Flashcards - Topic 3.1.3 The Halogens - OCR (A) Chemistry A-Level

OCR (A) Chemistry A-level
Topic 3.1.3 - The Halogens

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What group elements are
referred to as halogens?
What group elements are referred to as halogens?
Group 7
List 2 properties of halogens
List 2 properties of halogens
● Low melting and boiling points

● Exist as diatomic molecules
What is the trend in boiling
point down group 7? Why?
What is the trend in boiling point down group 7? Why?
Increases down the group because:

-size of atom increases as more occupied electron shells →
stronger London forces of attraction between molecules, take
more energy to break
What is the trend in reactivity
down group 7? Why?
What is the trend in reactivity down group 7? Why?
Reactivity decreases because:

● Atomic radius increases
● Electron shielding increases
● Ability to gain an electron and form 1- ions
decreases
What is the trend in oxidising
ability down the group? Why?
What is the trend in oxidising ability down the group? Why?
Decreases down group (Cl strongest, I weakest)

This is because Cl has the fewest occupied electron shells,
greatest force of attraction between outer electrons and
nucleus and thus is the easiest to gain electrons and be
reduced → best oxidising agent
What is the trend in reducing
ability of the halides down the
group? Why?
What is the trend in reducing ability of the halides down the group?
Why?
Increases down the group (Cl- weakest, I- strongest)

This is because I- has the most occupied electron shell so
outer electrons are further from the nucleus, weakest force of
attraction between outer electrons and positive charge of
nucleus and thus is the easiest to be oxidised and lose
electrons → best reducing agent
When a more reactive halogen
displaces a less reactive
halide, what is the reaction
called?
When a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halide,
what is the reaction called?
Displacement reaction
What is the colour of chlorine
in water?
What is the colour of chlorine in water?
Pale green
What is the colour of bromine
in water?
What is the colour of bromine in water?
Orange
What is the colour of iodine in
water?
What is the colour of iodine in water?
Brown
What is the colour of chlorine
in cyclohexane?
What is the colour of chlorine in cyclohexane?
Pale green
What is the colour of bromine
in cyclohexane?
What is the colour of bromine in cyclohexane?
Orange
What is the colour of iodine in
cyclohexane?
What is the colour of iodine in cyclohexane?
Violet
- -
Out of the 3 halides Cl , Br &
-
I , which one of these can be
oxidised by chlorine?
Out of the 3 halides Cl-, Br- & I-, which one of these can be oxidised
by chlorine?
- -
Br & I ions
Write the equation for chlorine
oxidising bromide ions
Write the equation for chlorine oxidising bromide ions
Cl₂ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) → 2Cl- (aq) + Br₂ (aq)
Write the equation for Cl2
oxidising 2I-
Write the equation for Cl2 oxidising 2I-
Cl₂ (aq) + 2I- (aq) → 2Cl- (aq) + I₂ (aq)
- -
Out of the 3 halides Cl , Br &
-
I , which one of these can be
oxidised by bromine?
Out of the 3 halides Cl- , Br- & I- , which one of these can be
oxidised by bromine?
-
I ions
Write the equation for bromine
oxidising iodide ions
Write the equation for bromine oxidising iodide ions
Br₂ (aq) + 2I- (aq) → 2Br- (aq) + I₂ (aq)
Out of the 3 halides Cl- , Br- &
I- , which one of these can be
oxidised by iodine?
Out of the 3 halides Cl- , Br- & I- , which one of these can be
oxidised by iodine?
- -
Does not oxidise Cl or Br
Define disproportionation
Define disproportionation
The oxidation and reduction of the same

element in a redox reaction
What is the equation for the
reaction of Cl2 with water?
What is the equation for the reaction of Cl2 with water?
Cl₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → HClO (aq) + HCl (aq)
What type of reaction is the
reaction of chlorine with
water?
What type of reaction is the reaction of chlorine with water?
Disproportionation; chlorine is both

oxidised and reduced
Why is chlorine added to
drinking water?
Why is chlorine added to drinking water?
It kills the bacteria in the water and

makes it safer to drink
What are the two forms of the
chlorate ion?
What are the two forms of the chlorate ion?
ClO- is chlorate (I)

ClO₃- is chlorate (V)
What is the equation for
forming bleach?
What is the equation for forming bleach?
Cl₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) +

NaClO (aq) + H₂O (l)
NaClO is bleach

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OCR (A) Chemistry A-level

Topic 3.1.3 - The Halogens

PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

● Low melting and boiling points

Increases down the group because:

Reactivity decreases because:

Decreases down group (Cl strongest, I weakest)

Increases down the group (Cl- weakest, I- strongest)

Cl₂ (aq) + 2Br- (aq) → 2Cl- (aq) + Br₂ (aq)

Cl₂ (aq) + 2I- (aq) → 2Cl- (aq) + I₂ (aq)

Br₂ (aq) + 2I- (aq) → 2Br- (aq) + I₂ (aq)

The oxidation and reduction of the same

Cl₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → HClO (aq) + HCl (aq)

Disproportionation; chlorine is both

It kills the bacteria in the water and

ClO- is chlorate (I)

Cl₂ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) +

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