when the coupling broke.
underway (adj) /.An.da'wez/
đang diễn ra
Ex: Economic recovery is already underway
substitution (n) /isAb.sti'tfu:.J9n/
sự thay thế
Ex: Substitution of less costly materials for bricks will hurt brick-makers.
misdial (v) /,mis'dai.al/ gọi nhầm số
Ex: People sometimes misdial and get through to our house instead of the restaurant.
indispensable (adj) /,in.di'spen.s9.b9l/ không thể thiếu được
Ex: Computers are indispensable in our lives.
binge-watch (v) /bznd3 ZwotJ7
cày phim
Ex: We binge-watched an entire season of Breaking Bad on Sunday.
tech-savvy (adj) /tek 'sffiv.i/ giỏi công nghệ
Ex: The state needs more tech-savvy workers for its hi-tech industries.
Quiz
1. The phone company gives you credit if you________a number.
A. misdial
B. binge - watch
2. Thanks to a lot of effort and the support of local people, the business_______.
A. underway
B. flourished
✓ tout (v): chào hàng
✓ biotechnology (n): công nghệ sinh học
✓ computer literacy (n): hiểu biết về máy tính
✓ cyberspace (n): không gian mạng
✓ digital native (n): người đã quen với kỹ thuật số từ nhỏ
✓ GPS: hệ thống định vị toàn cầu
✓ outdated (adj): lỗi thời
✓ encode (v): mã hóa
✓ pay off (phrV): thành công
✓ lie detector (n): máy phát hiện nói dối
✓ devise (v): sáng chế
✓ primitive (adj): sơ khai
✓ far - fetched (adj): khó mà tin nổi
✓ steer (v): lái
✓ confine (v): kìm hãm
✓ flask (n): bình thí nghiệm
✓ test tube (n): ống nghiệm
✓ side effect (n): tác dụng phụ
✓ high - tech (adj): công nghệ cao
✓ bandwagon (n): trào lưu
✓ flourish (v): bùng nổ
✓ freeway (n): đường cao tốc
✓ predecessor (n): vật có trước
✓ carriage (n): xe ngựa
✓ underway (adj): đang diễn ra
✓ substitution (n): sự thay thế
✓ misdial (v): gọi nhầm số
✓ indispensable (adj): không thể thiếu được
✓ binge - watch (v): cày phim
✓ tech - savvy (adj): giỏi công nghệ
PRACTICE
Fill each gap in the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters.
1. In 1960, the second generation of computers was____________DEVELOP
2. The machine carries out the_____________which the programmer gives it. PROCEED
3. Computer_____________is a new field at the university. PROGRAM
4. The first two steps in your program are not__________. They are basically different.
RELATE
5. Can you describe the most important______________of the computer? CHARACTER
6. There is no____________for the speed at which a computer performs arithmetic operations.
SUBSTITUTION
7. Before the computer can do the necessary computations for a problem, the number should
be____________to machine code. CONVERT
8. Today's microcomputers are almost as powerful as yesterday's minis, mainly because of
man's creativity___________with the advancement in chip technology. COMBINE
9. The binary system is________on two digits: 0 and 1. BASE
10. In most operations___________calculations, computers can do the job much faster than
man. INVOLVE
1. He gave me some very______advise on buying a computer.
A. precious B. wealthy
C. dear D. valuable
2. “Does your department need a new computer?”
“At the moment we are considering________one.”
A.to buy B. buying
C.to buying D. buy
3. It is_______pity that you cannot come to the computer exhibition.
A. so B. such as
C. such a D. manya
4. She's hung________. I must have said something to upset her.
A. up B. round
C. back D. off
5. Radio communication has changed_____the rapid development of other communication
media, such as television.
A. because of B. because its
C. is it because D. is because it
6. I bought a computer last year, but I've had nothing but trouble with it. As far as I'm
concerned it was US $750 down the_______.
A. road B. sink
C. drain
D. way
Fill each gap in the passage with a suitable word from the box.
automation master
science communication
existence economy
research aim
At present there are millions of computers in operation throughout the world. The (1) _____ of hundreds of
computing machines, and connected by automatic (2) ______________________________ lines with industry,
supply centers, transport and organs of finance will fundamentally change national economic management.
Controlled by cybernetics, industrial enterprises will operate at the most efficient peak. This, in turn, will affect
tremendous (3) _of the time and resources. The comparatively simple methods of (4)______ used for some
technologies will become more and more complicated. As production techniques become more efficient, they can
be more effectively controlled, with me (5)_______________________________________of
raising the quality and the quantity of manufactured goods and improving working conditions. Despite the
numerous results of (6) ____________________ into cybernetics, opening up breath-taking
prospects for science, industry and economics generally, it is still hard to predict the achievements this wonderful
(7)_________________________________may make in the near future, since the pace of
technical progress is exceptionally great and continually increasing. The advance in the technical progress is
the outcome, primarily of the talent, inventiveness and the effort of man - this great remarker and (8) of
nature.SPORTS AND LEISURE (1)
competition (n) /Ikom.pg'tij'.9n/ sự thi đấu
Ex: England has to win tonight's qualifying match to go through to the next round of the competition.
tournament (n) /'tuo.no.mont/ giải đấu
Ex: They were defeated in the first round of the tournament.
athlete (n) /'s9.li:t/
vận động viên
Ex: He became a professional athlete at the age of 16.
athletics (n) /íuO' let. I ks/
điền kinh
Ex: Girls who participate in high school athletics are more likely to graduate than those who don't.
spectator (n) /spek'tez.tar/
khán giả
Ex: They won 4-0 in front of over 40,000 cheering spectators.
coach (n) /koutJ7 huấn luyện viên
Ex: Our football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit into the players.
captain (n) /'k^p.tin/
đội trưởng
Ex: It's unusual to have a goalkeeper as the captain of a football team.
umpire (n) /'Am.pai9r/
trọng tài
Ex: The umpire overruled the linesman and ordered the point to be replayed.
opponent (n) /a'pau.nant/
đối thủ
Ex: In the second game, her opponent hurt her leg and had to retire.
championship (n) /'tfiEm.pi.gn.Jip/
chức vô địch
Ex: They have held the championship for the past three years.
Quiz
1. There was a big controversy over the use of drugs in_________.
A. athletics
B. athlete
2. The stadium was packed with cheering_________.
A. audiences
B. spectators
medal (n) /'med.al/
huy chương
Ex: Despite fierce competition she made a gallant effort to win the first medal of the championships.trophy
(n) /'trao.fi/ cúp
Ex: He's an excellent rider, but he's never won a major trophy.
arena (n) Za'riinoZ
nhà thi đấu
Ex: They could borrow an idea from sports arenas: premium seating with a dedicated waiter.
pitch (n) /pitf/ sân cỏ
Ex: He was taken to hospital after his collapse on the pitch.track (n) /trffik/
đường chạy
Ex: The runners are now on their final lap of the track.
racket (n) /■ rffik.it/
vợt
Ex: You ought to have your racket re-strung before the competition.
saddle (n) /'ssd.oi/ yên (xe, ngựa, ..)
Ex: He swung himseif into the saddle and rode off.
scoreboard (n) /.'sko:.bo:d/
bảng điểm
Ex: The scoreboard informed her that the two runners that Trent had left on base had scored
gamble (v) /'g^m.bal/
cá cược
Ex: He gambled away most of his money.gymnasium (n) /d3im'nei.zi.am/ phòng tập thể hình
Ex: It consisted of a school, a gymnasium, baths, and meeting rooms.Quiz
1. We're_______that enough people will show up at the concert to cover our expenses.
A. competing
B. gambling
2. The cup holders began their defense of the_______in fine style.
A. trophy
B. pitch
court (n) /ko:t/ sân chơi thể thao
Ex: They were penalized for having too many players on the court.
rugby (n) /'rvg.bi/ môn bóng bầu dục
Ex: She spends her Saturday afternoons standing on the touchline, watching her boyfriend play rugby.
fanatic (n) /fa'n^t.ik/
cổ động viên
Ex: Thousands of fanatics have travelled to China for the final match.
ice hockey (n) /'ais ,huk.i/ khúc côn cầu trên băng
Ex: More than 2,500 children are now playing ice hockey in Beijing.
fencing (n) Z'fen.szgZ
đấu kiếm
Ex: I did a little bit of fencing while I was at college.
archery (n) Z'm.tfYi/ bắn cung
Ex: The leader of the festival has to perform horseback archery holding a child in his arms.
lacrosse (n) /la'kros/
bóng vợt
Ex: On sport at school, will those children be able to play lacrosse, hockey or cricket.
corner kick (n) /'ko:.na ,kzk/ phạt góc
Ex: In this first match he scored a stunning goal from a corner kick.
goalpost (n) /'gaul.paust/ cột khung thành
Ex: At that time, the goalposts were moved again.
half - time (n) /Ihu:f'tazm/
giờ nghỉ hết hiệp một
Ex: Italy had a comfortable three-goal lead over France by half-time.
Quiz
1. The match was abandoned at________because of the poor weather conditions.
A. corner kick B. half-time
2. His presence caused excitement among local_______on at a press conference.
A. fanatics
B. goalpost
✓ competition (n): sự thi đấu
✓ tournament (n): giải đấu
✓ athlete (n): vận động viên
✓ athletics (n): điền kinh
✓ spectator (n): khán giả
✓ coach (n): huấn luyện viên
✓ captain (n): đội trưởng
✓ umpire (n): trọng tài
✓ opponent (n): đối thủ
✓ championship (n): chức vô địch
✓ medal (n): huy chương
✓ trophy (n): cúp
✓ arena (n): nhà thi đấu
✓ pitch (n): sân cỏ
✓ track (n): đường chạy
✓ racket (n): vợt
✓ saddle (n): yên (xe, ngựa ...)
✓ scoreboard (n): bảng điểm
✓ gamble (v): cá cược
✓ gymnasium (n): phòng tập thể hình
✓ court (n): sân chơi thể thao
✓ rugby (n): môn bóng bầu dục
✓ fanatic (n): cổ động viên
✓ ice hockey (n): khúc côn cầu trên băng
✓ fencing (n): đầu kiếm
✓ archery (n): bắn cung
✓ lacrosse (n): bóng vợt
✓ corner kick (n): phạt góc
✓ goalkeeper (n): cột khung thành
✓ half - time (n): giờ nghỉ hết hiệp một
PRACTICE
Read the article and fill in the blank with the suitable form of one of the verbs in the box
have sell
know defeat
play hold
let support
show see
appreciate say
Street peddlers (1)________national flags to local football fans in HCM City suffered great
losses after the host team's 0-1 defeat to Singapore in the final of the Tiger Cup 1998 last Saturday. Though the
national team (2)____________________________the Southeast Asian championship slide
through its fingers, Vietnam gained much from the cup. To Vietnam, the Tiger Cup was as meaningful as the
World Cup was the France. This was the first time the country had (3)____________________
such an important football event. Taking over the running of the cup after Indonesia's withdrawal because of the
economic troubles, Vietnam (4)_________________________________only a short time to
prepare. However, as Ahmad Rithauddeen - president of the Asian Football Federation (AFF) (5) during his visit to
Vietnam on the day of the final, “ The Vietnamese Government
and people have (6)___________and created favorable conditions for the Tiger Cup to be
successful.” He (7)_____________Vietnam's preparations for and running of the Cup. The
compliment from the chief of the Southeast Asian football organization (8)_________the love
Vietnam fans have for this “king of sports.”. Have you ever (9)_____a packed stadium hosting
more than 20,000 spectators singing the national anthem in chorus? That was the case at Hanoi stadium where the
Vietnamese team (10)_______________________during the Tiger Cup. Yet one cannot (11)
_________really being among the sea of people throwing the street, after a home team victory - the night when they
(12)_____the incumbent Thai champions was a typical example.
1. Sue came first in the 5000 - meter
A. competition B. game C. race
2. Jack and Tom arranged to meet outside the football_________
A. ground B. match C. pitch
3. This football match_______is one of the best in the country.
A. court B. ground C. course
4. Yesterday Juventus beat Everton by three goals_______Nil.
A. at B. on C. for
5. The local stadium isn't large enough for so many________.
A. spectators B. audience C. viewers
6. The crowd went wild when Pele______the winning goal.
A. beat B. scored C. won
D. court
D. athlete
D. track
D. to
D. congregation
D. served
7. Most people find football very_______.
A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. to interest
8. He was______from the championship after they discovered he had been taking drugs.
A. defeated B. disqualified C. lost D. aimed
9. Their football team lost in the last knock-out______.
A. match B. part C. final D. challenge
10. Michael Owen hopes he'll be fit enough to_______the game tomorrow.
A. take part in B. take part of
C. take place in
D. participate
The ball hit the (1)_______and dropped to the ground. Ellery looked angrily at his (2)_______
and began to shout at the (3)________. Then he threw down his tennis (4)_______and walked
off the (5)______ _. The (6)______began to whistle and shout.
1. A. bag B. basket C. goal D. net
2. A. enemy B. opponent C. fighter D. opposite
3. A. umpire B. started C. controller D. ruler
4. A. bat B. stick C. club D. racquet
5. A. pitch B. table C. court D. square

