Flashcards - Topic 16 Redox Equilibria - Edexcel IAL Chemistry A-Level

Edexcel IAL Chemistry
A-Level
Topic 16 - Redox Equilibria
Flashcards
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What is an oxidation number?
What is an oxidation number?
A number that represents the number of

electrons lost or gained by an atom of an
element in a compound.
What is oxidation?
What is oxidation?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons, leading

to an increase in the oxidation number
value.
What is reduction?
What is reduction?
Reduction is the gain of electrons,

leading to a decrease in the oxidation
number value.
What is standard electrode potential?
What is standard electrode potential?
Standard electrode potential is the potential

across the electrodes when a redox system
is connected to a hydrogen half-cell under
standard conditions.
What conditions are required for
measuring the standard electrode
potential?
What conditions are required for measuring the
standard electrode potential?
- 298 K temperature
- 100 kPa pressure
- 1.00 mol dm-3 concentration of ions
Why is a hydrogen half-cell needed as a
reference?
Why is a hydrogen half-cell needed as a reference?
The hydrogen half cell is used to allow for

easy comparison between the electrode
potential of different elements. The standard
electrode potential for hydrogen is assumed
to be zero volts at any temperature.
What is the experimental setup to
calculate the standard electrode potential
for zinc?
What is the experimental setup to calculate the
standard electrode potential for zinc?
The hydrogen standard cell is always placed on the left.
Why must metal electrodes be cleaned
with sandpaper before creating an
electrochemical cell?
Why must metal electrodes be cleaned with
sandpaper before creating an electrochemical cell?
To remove any metal oxide that has

formed on the surface and improve
electrical conductivity.
Describe the movement of electrons in
an electrochemical cell
Describe the movement of electrons in an
electrochemical cell
Electrons flow through the wire from the

positive electrode to the negative
electrode.
Why is a salt bridge used in an
electrochemical cell?
Why is a salt bridge used in an electrochemical cell?
To maintain the charge balance and complete the circuit.
This is because negative electrons are moving from one

half cell to another. Without the salt bridge, positive charge
would build up in the half cell containing the anode and
negative charge would build up in the half cell containing
the cathode. This would cause the reaction to stop.
Why must an inert salt be used in the
salt bridge?
Why must an inert salt be used in the salt bridge?
The salt must be inert so it doesn’t react

with the solutions and alter their
concentrations. If a reactive salt was
used, the cell potential would change.
What moves across the salt bridge?
What moves across the salt bridge?
Ions.
What must the cell potential value be, for
a process to be feasible?
What must the cell potential value be, for a process
to be feasible?
Cell potential must be greater than 0.
How can cell potential be calculated?
How can cell potential be calculated?
Eᶿcell =
Eᶿ(positive terminal) - Eᶿ(negative terminal)
Why might theoretical cell potential
values be different to values obtained
experimentally?
Why might theoretical cell potential values be
different to values obtained experimentally?
Conditions may be non-standard
Draw a diagram showing a standard
2+ 3+
Fe /Fe cell
Draw a diagram showing a standard Fe2+/Fe3+ cell
A cell is made up of the following half cells:
Ag+(aq) + e- ⇌ Ag(s) Eᶿ = +0.80V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ⇌ Cu(s) Eᶿ = +0.34V
Write the overall cell equation and
calculate the standard cell potential
A cell is made up of the following half cells:
Ag+(aq) + e- ⇋ Ag(s) Eᶿ = +0.80V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ⇋ Cu(s) Eᶿ = +0.34V
Write the overall cell equation and calculate the
standard cell potential
2Ag+(aq) + Cu(s) → Ag(s) + Cu2+(aq)

Eᶿcell = +0.80 - (+0.34) = 0.46V
In an electrochemical cell, is the more
negative half cell oxidised or reduced?
In an electrochemical cell, is the more negative half
cell oxidised or reduced?
Oxidised
What is the relationship between EcellӨ
and lnK?
What is the relationship between EcellӨ and lnK?
Ө
Ecell is directly proportional to lnK where
K is the equilibrium constant of the
reaction.
What is the relationship between EcellӨ
and the entropy change of the reaction?
What is the relationship between EcellӨ and the
entropy change of the reaction?
Ө
Ecell is directly proportional to the
entropy change of the reaction.
What is uncertainty in measurement?
What is uncertainty in measurement?
The range in which the true value being

measured lies.
What is a fuel cell?
What is a fuel cell?
A cell that continually produces a voltage

as long as it is supplied with oxygen and
a fuel (like hydrogen).
What is the only product of a
hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?
What is the only product of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel
cell?
Water.
How does a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell
work?
How does a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell work?
Hydrogen and oxygen are pumped through

porous electrodes. The electrolyte is often
an acid such as phosphoric acid.
Hydrogen and oxygen react, producing
electricity and water.
What are the two half equations taking
place in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?
What are the two half equations taking place in a
hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?
- -
2H2+ 4OH ⇌ 4H2O + 4e
O2 + 2H2O + 4e- ⇌ 4OH-
Write an equation for the overall reaction
that takes place in a hydrogen-oxygen
fuel cell
Write an equation for the overall reaction that takes
place in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
What are the advantages of fuel cells?
What are the advantages of using fuel cells?
- No pollution produced - only product is water.

- Produce more energy than an alternative fuel
like petrol.
- Continuous process as long as fuel is
supplied.
What are the disadvantages of fuel
cells?
What are the disadvantages of using fuel cells?
- The materials used to make them are
expensive.
- High pressure tanks are required to store
oxygen and fuels like hydrogen.
- Hydrogen is expensive and hard to store.
- Efficiency is affected by temperature.
Name another fuel which could be used
in a fuel cell
Name another fuel which could be used in a fuel cell
- Methanol
- Any other hydrogen rich fuel

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Edexcel IAL Chemistry

A number that represents the number of

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, leading

Reduction is the gain of electrons,

Standard electrode potential is the potential

The hydrogen half cell is used to allow for

To remove any metal oxide that has

Electrons flow through the wire from the

To maintain the charge balance and complete the circuit.

This is because negative electrons are moving from one

The salt must be inert so it doesn’t react

Cell potential must be greater than 0.

Conditions may be non-standard

2Ag+(aq) + Cu(s) → Ag(s) + Cu2+(aq)

The range in which the true value being

A cell that continually produces a voltage

Hydrogen and oxygen are pumped through

- No pollution produced - only product is water.

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