Semana 03 Estatica Fluidos II

MECÁNICA DE FLUIDOS AMBIENTAL
Week 3 – Fluid Statics II

Profesor: Mg. Ing. Jimmy Mendoza M.
Logro de la sesión
Al final de la sesión, los
estudiantes aplicarán los
fundamentos de la hidrostática
para medir y analizar la presión
de los fluidos en reposo y
calcular las fuerzas que ejercen
los fluidos sobre las superficies
sumergidas..
Índice
1. Hydrostatic forces on submerged
plane surfaces
2. Hydrostatic forces on submerged
curved surfaces
3. Buoyancy
Hydrostatic forces on
submerged plane
surfaces
1. Hydrostatic forces on submerged plane surfaces
Simple Case: pressure on the flat

bottom of a container
For this scenario, the resultant force

will be:
This force acts on the centroid of the

surface with area A.
General case: pressure on an inclined

plane surface.
𝜃 : angle of the plane

with the Surface
𝐴 ∶ area of the plane
surface
𝐶 : Centroid
𝐶𝑃 : Center of pressure XY-plane
𝐹𝑅 : Resultant force
So, the force acting on the

differential element is:
Similarly, the force acting on the

entire surface is:
XY-plane
Taking 𝛾 and 𝜃 as constants:

The integral corresponds to the first

moment of area about the x-axis:
Where 𝑦𝑐 is the coordinate of the

centroid of the object. XY-plane
Now we must find the center of pressures where such resultant force 𝐹𝑅 acts.
For this, it is necessary to consider that the sum of the moments of all the
pressure forces acting on the area A must equal the resultant moment force.
Moment about the x-axis:
Second moment of inertia: 𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑜

Using the parallel axis theorem for the moment of inertia:

𝐼𝑥x,𝑐 : area moment of inertia (second
moment of inertia) about the centroid
Substituting into the previous expression:
This result indicates that, for a submerged flat surface, the resultant force always
acts below the centroid of that surface.
Moment about the y-axis:
Second moment of inertia: 𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑜
Using the parallel axis theorem for the moment of inertia:
𝑰𝒙𝒚,𝒐 = 𝑰𝒙𝒚,𝒄 + 𝑨𝒙𝒄 𝒚𝒄 𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 : area moment of inertia (second

moment of inertia) about the centroid.
Substituting into the previous expression, the result is:

𝑰𝒙𝒚,𝒄
𝒙𝑷 = 𝒙𝒄 +
𝒚𝒄 𝑨
Geometric properties of sections: 𝐴=

𝜋𝑟 2
2
𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 = 0.1098𝑟 4
4𝑟 𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 = 0
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 3𝜋
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑟
1 3 𝜋𝑟 4 𝑟 𝑟
𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 =
12 4
𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 =0 𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 = 0
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏
𝜋𝑎𝑏 3
𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 =
4
𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 = 0
4𝑟
𝑎𝑏 3𝜋
𝐴= 𝜋𝑟 2
2 4𝑟 𝐴=
𝑎3 𝑏 3𝜋 4
𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 = 𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 = 0.05488𝑟 4
36 𝑟
𝑎2 𝑏 𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 = −0.01647𝑟 4 𝜋𝑎𝑏
𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 = 𝑏 − 2𝑑 𝐴=
72 2
𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑐 = 0.1098𝑎𝑏 3
𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 = 0
4𝑏
3𝜋
Hydrostatic forces
on submerged
curved surfaces
2. Hydrostatic forces on submerged curved surfaces
The resultant force is determined through its horizontal and vertical

components and by using a free body diagram.
Horizontal force component

on curved surface:
𝑭 𝑯 = 𝑭𝒙
Vertical force component on
curved surface:
𝑭𝑽 = 𝑭𝒚 ± 𝑾
Fuente: Cengel &

Cimbala (2017).
Buoyancy
3. Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the upward force Downward

exerted by a fluid that opposes force on ball
the weight of an object immersed
in the fluid.
Archimedes’ Principle:
States that the buoyant force on
an object submerged in a fluid is
equal to the weight of the fluid
Upward
displaced by the object. force on ball
3. Buoyancy
Applications:
• Water Treatment: Buoyancy aids in the
separation processes in water treatment
facilities, where lighter materials float to
the top for removal.
• Flood Control: Utilization of buoyant

materials in the construction of barriers
and levees to manage and mitigate flood
risks.
• Wetland Restoration: Designing floating

wetlands to provide habitat, improve
water quality, and increase surface area
for water purification.
Referencias
Cengel, Y. A., & Cimbala, J. M. (2017). Fluid mechanics: Fundamentals
and applications (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Elger, D. F., LeBret, B. A., Crowe, C. T., & Roberson, J. A. (2020).
Engineering Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons.
Fox, R. W., McDonald, A. T., & Mitchell, J. W. (2020). Fox and
McDonald’s Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons.
Gerhart, P. M., Gerhart, A. L., & Hochstein, J. I. (2016). Munson, Young
and Okiishi's Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. John Wiley &
Sons.
Potter, M. C., Ramadan, B. & Wiggert, D. C. (2015). Mecánica de
Fluidos. México: Cengage Learning.
White, F. M. (2016). Fluid Mechanics (8th ed.). Maidenhead, England:
McGraw Hill Higher Education.

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MECÁNICA DE FLUIDOS AMBIENTAL

Week 3 – Fluid Statics II

Simple Case: pressure on the flat

For this scenario, the resultant force

This force acts on the centroid of the

General case: pressure on an inclined

𝜃 : angle of the plane

So, the force acting on the

Similarly, the force acting on the

Taking 𝛾 and 𝜃 as constants:

The integral corresponds to the first

Where 𝑦𝑐 is the coordinate of the

Moment about the x-axis:

Second moment of inertia: 𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑜

Using the parallel axis theorem for the moment of inertia:

Substituting into the previous expression:

Moment about the y-axis:

Second moment of inertia: 𝐼𝑥𝑥,𝑜

Using the parallel axis theorem for the moment of inertia:

𝑰𝒙𝒚,𝒐 = 𝑰𝒙𝒚,𝒄 + 𝑨𝒙𝒄 𝒚𝒄 𝐼𝑥𝑦,𝑐 : area moment of inertia (second

Substituting into the previous expression, the result is:

Geometric properties of sections: 𝐴=

The resultant force is determined through its horizontal and vertical

Horizontal force component

Fuente: Cengel &

Buoyancy is the upward force Downward

• Flood Control: Utilization of buoyant

• Wetland Restoration: Designing floating

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