D.
6. A. spectators B. witnesses C. audience congregation
SPORTS AND LEISURE (2)
idle (adj) /'ai.dal/
thảnh thơi
Ex: If you have an idle moment, call me.
pastime (n) /'pa:s.taim/
hoạt động giải trí
Ex: Do-it-yourself is the nation's most popular pastime.recreation (n) /.rek.ri'ei.Jbn/ sự tiêu khiển
theo đuổi
unwind (v) /An'waznd/
thư giãn
Ex: A glass of wine in the evening helps me to unwind after work.
trainer (n) /'trez.nar/ huấn luyện viên
Ex: A lot of wealthy people have their own personal trainer
gymnastics (n) /d3im'n^s.tiks/ thể dục dụng cụ
Ex: I quite liked gymnastics at school - doing handstands and cartwheels and jumps over the apparatus.
carefree (adj) /'kear.fri/ vô tư lự
Ex: Jimmy has a carefree summer ahead of him.
cricket (n) / 'krik.it/
môn bóng gậy
Ex: Binns played cricket for his county in his youth.
skateboarding (n) /'skeit,bo:.dip/
môn trượt ván
Ex: Over time, skateboarding culture changed.
Quiz
1. After work she______with a cup of tea and the newspaper.
A. unwinds B. pursues
2. Emma's only form of______seems to be shopping.
A. carefree B. recreation darts (n) /darts/ trò ném phi tiêu
Ex: I was the badminton champion and also excelled in darts, football and hockey.
martial art (n) /,ma:.J9l 'a:t/ võ thuật
Ex: Kung fu and karate are martial arts.
exhilarating (adj) Zig'zii.o.rei.tigZ
làm cho vui vẻ, hồ hởi
Ex: Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia was one of the most emotional, exhilarating, frightening experiences
I’ve ever had.
indulge (v) /in'dA^/ nuông chiều
Ex: I love champagne but I don't often indulge myself.
respite (n) / 'res.pait/
sự nghỉ ngơi
Ex: Their teacher was away, so they had a day's respite before their essays were due.
socialize (v) /'sou.joi.aiz/ hòa nhập, hòa mình
Ex: I tend not to socialize with my colleagues.
medalist (n) /'med.al.ist/
người giành được huy chương
Ex: She's a bronze medalist in judo.
trivial (adj) /'trivial/
tầm thường, kém quan trọng
Ex: She gets completely stressed about trivial things.
finale (n) /fi'na:.li/
màn kết thúc
Ex: All the dancers come on stage during the grand finale.amateur (adj) /'^m.a.tar/
nghiệp dư
Ex: He was an amateur singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional.Quiz
1. He's in charge of wardrobe at the local_______theatre.
A. exhilarating
2. We worked for hours without
A. respite
B. amateur
B. trivialinterval (n) /'in.ta.val/
lúc nghỉ
Ex: There will be two 20-minute intervals during the opera.
hectic (adj) /'hek.tik/ hối hả, xô bồ
extracurricular (adj) /.ek.stra.kg'rik.ja.bV
ngoại khóa
Ex: Popular extracurricular activities include pottery, chess, choir, tennis, and swimming.
agility (n) Zo'dsii-rtiZ
sự nhanh nhạy
Ex: A top-rated football player, he combines speed and agility.
sedentary (adj) /'sed.9n.t9r.i/
thụ động
Ex: Marilyn leads a more sedentary lifestyle now that he works at home.
seclusion (n) /si'klw39n/
sự tĩnh lặng
Ex: She spent her days in the seclusion of her room.
detrimental (adj) /,det.ri'men.t9l/ có hại
Ex: People often think of toys as being detrimental to kids.
pass (n) /pa:s/ sự chuyền bóng
Ex: A volleyball pass is a done with the objective to move the ball to a teammate called a setter.
lounge (v) /luond3/
thư giãn nhẹ nhàng
Ex: She was lounging on the beach.energetic (adj) /,en.9'd3et.ik/ nhiều năng lượng
Ex: I tried aerobics but it was too energetic for me.Quiz
1. The dancers gave an______, thrilling and polished performance which delighted everyone
in the audience.
A. energetic
B. secluded
2. My doctor says I should start playing sport because my lifestyle is too________.
A. sedentary
B. detrimental
✓ idle (adj): thảnh thơi
✓ pastime (n): hoạt động giải trí
✓ recreation (n): sự tiêu khiển
✓ pursue (v): theo đuổi
✓ unwind (v): thư giãn
✓ trainer (n): huấn luyện viên
✓ gymnastics (n): thể dục dụng cụ
✓ carefree (adj): vô tư lự
✓ cricket (n): môn bóng chày
✓ skateboarding (n): môn trượt ván
✓ darts (n): trò ném phi tiêu
✓ martial art (n): võ thuật
✓ exhilarating (adj): làm cho vui vẻ
✓ indulge (v): nuông chiều
✓ respite (n): sự nghỉ ngơi
✓ socialize (v): hòa mình
✓ medalist (n): người giành huy chương
✓ trivial (adj): tầm thường
✓ finale (n): màn kết thúc
✓ amateur (adj): nghiệp dư
✓ interval (n): lúc nghỉ
✓ hectic (adj): hối hả
✓ extracurricular (adj): ngoại khóa
✓ agility (n): sự nhanh nhạy
✓ sedentary (adj): thụ động
✓ seclusion (n): sự tĩnh lặng
✓ detrimental (adj): có hại
✓ pass (n): sự chuyền bóng
✓ lounge (v): thư giãn nhẹ nhàng
✓ energetic (adj): nhiều năng lượng
PRACTICE
1. Skis used to be made wood.
A. of B. out C. by D. for
2. He walked up to the rostrum with a smile. It was the sixth time he_______a gold medal.
A. has won B. won C. had won D. was winning
3. The length of the match depends_____the age of the players.
A. on B. from C. by D. to
4. Before_______the changing rooms, make sure you have all your valuables with you.
A. to leave B. leaving C. having left D. leave
5. At the end of the match he was______with a trophy and a bottle of champagne.
A. presented B. given C. prized D. donated
6. Due to bad weather, the match has been put_______until next Wednesday.
A. forward B. off C. out D. ahead
7. I haven't played hockey______ages.
A. from B. since C. during D. for
8. Without______it, he had overtaken most of the other competitors.
A. realizing B. realized C. realize D. to realize
9. His_____was so fast that his team made could hardly take the ball.
A. service B. servant C. passion D. pass
10. After the_______time the two teams came out in the pitch again.
A. phase B. lap C. half D. round
Fill each gap in the following passage with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Exercise is one of the best ways of keeping (1)__________(depressed) away. It improves your
body and your mind and (2)___________(able) you to perform better in the work place and at
home. Proper (3)__________(breath) is essential if you want to get the most from exercise and
you should also take into (4) _________________ (consider) your heart rate. In can be (5)
___________(harm) to do too much, which is why all good fitness instructors emphasize the (6) (important) of
“listening to your body”. When you first start, you should use
good (7)___________(judge), because it's easy to make the mistake of using the equipment
(8)___________(correct) as doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build up gradually.
Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
FOOTBALL TODAY
Football is a very old game. It is (1)____all over the world today. In Vietnam we have an (2)
_______football competition. Every year the football teams from all the provinces play against each (3) .
Footballer (4)__Vietnam sometimes go to foreign countries and (5)
_______against their football (6)________. Schools have their football teams, (7)_________, (8) year their football
teams also play against each other. People have played different (9) __________________of football (10) more than
200 years.
1. A. play B. played C. playing
2. A. annual B. every C. all
3. A. another B. other C. one
4. A. from B. in C. to
5. A. usually B. play C.they
6. A. players B. teams C. games

