2.properties of Liquid

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
ANGELIKA R. LEE
SPECIAL SCIENCE TEACHER 1
ALAMINOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Review on the previoUs lesson
Substance Hydrogen Dipole-dipole Ion - dipole London Forces
Bonding Forces Forces
𝐍𝐍2
𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯(𝑔𝑔)
𝑯𝑯2 𝑶𝑶(𝑙𝑙)
HF
𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍3
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴2(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪2
𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪3(𝐼𝐼)
Table of contents
01 02
PROPERTIES OF PROPERTIES OF WATER
LIQUID
01
PROPERTIES OF LIQUID
Learning OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, I will be able to:
State the properties of liquids and explain the

effect on intermolecular forces.
Recognize the significance of these properties of

liquids in our daily activities.
• The Liquid state of matter is an intermediate phase between solid and gas. Like
the particles of a solid, particles in a liquid are subject to intermolecular
attraction; however, liquid particles have more spaces between them, so they
are not fixed in position. The attraction between them the particles in a liquid
keeps the volume of the liquid constant.
• The movement of the particles causes liquid to be variable in shape. Liquids will
flow and fill the lowest portion of container, taking on the shape of the
container but not changing in volume. The limited amount of space between
particles means the liquids have only very limited compressibility.
• Effect of intermolecular forces – Intermolecular forces control how well
molecules stick together. This affects many of the measurable physical
properties of substance:
• Melting and Boiling Points – If molecules stick together more, they’ll be

tougher to break apart.
- The stronger the IMF the higher the Melting and Boiling Point.
- The more electrons a molecule has, the greater the IMF.
Intermolecular forces (IMFs)
can be used to predict relative
boiling points. The stronger the
IMFs, the lower the vapor
pressure of the substance and
the higher the boiling point.
Therefore, we can compare the
relative strengths of the IMFs
of the compounds to predict
their relative boiling points.
• Viscosity – a measure of how well substance flow.
- The stronger the IMF the higher viscosity.
- The viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow, liquids that have
strong IMF tend to have high viscosities.
• Surface Tension – is a measure of toughness of the surface of liquid.
- The stronger the IMF the higher surface tension.
- Surface tension is the energy required to increase the
surface area of a liquid by a given amount.
• Vapor Pressure – This is small amount of gas that is found above all liquids.
- The stronger the IMF the lower the vapor pressure, because
fewer molecules will have enough kinetic energy to escape
at a given temperature.
- Substance with high vapor pressures are said to be volatile -
that is, they easily evaporate .
• Molar heat of Vaporization – The heat of fusion (heat required to melt a solid)
and Heat of Vaporization ( heat required to vaporize a liquid) are determined by
the strength of the IMF. Substance with high IMF will have higher melting and
boiling points.
02
PROPERTIES OF WATER
PROPERTIES OF WATER
• A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen
atom.
• Each end of a water molecule has slight electrical charge.
• A molecule that has electrically charged areas is called a polar molecule.
• The positive hydrogen ends of one water molecule attract the negative
oxygen ends of another nearby water molecules causing them to stick
together like weak magnets.
• This attraction called hydrogen bonds.

PROPERTIES OF WATER
• Many of water’s unusual properties occur because of the attraction
among its polar molecules. The properties of water includes cohesion,
adhesion, capillary action, surface tension, the ability to dissolve many
substances, and high specific heat.
PROPERTIES OF WATER
PROPERTIES OF WATER
• Both adhesion and cohesion allow water to move in one
continuous column from a plant’s root to its leaves.
• This upward movement is called Capillary Action.
• Capillary Action is the combined force of attraction among

water molecules of surrounding materials causing liquid to
climb upward against the force of gravity.
PROPERTIES OF WATER
PROPERTIES OF WATER
• A solution is a mixture that forms when one substance
dissolves another . The substance that does the dissolving is
called solvent.
• Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve

more substances than any other known substance.
• The main property of water that make it such a good solvent

is its polarity.
PROPERTIES OF WATER
PROPERTIES OF WATER
• Specific Heat is the amount of heat needed to increase the
temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1˚C.
• Compared to other substances, water requires a lot of heat

to increase its temperature.
• The specific heat of water is very high – 4,184 □(𝑱𝑱/𝒌𝒌𝒈𝒈) ˚C.
• Therefore, water takes a long time to heat up or cool down.

RESOURCES
La Union Schools Division. Quarter 3: General Chemistry 2
THANKS!
Does anyone have any questions?
Angelika Ranit Lee
09338224416
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

State the properties of liquids and explain the

Recognize the significance of these properties of

• Melting and Boiling Points – If molecules stick together more, they’ll be

• Each end of a water molecule has slight electrical charge.

• A molecule that has electrically charged areas is called a polar molecule.

• This attraction called hydrogen bonds.

• This upward movement is called Capillary Action.

• Capillary Action is the combined force of attraction among

• Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve

• The main property of water that make it such a good solvent

• Compared to other substances, water requires a lot of heat

• The specific heat of water is very high – 4,184 □(𝑱𝑱/𝒌𝒌𝒈𝒈) ˚C.

• Therefore, water takes a long time to heat up or cool down.

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by

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