7. A. also B. either C. too
8. A. Every B. One D. Some
9. A. player B. things C. kinds
10. A. since B. in C. for

r----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
FEELINGS AND STATES OF MIND
k Ằ
infuriate (v) /in'fjoa.ri.eit/

to make someone extremely angry (làm tức điên lên)
Ex: His sexist attitude infuriates me.
irritated (adj) /'ir.i.tei.tid/
annoyed, often because you want something to stop (bực mình, cáu tiết)
Ex: I began to get increasingly irritated by her questions.
irritable (adj) /'ir.i.ta.b9l/
becoming annoyed very easily (dễ cáu kỉnh)
Ex: Be careful what you say - he's rather irritable today.
touchy (adj) /'tAtf.i/
easily offended or upset (dễ tự ái)
Ex: You have to be careful what you say to Kevin - he's rather touchy.
have a fit (idiom)
to become very angry (rất tức giận)
Ex: My mother had a fit when she saw the mess we made.
take it out on sb
to make someone else suffer or be responsible for your own mistakes, anger, sadness (trút giận lên ai)
Ex: Don't take it out on me - I'm not your boss!
outburst (n) /'aot.b3:st/
a sudden forceful expression of emotion, especially anger (sự bùng nổ cơn giận)
Ex: Her comments provoked an outburst of anger from the boss.
have had enough
to be unable to tolerate someone or something any more (chịu đựng đủ rồi)
Ex: Stop yelling at me. I've had enough.
get on one’s nerves (idiom)
to irritate and annoy someone (khiến ai bực mình)
Ex: Nothing personal, but your voice is really getting on my nerves.
get up someone's nose (idiom)
to annoy or irritate someone (gây khó chịu)
Ex: Hey, your loud music is really getting up my nose.
Quiz
Fill in the blanks with the words from the box
1.The noise outside is____________________.
2. His_________surprised me - I had no idea he was so angry about the situation.
3. The decision to close the village school has__________most parents.
4. He's still quite_________about the break-up of his marriage, so try not to mention it.
5. She's usually quite_________in the mornings, especially if she's had a late night.
optimist (n) /'optimist/
a person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful (người sống tích cực)
Ex: Pete, ever the optimist, said things were bound to improve.
look on the bright side
to find something to be hopeful about in spite of problems (luôn tích cực, hy vọng)
Ex: Look on the bright side - no one was badly hurt.
skeptical (adj) /'skep.ti.k9lZ
doubting that something is true or useful (ngờ vực)
Ex: Ruth is convinced that it's a good idea but I'm deeply skeptical.
reservation (n) /.rez.a'vei.JbnZ
a doubt or reason for not accepting or agreeing with something completely (nghi ngờ, dè dặt)
Ex: We have reservations about letting the children stay home alone.
puzzle (v) /'pAz.aiZ
to cause someone to feel confused (làm bối rối)
Ex: The findings of the survey puzzle me - they're not at all what I would have expected.
baffled (adj) /'b^f.aldZ
completely unable to explain or understand something (không hiểu được)
Ex: She was completely baffled by his strange behaviour.
mixed-up (adj) /,mikst ApZ
upset, worried, and confused, especially because of personal problems (bối rối, lo lắng)
Ex: A lot of young people are mixed-up about their futures.
bewildered (adj) Zbi'wil'dardZ
confused and uncertain (bối rối, hoang mang)
Ex: He sat up in bed, bewildered, unsure of where he was.
vague (adj) ZveigZ
unable to think clearly (mơ hồ)
Ex: My aunt is incredibly vague - she can never remember where she puts things.
ambiguous (adj) /^m'big.ju.asZ
having more than one possible meaning, and therefore likely to cause confusion (khó hiểu, nhập nhằng)
Ex: His attitude to environmental issues was sometimes quite ambiguous.
Quiz
ambiguous vague skeptical
puzzled
bewildered
1. His answer was___________- I’m not sure if he agreed or not.
2. I am_________about his chances of winning.
3. The abrupt change and the lack of guidelines has left many retailers___________.
4. None of the women have been named and the accusations have been_______.
5. Asked what teachers could do to help him more, he seemed________by the concept.
muddled (adj) /'mAd.ald/
confused and disorganized (lúng túng, loay hoay, lộn xộn)
Ex: He became increasingly muddled as he grew older.
garbled (adj) /'gm.bald/
(of something said) confused and unclear, or giving a false idea (không rõ ràng, bối rối) Ex: He left a garbled
message on my answering machine.
inarticulate (adj) /,in.u:'tik.j9.l9t/
unable to express feelings or ideas clearly (không rõ ràng, ú ớ)
Ex: His speech was inarticulate and it was obvious he had been drinking.
unintelligible (adj) /,An.in'tel.i.d39.b9l/
not able to be understood (không hiểu được)
Ex: She turned away and muttered something unintelligible.
illegible (adj) /i'led3.9.bgl/
impossible to read because of being very untidy or not clear (khó đọc)
Ex: His handwriting is totally illegible.
inexplicable (adj) /.in.ik'splik.o.bol/
unable to be explained or understood (không giải thích được)
Ex: For some inexplicable reason, he's decided to cancel the project.
humiliated (adj) /hju:'mil.i.ei.tid/
be made to feel ashamed or stupid (bẽ mặt)
Ex: I've never felt so humiliated in my life.
have a (guilty) conscience
to feel guilty, often for a long period of time (thấy tội lỗi)
Ex: He's got a guilty conscience about stealing when he was young.
go red
to redden in the face due to embarrassment, anger ... (đỏ mặt)
Ex: He went red when his crush came up and talked to him.
make a fool (out) of someone
to do something that makes someone, esp. yourself, seem ridiculous (biến thành trò hề) Ex: I almost stood up and
sang, but I decided I didn't want to make a fool out of myself.
Quiz
humiliated inexplicable intelligible went red inarticulate
1. He tried to deny it, but he_________.
2. I was so___________that I just wanted to get out of there as quickly as possible.
3. He had drunk so much that he was completely____________.
4. When reviewing your notes before an exam, the most important will be_________.
5. He was shocked at the sudden,____________sense of loss he felt.
□ infuriate (v): làm tức điên lên
□ irritated (adj): bực mình
□ irritable (adj): dễ cáu giận
□ touchy (adj): dễ tự ái
□ have a fit (idiom): rất tức giận
□ take it out on sb: trút giận lên ai
□ outburst (n): sự bùng nổ cơn giận
□ have had enough: chịu đựng đủ rồi
□ get one one's nerve (idiom): khiến ai bực mình
□ get up one's nose (idiom): gây khó chịu
□ optimist (n): người sống tích cực
□ look on the bright side: luôn tích cực
□ skeptical (adj): ngờ vực
□ reservation (n): nghi ngờ, dè dặt
□ puzzle (v): làm bối rối
□ baffled (adj): không hiểu được
□ mixed-up (adj): bối rối, lo lắng
□ bewildered (adj): hoang mang
□ vague (adj): mơ hồ
□ ambiguous (adj): khó hiểu, nhập nhằng
□ muddled (adj): lúng túng, lộn xộn
□ garbled (adj): không rõ ràng
□ inarticulate (adj): ú ớ
□ unintelligible (adj): không hiểu được
□ illegible (adj): khó đọc
□ inexplicable (adj): không giải thích được
□ humiliated (adj): bẽ mặt
□ have a (guilty) conscience: thấy tội lỗi
□ go red: đỏ mặt
□ make a good (out) of sb: biến thành trò hề
PRACTICE
1. Everyone was surprised by his_______because nobody had ever seen him get angry
before.
A. explosion B. outburst C. outpouring D. frustration
2. I've never seen anyone so______! I thought he was going to hit me.
A. touchy B. sick C. irritable D. angry
3. It's not my fault the car has broken down, so don't take it______me.
A. from B. to C. out of D. out on
4. I’m_______in my present job; I need something more challenging.
A. irritated B. annoyed C. frustrated D. crazy
5. He's very______about his work, so try not to say anything that he might take as a
criticism.
A. annoyed B. touchy C. irritated D. annoying
6. My boss will be absolutely_____with me for being late again.
A. annoying B. touchy C. furious D. irritated
7. My first day at work was_______because there were so many new things to take in.
A. confused B. puzzling C. bewildering D. mystifying
8. Statistics______- all those numbers!
A. baffles me B. mixes me up C. mixes me D. loses me
9. You're talking too fast - I'm getting_____!
A. lost B. touchy C. mystified D. baffled
10. Considering his unhappy childhood, it's not surprising he's so______.
A. mystified B. lost C. baffled D. mixed-up
11. She's usually very calm, so I must admit I'm rather______as to why she lost her temper
like that.
A. confusing B. puzzled C. mixed-up D. bewildering
12. We left New York when I was six, so my recollections of it are rather______.
A. faint B. muddled C. garbled D. unintelligible
13. His papers were so______that he couldn't find what he was looking for.
A. garbled B. ambiguous C. muddled D. inarticulate
14. He speaks so quickly that most of the things he says are______.
A. inexplicable B. unintelligible C. illegible
D. inarticulate
15. I've got a(n)_____idea what you mean.
A. ambiguous B. faint
C. muddied
16. D. vagueShe was so angry that she became quite .
A. vague
B. garbled
C. inarticulate
17. D. inexplicableI asked him what to do but his instructions were so
that I still didn't understand.
A. inexplicable B. garbled C. muddled D. illegible
18. Her sudden disappearance was______.
A. unintelligible B. illegible C. inarticulate D. inexplicable
19. Her comment was so_____that, some people thought she was pleased while others
thought she was annoyed.
A. incomprehensible B. ambiguous
C. unintelligible D. faint
20. The report was written in technical language, which would have been_____to most
people.
A. incomprehensible B. illegible
C. inarticulate D. garbled
energetic (adj) /,en.9'd3et.ik/
having or involving a lot of energy (năng động, nhiều năng lượng)
Ex: He's very energetic, isn't he, for a man of his age?
lethargic (adj) /b'9u:.d3ik/
having little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anything (bơ phờ, thờ ơ)
Ex: I was feeling tired and lethargic.
decisive (adj) /di'sai.siv/
able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality (quyết đoán)
Ex: You need to be more decisive.
extrovert (adj) /'ek.stra.vs:t/
energetic and enjoying being with other people (hướng ngoại)
Ex: He's very extrovert, he loves to make speeches and talk, and he's a great advocate of his work.
to be good company (phrase)
to be an interesting and amusing person to be with (người bạn thoải mái, vui vẻ)
Ex: You'll like Rosie - she's good company.
apathetic (adj) /yvp.o'Oet.ikz
showing no interest or energy and unwilling to take action, especially over something important (lãnh đạm, thờ ơ)
Ex: Young people today are so apathetic about politics.
reserved (adj) Zn'z3:vd/
tending to keep your feelings or thoughts private rather than showing them (kín đáo, dè dặt)
Ex: The English have a reputation for being reserved.
subdued (adj) Zs9b'd3u:d/
less talkative or happy than usual (dịu, khẽ khàng)
Ex: She seemed a bit subdued at lunch - is she all right?
initiative (n) Zi'niJ'.a.tivZ
the ability to act and make decisions without help from other people (sáng kiến, chủ động)
Ex: Although she was quite young, she showed a lot of initiative and was promoted to manager after a year.
go (n) Zgao/
the condition of being energetic and active (tràn đầy năng lượng)
Ex: He doesn't have much go about him, does he?
Quiz
extrovert subdued apathetic lethargic initiative
1. I shouldn't always have to tell you what to do, use your__________.
2. Most of the fans were________, quietly waiting for the race to start.
3. People think I'm an_________and I thrive on the attention but I actually don't.
4. Are they too busy or so__________they just don't care enough to put the flag up?
5. The mother took Amanda to a hospital March 1 when she was vomiting and________.
on the go (idiom)
very busy (rất bận rộn)
Ex: I've been on the go all day, and I'm really tired.
liven up (phrV) /'lai.v9n/
to become more energetic or in a better mood, or to make someone feel this way (năng động trở lại)
Ex: She was subdued to start with, but after a while she livened up.
hang around (phrV)
to move or do things slowly (chậm chạp)
Ex: Go and pack but don't hang around - we have to go in an hour.
wary (adj) /'wea.ri/
not completely trusting or certain about something or someone (thận trọng, đề phòng)
Ex: I'm a little wary of giving people my address when I don't know them very well.
conscientious (adj) /.konji'enjas/
putting a lot of effort into your work (tỉ mỉ, cẩn thận)
Ex: Greg Smith is a conscientious and dedicated worker who will be an asset to your company.
particular (adj) /pa'tik.ja.bV
not easily satisfied and demanding that close attention should be given to every detail (tường tận, tỉ mỉ)
Ex: He's very particular about the kitchen - everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place.
sloppy (adj) /'slup.i/
doing work in a careless and inadequate way (cẩu thả, nhếch nhác)
Ex: The painters were very sloppy and the room looks terrible.
impulsive (adj) /im'pAl.siv/
acting or done suddenly without any planning or consideration of the results (hấp tấp, bốc đồng)
Ex: She's an impulsive shopper and often buys things she doesn't need.
hasty (adj) /'hei.sti/
done in a hurry, sometimes without the necessary care or thought (hấp tấp, vội vã)
Ex: Don't be too hasty! Think carefully about what might happen.
spontaneous (adj) /spun'tei.ni.as/
happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced (tự phát, tự sinh)
Ex: His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
Quiz
impulsive conscientious particular spontaneous liven up
1. The party was completely_____________- we only decided that evening to have one.
2. She's so____________that she often works late without getting paid.
3. __________behavior can be dangerous if you don't consider all possible outcomes.
4. I feel a bit tired at the moment but I'm sure I'll_________later in the evening.
5. He's__________about the clothes he buys and always takes ages to choose them.
on the spur of the moment (idiom)
a decision, action, etc. is sudden and done without any planning (đột nhiên)
Ex: We just jumped in a car on the spur of the moment and drove to the seaside.
trustworthy (adj) /'trAst,w3:.ỗi/
able to be trusted (đáng tin cậy)
Ex: In this job we need someone who is entirely honest and trustworthy.
blunt (adj) /bl Ant/
saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings (lỗ mãng, thằng thừng)
Ex: I'll be blunt - that last piece of work you did was terrible.
to speak one’s mind
to say what you really think, not what people want to hear (thẳng thắn mà nói)
Ex: He's certainly not afraid to speak his mind.
deceitful (adj) /di' sit-fol/
behaving in a dishonest way by trying to hide the truth or make other people believe something that is not true (dối
trá, lừa lọc)
Ex: She just assumes that elected leaders are cynical and deceitful.
devious (adj) /'di:.vi.9s/
dishonest, especially in a complicated, clever or indirect way (thủ đoạn, ranh ma)
Ex: You have to be devious if you're going to succeed in business.
cunning (adj) /'kAn.ip/
able to get what you want in a clever way, especially by tricking or cheating somebody (xảo quyệt)
Ex: If they were human, they would become cunning.
mislead (v) /,mis'li:d/
to cause someone to believe something that is not true (lừa dối, làm sai lệch)
Ex: Millions of people were misled into buying these 'low-risk' investments.
tight-fisted (adj) /,tait'fis.tid/
unwilling to spend money (hà tiện, bủn xỉn)
Ex: Don't wait for Gillian to buy you a drink - she's too tight-fisted.
greedy (adj) /'gri:.di/
wanting a lot more food, money, etc. than you need (tham lam)
Ex: You greedy pig! You're not having another chocolate biscuit!
Quiz
1. _______________________I phoned a friend and arranged to go out.
2. He 's too___________to send birthday cards, even to his family.
3. You have a________mind, Mr Angel. Ever thought of a career in the police?
4. He stared at the diamonds with________eyes.
5. She has a reputation for_______speaking.
✓ energetic (adj): tràn đầy năng lượng
✓ lethargic (adj): bơ phờ, thờ ơ
✓ decisive (adj): quyết đoán
✓ extrovert (adj): hướng ngoại
✓ to be good company: bạn đồng hành thoải mái
✓ apathetic (adj): lãnh đạm
✓ reserved (adj): dè dặt
✓ subdued (adj): dịu, khẽ khàng
✓ initiative (adj): sáng kiến
✓ go (n): tràn đầy năng lượng
✓ on the go (idiom): rất bận rộn
✓ liven up (phrV): năng động trở lại
✓ hang around (phrV): chậm chạp
✓ wary (adj): thận trọng, đề phòng
✓ conscientious (adj): tỉ mỉ, cẩn thận
✓ particular (adj): tường tận
✓ sloppy (adj): cẩu thả, nhếch nhác
✓ impulsive (adj): hấp tấp
✓ hasty (adj): vội vàng
✓ spontaneous (adj): tự phát
✓ on the spur of the moment: đột nhiên
✓ trustworthy (adj): đáng tin cậy
✓ blunt (adj): lỗ mãng
✓ to speak one's mind: thằng thắn mà nói
✓ deceitful (adj): dối trá, lừa lọc
✓ devious (adj): thủ đoạn, ranh ma
✓ cunning (adj): xảo quyệt
✓ mislead (v): lừa dối
✓ tight-fisted (adj): hà tiện
✓ greedy (adj): tham lam
PRACTICE
1. He was a little more______that the others, and answered my questions warily.
A. reserved B. lazy C. apathetic D. passive
2. She's not very____. She's never quite sure what she wants to do.
A. energetic B. lively C. active D. decisive
3. Even though they don't agree with what's happening, they're_____to protest.
A. outgoing B. subdued C. quiet D. apathetic
4. I'm sure he enjoyed the evening. He didn't say much because he's_____by nature.
A. passive B. subdued C. inactive D. quiet
5. He's always been very_____so he hates not being able to do anything now that he's ill.
A. decisive B. active C. outgoing D. loud
6. It's always difficult to know what she's thinking because she's so_____
A. apathetic B. inactive C. subdued D. reserved
7. The successful candidate must have_____, as he or she will have to work without
supervision.
A. action B. a go C. initiative D. decision
8. You're too_____. You should think before you act.
A. unconscious B. sloppy C. spontaneous D. impulsive
9. She lost her job because she was_____. She made far too many mistakes.
A.rash
B. inefficient
C. subdued
D. incautious
10. We didn't plan the celebration. It was_____.
A. impulsive B. rash C. hasty D. spontaneous
11. Don't be_____! It's a bad idea to phone them while you're angry. Wait until you've
calmed down.
A. sloppy B. spontaneous C. rash D. careless
12. She was very_______and told me quite simply that she didn't like me.
A. genuine B. open C. blunt D. sincere
13. She's so________. One minute she's your best friend, and the next minute she doesn't
want to know you.
A. deceptive B. two-faced C. deceitful D. misleading
14. The way he got me to do his work for him, without me realizing what was really
happening, was very_______.
A. devious B. misleading C. crooked D. false
15. Their brochure is full of______information. For example it says that all rooms are with
shower, but it doesn't say that in some cases the shower is halfway down the corridor.
A. misleading B. deceptive C. deceitful D. insincere
16. It was really________of her to keep talking when she knew that I was trying to
concentrate.
A. inconsiderate B. unsympathetic C. helpless D. ungrateful
17. I've been on the_____since six o'clock this morning.
A. traveling B. house C. go D. cage
18. You've got to stop making decisions about your business_______like this, or you'll end
up running it into the ground!
A. under your belt B. on the go
C. on the spur of the moment D. one of a kind
19. He had the reputation of being one of the most______and demanding of employers.
A. tight-fisted B. initiative C. go D. decision
20. When I woke up the next morning, I was dizzy,_____, vomiting and confused.
A. impulsive B. lethargic C. cunning D. blunt
well-mannered (adj) /,wel 'm^n.ad/
behaving in a pleasant and polite way (cư xử tốt)
Ex: The other visitors were too well-mannered to complain.
flatter (v) /'fl^t.ar/
to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important, sometimes in a way that is not sincere (tâng
bốc, xu nịnh)
Ex: I knew he was only flattering me because he wanted to borrow some money.
civil (adj) /'siv.al/
polite and formal (lịch thiệp)
Ex: His manner was civil, though not particularly friendly.
tactful (adj) /'tekt.fal/
careful not to say or do anything that could upset someone (khéo xử, thận trọng)
Ex: Mentioning his baldness wasn't very tactful.
diplomatic (adj) /.dip.la'm^t.ik/
acting in a way that does not cause offence (lịch sự, tế nhị)
Ex: Ask him nicely - be diplomatic.
crawl to sb /kra:l/
to try hard to please in order to get an advantage (xu nịnh)
Ex: She crawled to the group leader because she wanted a promotion.
take offence at sth
to feel offended by something, often unnecessary (mếch lòng)
Ex: Do you think he took offence at what I said about his hair?
insult (n) /'in.sAlt/
an offensive remark or action (lời lăng mạ, xỉ nhục)
Ex: She made several insults about my appearance.
abrupt (adj) Zo'brAptZ
not friendly or polite; showing little interest in talking to other people (thô lỗ, cộc lốc)
Ex: His abrupt manner makes me uncomfortable.
self-conscious (adj) /.selEkun./bs/
uncomfortable about yourself and worried about disapproval from other people (e dè, ngượng ngập)
Ex: He had very bad skin as a teenager and it made him painfully self-conscious.
Quiz
tactful flattering self-conscious abrupt taken offence
1. I always feel very______________when I'm with him.
2. ‘I’m far too busy to talk to you now,' he said, in his usual________manner.
3. She seems to have_____________at something I said.
4. We decided that it would be______to leave, seem they obviously wanted to be alone.
5. You’re_________me - I know my English isn't that good.
inhibited (adj) /in'hib.l.tid/
not confident enough to say or do what you want (gượng gạo, rụt rè)
Ex: The presence of strangers made her feel inhibited.
arrogant (adj) /'^r.a.gant/
behaving in a proud, unpleasant way, showing little thought for other people (kiêu căng, ngạo mạn)
Ex: I watched the interview and thought he seemed quite arrogant.
big-headed (adj) / big'hed.id/
having a very high opinion of how important and clever you are; too proud (tự cao, tự đại)
Ex: People keep telling her she's clever and it's made her big-headed.
vain (adj) /vein/
too interested in your own appearance or achievements (kiêu ngạo, tự phụ)
Ex: He was very vain about his hair and his clothes.
smug (adj) /sm.\g/
too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know (quá tự mãn)
Ex: She deserved her promotion, but I wish she wasn't so smug about it.
bossy (adj) /'bus.i/
always telling people what to do (hách dịch)
Ex: Guys of that age can get quite bossy.
self-opinionated (adj) /.self.a'pin.ja.nei.tid/
believing that your own opinions are always right and refusing to listen to those of other people (bảo thủ)
Ex: He's so self-opinionated that it's impossible to have a reasonable discussion with him.
superior (adj) /su:'pio.ri.or/
showing by your behaviour that you think you are better than others (hợm hĩnh, làm cao)
Ex: I can't stand Amanda - she's so superior.
condescending (adj) /.kun.di'sen.dip/
treating someone as if you are more important or more intelligent than them (kiêu căng, khinh thị)
Ex: I hate the way he's so condescending to his staff!
domineering (adj) /.dom.i'nio.rip/
trying to control other people without thinking about their feelings (độc đoán, hống hách)
Ex: I thought he was arrogant and domineering.
Quiz
domineering bossy smug superior inhibited
1. She feels_________to other people because she comes from a wealthy family.
2. Don't be so_______! I'm not your servant.
3. He was told at work that he was too____________and unable to delegate responsibility.
4. Now don't get______just because you've won a couple of games.
5. Boys are often more________than girls about discussing their problems.
boast about (phrV) /boost/
to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own (khoe khoang)
Ex: Parents enjoy boasting about their children's achievements.
talk down to sb
to talk to someone as if they are less intelligent than you or not important (nói để hạ thấp ai đó)
Ex: I wish politicians wouldn't talk down to us as if we were idiots.
look down on sb (phrV)
to think that you are better than someone (coi thường)
Ex: She thinks they look down on her because she doesn't have a job.
obstinate (adj) /'ub.sti.nat/
refusing to change your opinions, way of behaving, etc. (bướng bỉnh, ngoan cố)
Ex: He can be very obstinate when he wants to be!
awkward (adj) /'o:.kwad/
uncooperative; difficult to deal with (không hợp tác)
Ex: I want him to change his plans, but he's being awkward.
persistent (adj) /pa'sis.tant/
continuing stubbornly to do something, in spite of opposition or difficulty (khăng khăng, cố chấp)
Ex: If he hadn't been so persistent, he wouldn't have got his money back.
single-minded (adj) /.sip.gal'main.did/
very determined to achieve something (quyết tâm, quả quyết)
Ex: She is single-minded in her pursuit of her studies.
broad-minded (adj) /,bro:d'main.d
willing to accept other people's behaviour and beliefs (phóng khoáng, rộng rãi)
Ex: At 70 she was surprisingly broad-minded.
bigoted (adj) /'big.a.tid/
showing strong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions and a refusal to change them (mù quáng)
Ex: He's so bigoted that he refuses to accept anyone who doesn't think like him.
assertive (adj) /a's3:.tiv/
behaving confidently and able to say in a direct way what you want or believe (quả quyết, quyết đoán)
Ex: If you really want the promotion, you’ll have to be more assertive.
Quiz
assertive
obstinate
bigoted talks down to
broad-minded
1. He's so________that it's impossible to discuss politics with him.
2. I can talk to my parents about absolutely everything. They're very____________.
3. There's no point in arguing with her - she's far too__________to listen.
4. I really hate the way she_____________me all the time — just because she's the boss's
daughter.
5. I've had to train myself to be more_________at work.
✓ well-mannered (adj): cư xử tốt
✓ flatter (v): tâng bốc
✓ civil (adj): lịch thiệp
✓ tactful (adj): khéo léo, thận trọng
✓ diplomatic (adj): lịch sự, tế nhị
✓ crawl to sb (v): xu nịnh
✓ take offence at sth: mếch lòng
✓ insult (n): lời lăng mạ
✓ abrupt (adj): thô lỗ
✓ self-conscious (adj): e dè, ngượng ngập
✓ inhibited (adj): gượng gạo
✓ arrogant (adj): kiêu căng
✓ big-headed (adj): tự cao
✓ vain (adj): kiêu ngạo
✓ smug (adj): quá tự mãn
✓ bossy (adj): hách dịch
✓ self-opinionated (adj): bảo thủ
✓ superior (adj): hợm hĩnh, làm cao
✓ condescending (adj): kiêu căng, khinh thị
✓ domineering (adj): độc đoán, hống hách
✓ boast about (phrV): khoe khoang
✓ talk down to sb: nói để hạ thấp ai đó
✓ look down on sb: coi thường ai
✓ obstinate (adj): bướng bỉnh, ngoan cố
✓ awkward (adj): không hợp tác
✓ persistent (adj): khăng khăng, cố chấp
✓ single-minded (adj): quả quyết
✓ broad-minded (adj): phóng khoáng
✓ bigoted (adj): mù quáng
✓ assertive (adj): quả quyết
PRACTICE
1. We felt______that so many people came to our party.
A. civil B. diplomatic C. flattered D. well-mannered
2. Being_____is the best way of swaying your loved one into your way of thinking.
A. bad-mannered B. crawl C. tactful D. insulting
3. He is sometimes very_____with clients.
A. abrupt B. smug C. superior D. boastful
4. Jim is boasting_____the getting promotion, but the boss hasn't officially awarded it yet.
A. with B. of C. for D. about
5. She____offence at the way the assistant spoke to her.
A. made B. took C. gave D. went
6. He had very bad skin as a teenager and it made him painfully______.
A. self-conscious B. tactful C. diplomatic D. abrupt
7. It is obvious that you are not confused by the facts nor_____by the truth.
A. arrogant B. inhibited C. big-headed D. civil
8. She is independent, strong-willed and determined and is often_____with others.
A. superior B. tactful C. bossy D. conscientious
9. This______and often rude man was always honorable and usually sensitive.
A. civil B. tactful C. diplomatic D. obstinate
10. I don't mind you saying nasty things about me, but don't_____my mother.
A. awkward B. insult C. take offence D. assert
11. Nobody likes her at work because she crawls____the boss.
A. to B. with C. for D. from
12. It's______to believe that nobody can do anything better than you can.
A. tactful B. well-mannered C. arrogant D. abrupt
13. If you weren't so_____, you'd realize that the problems I’m talking about might happen to
you one day.
A. diplomatic B. smug C. awkward D. single-minded
14. She feels superior____other people because she comes from a wealthy family.
A. to B. off C. of D. from
15. He’s_____to foreigners because they don't speak the language.
A. tactful B. diplomatic C. inhibited D. condescending
16. She's so______- no one else, has a chance to say anything when she's there.
A. smug B. well-mannered C. domineering D. offended
17. He looks_____people who don't have as many qualifications as he has.
A. up to B. into C. up D. down on
18. She's so______about her career that she's never considered marriage or children.
A. single-minded B. arrogant C. stubborn D. vain
19. Although I'd read a lot of bad things about America, I was quite______when I went
there.
A. offended B. broad-minded C. insulted D. obstinate
20. I have never attended a more_____and disturbing presentation.
A. assertive B. single-minded C. bigoted D. civil
ÔN LUYỆN TỪ VỰNG (1)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. She was______out of 115 applicants for the position of Managing Director.
A. short - changed B. short - listed
C. short - sighted D. short - handed
2. In my opinion, those teachers are devoted to their students and set a______example for
them.
A. shining B. marvelous C. nice D. promising
3. Lan: "She seems______for the job".
- Hoa: "Yes. Everybody thinks she's perfectly suited for it."
A. ready-made B. home-made C. tailor-made D. self-made
4. The students' plan for a musical show to raise money for charity received________
support from the school administrators.
A. warm-hearted B. light-hearted
C. whole-hearted D. big-hearted
5. Manchester United____a good result away from home at the weekend, despite playing
the second half with only ten men.
A. succeeded B. won C. achieved D. earned
6. Three prisoners_______from the central prison this morning. Police have described them
as dangerous and warned the public not to approach them if seen.
A. emptied B. abandoned C. escaped D. rushed
7. Often neglected, noise pollution________affects the human being, leading to irritation,
loss of concentration, and loss of hearing.
A. virtually B. merely C. adversely D. intensively
8. There is a_______line between helping someone with a problem and interfering.
A. thin B. dividing C. fine D. small
9. We should_______with the difficulties we were confronted with rather than sitting still and
complaining.
A. acquaint B. contend C. comply D. accord
10. Sue would suffer obesity if she couldn't control her_________overeating.
A. compulsive B. disastrous C. exhaustive D. unbearable
11. It's me who is at________, so I'll pay for the damage.
A. guilt B. responsibility C. error D. fault
12. During our holiday, we were so lucky to stay in a room with a good______of the sea.
A. view B. look C. sight D. vision
13. He was expecting a prison sentence but the judge took_______on him.
A. disgrace B. shame C. dishonor D. pity
14. He refused to_______to the local customs, which caused him a lot of troubles.
A. conform B. resist C. hinder D. obey
15. You can't believe a word that woman says - she is a_____liar.
A. dedicated B. committed C. compulsive D. devoted
16. There can be no_____fixes or magic solutions to the problem of unemployment.
A. quick B. sudden C. speedy D. fast
17. The health and safety inspector closed the food shop down until it could_______with
health and safety regulations.
A. associates B. comply C. confront D. contrast
18. The switch to the specialized database is______scheduled for May 18, but it may need
to be postponed.
A. formerly B. especially C. regularly D. tentatively
19. Orvale School's business mentors are retired executives with a______of expertise across
a wide range of industries.
A. wealth B. height C. labor D. fame
20. The software for tracking orders has been_______successfully as it has greatly
decreased time spent on the task.
A. haltingly B. intimately C. permissibly D. markedly
21. People must_______the law. Nobody should be an exception.
A. adhere B. comply C. abide D. observe
22. Ms. Mills has correctly predicted that sales would increase_______as the company's
radio advertisement continues to air.
A. arguably B. reportedly C. productively D. incrementally
23. The planned construction of several new office buildings in Newbury has created a demand for skilled
workers.
A. lengthy B. plenty C. sizable D. durable
24. Based on new data, Min - Soo Trucking's proposal to expand its business to Southeast
Asia would be only_______successful.
A. conspicuously B. marginally C. regrettably D. intriguingly
25. Teachers have learned to take shortages of textbooks and equipment in their_____.
A. course B. stride C. scope D. habit
26. It required Thao to end her illegal_____and return the seal and the business registration
certificate of Trung Nguyen Investment Corp.
A. article B. seizure C. certificates D. belongings
27. Much of her talent for teaching_______in her ability to understand common fears and
problems that her students experience.
A. stands B. belongs C. bases D. lies
28. Lack of rain early in the season meant that the fields______a poor crop.
A. surrendered B. suffered C. yielded D. generated
29. According to the forecast it will be mostly cloudy with____of rain in the north.
A. bursts B. times C. outbreaks D. elements
30. As was____predicted, the company has announced hundreds of job losses.
A. substantially B. amply C. considerably D. widely
31. It________her being a teacher. I can't imagine her doing anything else.
A. fits B. agrees C. suits D. matches
32. The example you have just referred to has no_______on the matter under discussion.
A. connection B. bearing C. dependence D. relation
33. I take_____to that remark. It's a quite unjustified insinuation.
A. affront B. displeasure C. exception D. offence
34. Mrs. Foster couldn't remember what she had to buy for the weekend as she lost her
shopping_______
A. list B. form C. code D. record
35. At one moment, the teacher got nervous seeing that whatever she said was______on the
students who weren't paying attention to the lecture.
A. missed B. slipped C. failed D. lost
36. He was a highly______teacher who took his duties seriously but he has neither the
personality nor ability to achieve much success.
A. conscientious B. capable C. efficient D. talented
37. The teacher was______because he couldn't control his students.
A. referred B. dismissed C. deserted D. omitted
38. The professor noticed that the student's essay_______a strong resemblance to an article
he had seen published in a journal.
A. bore B. held C. carried D. contained
39. It's no way getting angry with your students. You'll have to_____their respect first if
you want them to cooperate.
A. possess B. promote C. win D. achieve
40. Prof. Brown was a most effective speaker and his audience seemed to______on to his
every word.
A. catch B. cling C. hold D. hang
41. I wonder whether the lecturer will be up to the______questions such an audience is
capable of.
A. cutting B. examining C. piercing D. searching
42. His answer was so confused that I could hardly made any______of it at all.
A. interruption B. sense C. meaning D. intelligibility
43. Waiting outside the examination room, I trembled with______
A. attention B. comprehension C. expectation D. apprehension
44. His test results are not very______. He does well one month and badly the next.
45. A. consequent____________________B. continuous C. consistent D. invariableMy hopes of becoming a
doctor______________________________when I failed my “A” levels.
A. cracked
B. crashed
C. crumbled
46. smashedI was completely by most of the exam questions, so I must have failed.
A. baffled B. harassed C. stultified D. stupefied
47. Having already graduated from another university, he was______from the entrance
examination.
A. deferred B. excluded C. prohibited D. exempted
48. This exam is supposed to be_______because the marking is not affected by individual
preferences.
A. concrete B. objective C. impersonal D. open - minded
49. I got very nervous during the exam. When the examiner asked my name, my mind went
completely_________.
A. empty B. white C. blank D. void
50. The student was admitted even though his test scores were____
A. underscored B. successive C. qualitative D. marginal
ÔN TẬP TỪ VỰNG (2)
1. Prof. Milton spoke clearly and________so we could understand every word he said.
A. distinctly B. distinct C. distinguishable D. legibly
2. My heart was_______as I skimmed the examination results table looking for my name.
A. pounding B. skipping C. bursting D. shivering
3. I was the last one to complete the course - but I still felt_____good about my
performance.
A. very B. utterly C. completely D. totally
4. Pete says he doesn't need to study because he's awfully good at_______.
A. jamming B. ramming C. cramming D. cramping
5. My mother was very_____when I failed my exams, in fact she said that it was my own
fault for not working harder.
A. thoughtless B. unsympathetic C. inconsiderate D. unkind
6. If it hadn't been for the hint that the professor_____, nobody would have found out the
correct answer.
A. cast
B. threw
C. dropped
7. D. flungOf course you'll pass. You write well and you have an excellent of the subject.
A. grip
B. grasp
C. seizure
8. D. embraceSince Oscar has no proper reason for missing school, his absence should be treated as
A. truancy B. desertion C. neglect D. abstention
9. This class seems to have only a______knowledge of what they are supposed to achieve.
A. smattering B. faded C. rudimentary D. comprehensive
10. As she didn't understand the teacher's question, she merely gave him a______look.
A. blank B. clear C. simple D. useless
11. Veronica broke the school rules so many times that the headmistress finally had no
alternative but to______.
A. deport B. expel C. eject D. export
12. The children’s bad behavior in class______their teacher beyond endurance.
A. disturbed B. distracted C. arouse D. exasperated
13. Children can be difficult to teach because of their short attention_______
A. limit B. span C. duration D. time
14. Although we have a large number of students, each one receives_____attention.
A. alone B. only C. single D. individual
15. Because Trevor had started a fight in the playground, he was in________for the rest of
that day.
A. disgrace B. exile C. dishonor D. punishment
16. The needs of gifted children in schools have long been_____neglected.
A dolefully B. pathetically C. idly D. woefully
17. Social differences tend to be______when private and state schools exist side by side.
A. raised B. added C. augmented D. elevated
18. The schoolboy’s excuse wasn’t______at all. Nobody in the classroom believed in the far
- fetched story he told.
A. credential B. creditable C. credible D. credulous
19. Young school children are more likely to be influenced by pressure from their______
than from their families.
A. peers B. counterparts C. equals D. colleagues
20. We sent him to the best school in England and hired the best teachers, but it was all
________as he had no will to learn at all.
A. futile B. inaccurate C. invalid D. vain
21. Maria ______with embarrassment when Mark asked her to stand up and come in front of
class.
A. blink B. frowned C. blushed D. winked
22. Arnold is ________a bit with his English classes, so his parents have arranged for him to
have private tuition.
A. dragging B. struggling C. straining D. fighting
23. What’s done is done. It’s_____wondering what would have happened if you had passed
the exam.
A. futile
B. helpless
C. ineffectual
D. valueless
24. After the serious talk with his tutor, Hilary____himself more conscientiously to his
studies.
A. exerted B. converted C. engaged D. applied
25. The students in the nursing department are____female.
A. restrictively B. predominantly C. arbitrarily D. spontaneously
26. John hasn't studied hard this year, so, in the last couple of months, he's had to work just to catch up.
A. vaguely B. intensely C. barely D. randomly
27. I tried to concentrate on my homework but my eyes kept______away from the
handbook.
A. digressing B. straying C. rambling D. lapsing
28. Wilfred was so______in his studies that he did not notice the time passing.
A. drenched B. drowned C. soaked D. engrossed
29. Tom never makes mistakes because he does his work so______.
A. meticulously B. superficially C. tactfully D. essentially
30. It's twenty years since I worked in Germany and my German is pretty_____now.
A. rusty B. scratchy C. sloppy D. stale
31. He didn't speak a word of French when he first moved to France. He had to pick up the
language from_______.
A. nil B. start C. nought D. scratch
32. The Examination Syndicate was most impressed by the overseas student whose English
was_______.
A. spotless B. infallible C. impeccable D. irreproachable
33. Numbers in the Latin evening class have______rather badly. We must have to close it.
A. lessened B. deteriorated C. reduced D. dwindled
34. It was a complicated, subtle text, and the translator was not sure he had captured all its of meaning.
A. nuances B. tones C. shadows D. allusions
35. The team's coach insisted on a program of_____training before the big match.
A. rigorous B. harsh C. severe D. searching
36. After the football match the crowds______out of the stadium into the nearest bars and
café.
A. poured B. leaked C. trickled D. dripped
37. As he turned to chase the ball, the center forward______his knee and collapsed in agony.
A. contorted B. tortured C. twisted D. crumpled
38. He was so badly injured that they had to bring on a____and carry him off the football
pitch.
A. stretcher B. hammock C. bed D. bunk
39. Tickets booked on this flight are not_____.
A. assignable B. transferable C. passable D. moveable
40. Without delay, she booked a (n)_____flight to Danang so as to be in time for the
meeting.
A. instant B. even C. straight D. direct
41. Passengers are asked to_____their cigarettes and to refrain from smoking until the reach
the terminal building.
A. extinguish B. smother C. put D. douse
42. The aircraft experienced severe______during the final approach, but the pilot kept his
cool and landed in safety.
A. instability B. wavering C. unsteadiness D. turbulence
43. The sea between Dover and Calais was so_____that most of the passengers were
seasick.
A. heavy
B. bumpy
C. choppy D. gusty
44. The captain realized that unless immediate action was taken to discipline the crew, there
could be a ______on the ship.
A. rebellion B. mutiny C. riot D. strike
45. Harrison Ford's career truly began after he was awarded an Oscar for best______actor.
A. supporting B. sustaining C. substitute D. subsequent
46. The ______music for the film has been taken from the works of Chopin.
A. intervening B. incidental C. passing D. supplementary
47. The Oscar winning actress simply______charm and professionalism in her acceptance
speech.
A. excluded B. exuded C. expunged D. extricated
48. The children gazed_______at the magician as he performed his tricks.
A. eagle - eyed B. hawk - eyed C. wide - eyed D. open - eyed
49. Everybody was_____about the latest production at the National Theatre.
A. reveling B. triumphing C. delighting D. raving
50. Saying you enjoy rock music is______to admitting you are completely cloth - eared.
A. tantamount B. virtually C. liable D. boundÔN LUYỆN TỪ VỰNG (3)
questions.
1. Swallows cannot take off from the ground like most birds, they use wind currents to through the air.
A. beat B. glide C. flap D. skid
2. ____half - starving wolves were roaming the snow - covered countryside.
A. Flocks B. Herbs C. Swarms D. Packs
3. Wild rabbits used to common here but now they are______
A. deficient B. wanting C. insufficient D. scarce
4. I have rarely seen such an impressive sight as a____of buffalo roaming over the plains.
A. swarm B. herd C. pack D. flock
5. ______calculations have shown that the earth's resources may run out before the end of
the next century.
A. Raw B. Blunt C. Crude D. Rude
6. All industries should be made______for the damage the cause.
A. guilty B. accountable C. culpable D. blamed
7. Sewage causes a serious health hazard when it is_____directly into rivers and seas.
A. terminated B. flushed C. blown D. eschewed
8. Pesticidesaren't effective anymore because insects have become______to them.
A. resistant B. irresistible C. stubborn D. offensive
9. There was a sudden_____of anger in the Generals eyes as he listened to the soldier's
report.
A. fire B. flash C. flame D. shade
10. Schik claimed_____from military service as he was a foreign national.
A. demobilization B. exception C. exemption D. liability
11. Our plan is completely_____. Nothing can possibly go wrong.
A. foolproof B. foolhardy C. airtight D. waterproof
12. After hearing news of the attack, the general made plans for an immediate______against
the enemy.
A. reverberation B. retaliation C. resurrection D. repulsion
13. He was charged with a (n)_______of currency regulations.
A. break B. observance C. disrespect D. breach
14. Through the years, Ontario Housewares has______its commitment to sell only the
highest - quality kitchen appliances.
A. linked B. relieved C. honored D. attracted
15. While Mrs and Mr Simpson were asleep, the burglar pickled the lock of their front door
and crept_______into the living room.
A. stealthily B. lazily C. clumsily D. criminally
16. When the truth about the blackmail attempt finally______, we were all astonished to hear
who the culprit was.
A. evolved B. arose C. emerged D. issued
17. When his accomplices failed to turn up at the meeting point, it_______on him that he had
been tricked.
A. broke B. dawned C. awoke D. became dear
18. Several months later, they discovered that the_______businessman had robbed many
poor people of their life savings.
A. unscrupulous B. unaware C. ridiculous D. blatant
19. Police in Gaza______a suspicious - looking woman at the border and found that she had
three live crocodiles tied to her.
A. halted
B. intended
C. collided
D. renovated
20. The boy had a history of_______theft but had never been accused of a serious crime.
A. little B. small C. petty D. unimportant
21. When the police examined the house, they found that the lock had been_____with.
A. broken B. hindered C. touched D. tampered
22. In attacking the old lady, the youth committed a_____crime.
A. evil B. heinous C. bad D. naughty
23. Very serious crimes, such as murder, are punishable by death, this is called_______
punishment.
A. capital B. corporal C. death D. execution
24. Although he had decided to give up his life of crime, he found it difficult to persuade
people to_______him seriously.
A. see B. take C. relate D. think
25. The murder weapon was eventually found after a______search of the field, which lasted
several days.
A. vigilant B. painstaking C. particular D. circumspect
26. Although he was a hardened criminal, his one______feature was his love of children.
A. saving B. acquitting C. recovering D. redeeming
27. When the detectives finally trapped him, he had to_____to lying.
A. recourse B. retort C. resource D. resort
28. The murderer proved to be an apparently well - behaved______middle - aged women.
A. unoffending B. offensive C. inoffensive D. unsuspicious
29. He found some squatters living in his house, so he asked the court for a speedy____
order.
A. discharge B. eviction C. ejection D. expulsion
30. The company was dealt with a_______blow when its chief designer deserted to another
firm.
A. killing
B. mortal
C. homicidal
31. D. suicidalMary attempted to herself with her new boss by volunteering to take on extra
work.
A. gratify
B. ingratiate
C. please
32. D. commendShe tried to Tom's importance to the company in order to gain a promotion for
herself.
A. tread on
B. dwindle
C. diminish
33. D. shrinkCan you explain this often years in your job history which you have not
accounted for?
A. interruption B. gap C. opening D. parting
34. A trusted employee was discovered to have______confidential plans for a competing
company.
A. leaked B. spread C. rumored D. stolen
35. The company directors asked the government to_______in the dispute and prevent a
strike.
A. intercept B. intervene C. interact D. interpose
36. The doctors thought he had got over the worst, but his condition suddenly______.
A. disintegrated B. dismantled C. deteriorated D. dissolved
37. In a five - hour operation, surgeons managed to sew the boy's_______hand back on.
A. severed B. grazed C. crushed D. cut
38. His solicitor advised him to make sure that the house was fully______by insurance.
A. protected B. defended C. guarded D. covered
39. A pair of_____trousers, over - used and over - large, did little to improve to boy's
appearance.
A. wide B. baggy C. flowing D. windy
40. To say that all Polish Americans wear brightly colored clothes is a______generalization.
A. brushing B. complete C. thorough D. sweeping
41. The room was in a terrible mess with a of clothes all over the floor.
A. mixture
B. huddle C. group D. jumble
42. Wearing odd socks would be classes as_______behavior.
A. erotic
B. ecstatic C. eccentric D. exotic
43. Pat's______of dress frequently harks back to the days when Parisian couture was all the
rage.
A. mode B. method C. tone D. design
44. It______to reason that Jason passed the exam with flying colors on account of his
working hard during the term.
A. comes B. gets C. stands D. lays
45. According to the latest news______, three mountain climbers have been killed in the
blizzard.
A. bulletin
B. statement
C. notification
D. announcement
46. ______to fame at an early age may have a negative influence on children's psychological
development.
A. Approaching B. Reaching C. Going D. Rising
47. He was so_____in the TV program that he forgot to turn the oven off.
A. distracted B. attracted C. gripped D. engrossed
48. In most countries, photocopying books without the publisher's permission is clearly a
copyright_______.
A. interference B. interpretation C. infringement D. infliction
49. The big new supermarket on the outskirts of town does a______trade.
A. crying B. roaring C. screaming D. shouting
50. Teachers aren't forbidden from giving private lessons to students, but it is______upon.
A. scowled B. glowered C. grimaced D. frowned
ÔN TẬP TỪ VỰNG (4) - CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ
questions.
1. In the early years of the 20th century, several rebellions broke_____in the northern parts
of the country.
A. down B. up C. out D. into
2. British Leyland is aiming to______its share of UK car sales to 25% over the next two
years.
A. push on B. push out C. push up D. push through
3. I think I need to take my car to the mechanic because it's acting____again.
A. for B. in C. of D. up
4. Could you_______a moment while I see if Peter is in his office?
A. get along well B. get on C. hold on D. stand up
5. The fire burned_______more than 15 houses in the area last night.
A. down B. out C. off D. away
6. Don't expect that the changes brought_____by the new law will make everyone happy.
A. around B. over C. up D. about
7. For me, the film didn't________all the enthusiastic publicity it received.
A. come up B. live up to C. turn up to D. live up
8. As a result of his father's death, he________a lot of money.
A. came into B. came over C. came to D. came through
9. The school drama club is________a play for the school's anniversary, which is due to
take place next month.
A. turning up B. bringing down C. putting on D. making off
10. He left last month to take_______a new position as Director of the Trade Department.
A. after B. on C. in D. up
11. After standing in the sun for more than an hour, two of the people in the queue passed
and they came after some women threw water in their faces.A. away - round
B. out - back
C. away - by
D. out - to
12. I came
an old friend yesterday. It was really nice to see her after all this time.
A. across
B. into
C. up
D. out
13. On hearing the news, she fainted and it was half an hour before she came again.
A. round
B. up
C. over
D. forward
14. I'll never be able to
my colleagues after getting so drunk last night at the work
party.
A. face with
B. face up to C. fade away D. fill out
15. I______with my sister last month and we haven't talked to each other since.
A. fell out
B. fell off
C. fell behind
D. fell away16. He was the last person to see the woman alive, and suspicion immediately him.
A. fell behind
B. fell off
C. fell in
fell on17. She's gradually getting_____________________________a bad cold, which kept her work for several
weeks.
A. over - off B. on - of C. over - from D. up - away from
18. After days of trying to persuade my parents to allow me to go on the field trip, they
finally gave_____ ____and agreed to let me go.
A. out B. up C. off D. in
19.There isn't any sugar, I'm afraid you have to_______.
A. run out B. do without C. make for D. put up

with
20. Mrs. Henry came to the market hoping to___ ____a cheap coat.
A. pick on B. pick up C. pick through D. pick out
21. I'd like to buy the radio, but I haven't got any many on me at the moment. Could you
______a day for me a day or two?
A. put it on one side B. lay it in
C. bring in round D. take it in

22. Could you stand
_____for me and teach my history class tomorrow morning, John?
_
A. in B. down C. out D. up
23. Mr. Black was a terrible teacher and obviously not for teaching.A. cut out B. cut on C. cut in
24. Mrs. Aleis waited for the class to______before she continued.
A. bring up B. pass away C. settle down
25. You can______your shorthand by taking notes during lectures.
A. keep B. keep in C. keep up
D. cut up
D. bring on
D. keep on
26. The lecturer spoke so fast that I found it hard to take_____what he was saying.
A. away
B. over
C. in
27. D. upAs my exam is next month, I'll take advantage of the week off to_on some reading.
A. catch up
B. hurry up C. make up D. pick up
28. Fiona decided not to
the exam in December.A. take on B. get round to C. go in for D. make for
29. Isn't it time you_____some serious work before the examination?
A. got off with B. took up with
C. got down to D. put down to
30. My brother got_____all his exams - in fact, he got A grades!
A. past B. down C. through D. into
31. The school examination for eleven - year - olds was______some years ago.
A. done away with B. drawn up
C. carried out D. followed up
32. Peter knew he didn't get______with cheating in the exam.
A. away B. on C. up D. along
33. I couldn't finish the test because I ran time.
A. out of
B. off
C. up
34. D. awaySteve his chance of passing by sending too much time on the first question.
A. threw out
B. threw away C. threw off D. threw in
35. She_____for lost time by studying at weekends.
A. got up
B. made up
C. set about
D. put in
36. Many people with poor academic records turns careers.
to be very successful in their
A. out B. in C. up D. over
37. They should______corporal punishment at school, if you ask me.
A. get back B. carry on C. keep up D. bring back
38. If you______with your work, it will be difficult to catch up later.
A. drop out B. join in C. play away D. fall behind
39. I think Sarah just couldn't cope with the workload of university and a young family,
maybe dropping______was the most sensible decision she could have made.
A. off B. out C. to D. in
40. Frank thought the other students would think he was English, but his accent gave him
A. away B. in C. out D. up
41. The increase from 5 million to 350 million speakers of English has come_______
because of any special merits in the language itself.
A. to B. up C. forward D. about
42. Although he hadn't spoken French for many years, he picked it______again after a few
weeks.
A. up B. over C. on D. through
43. She's decided to_____her German by an evening course.
A. dust off B. patch up C. polish off D. brush up
44. If you like to wait a moment, sir, I will just____your file on the computer screen.
A. call up B. pull down C. bring in D. pick up
45. Do you think that mixed-ability classes hold______the better students?
A. at B. up C. back D. behind
46. He tried to even_____the distribution of work among his employees.
A. out B. into C. for D. about
47. Sarah desperately wanted to be an actress, so when they offered her a part in the play, she it.
A. burst into
B. jumped at
C. went in for
D. grew into
48. They’re not trustworthy. I don't think we should_________into any agreement with
them.
A. ease
B. eat
C.even
49. D. enterAlthough I was supposed to be the guest, he had mislaid his wallet and I up
paying for the meal.
A. eased
B. ate
C. embarked
D.endedThey out all the obvious problems at the first committee meeting.A. ironed
B. got rid C. got
D. handed

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Grade 12 - Nâng Cao Từ Vựng - Cơ Bản

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UNIT 1 ENVIRONMENT (1)

responsibility (n) /ri.spnn.síbil.s.ti/ trách nhiệm

contaminated (adj) /k9n'tem.i.neit/ ô nhiễm

Ex: The surface water in the Red River is contaminated

ecology (n) /i'knl.9.d3Ĩ/ sinh thái học

Ex: The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile

fallout (n) /'fo:l.aut/ bụi phóng xạ, chất phóng xạ

Ex: There is concern that the giant panda will soon

explode (v) /ik'spbud/ nổ tung

Ex: A parcel bomb, bound for Austin, Texas, exploded at a

adverse (adj) /'^d.v3:s/ có hại, bất lợi

threaten (v) /'0ret.3n/ đe dọa

Ex: Climate change threatens Britain's

Ex: The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in

disappearance (n) /Idis.9'pi9.r3ns/ sự biến mất

impact (v) (n) /'zm.p^kt/ ảnh hưởng

Ex: The IPCC Special Report on Global Warming highlights

conservation (n) Ạkưn.sovei.pn/ sự bảo tồn

advocate (v) /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ ủng hộ

suffer (v) /ˈsʌf.ər/ / chịu đựng, gánh chịu

drought (n) /draut/ hạn hán

exhaust fumes (n) /:g'zo:st fju:mz/ khí thải

hazardous (adj) /ˈhæz.ə.dəs/ nguy hiểm

tackle (v) /ˈtæk.əl/ giải quyết, đối phó

awareness (n) /əˈweə.nəs/ sự nhận thức

accompany (v) /s'kAm.ps.ni/ theo cùng

1. The world in which we live is our_________

3. A. smoke B. gas C. vapor

6. A. pipes B. exhausts C. smoke

7. A. poisonous B. damaged C. ill

Complete each blank with a word from the box

1. We cut down the trees but then we had to dig up its_______.

UNIT 2 ENVIRONMENT (2)

pollutant (n) /pa'lu:.t3nt/

meat - eating (adj) /mi:t i:tig/

Famine is a prolonged food (1)__________that causes widespread hunger and death.

curb (v) /k3:b/

10. A. monkeys B. hippos

advancement (n) /ad'va:ns.mant/ sự tiến bộ

appliance (n) /9'plai.ans/ thiết bị, dụng cụ

Cô: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Cô: Vũ Thị Mai Phương

1. A. bag B. basket C. goal D. net

2. A. enemy B. opponent C. fighter D. opposite

3. A. umpire B. started C. controller D. ruler

4. A. bat B. stick C. club D. racquet

5. A. pitch B. table C. court D. square

2. A. annual B. every C. all

3. A. another B. other C. one

5. A. usually B. play C.they

6. A. players B. teams C. games

8. A. Every B. One D. Some

9. A. player B. things C. kinds

10. A. since B. in C. for

infuriate (v) /in'fjoa.ri.eit/

A. run out B. do without C. make for D. put up

A. pick on B. pick up C. pick through D. pick out

C. bring in round D. take it in

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