Lec 11-12
Lec 11-12
Lec 11-12
Mountain building
Mohammad Moshiur Rahman
[email protected]
Rock Strength
• Under compression, rock are very
strong.
• Under tension, rocks are very
weak.
Strain and Deformation
• Elastic
– Absorb, store, and release energy
• Plastic
– Absorb and internally consume energy
– Permanent deformation
• Brittle
– Absorb, exceed, and break
– Permanent deformation
Seismic wave
Kinds of Shockwaves
• Shear
Kinds of Shockwaves
• Shear
• Compression
focus
epicenter
Seismic Energy
Released at the Focus
• Body waves
–Shear, designate “S”
–Compression, designated “P”
intensity: amount of damage that an
earthquake causes
seismometer
P waves
S waves
Possible Definition
for “Mountain”
• A mountain is any topographic feature
higher than 1,000 feet above the
surrounding terrain
Kinds of Mountains
• Volcanic
• Block-fault
• Domal
• Foldbelt
Oceanic Ridge
• The biggest mountain range in the world
in terms of length
• A total of 40,000 miles all connected
together
• One in every ocean
Block Fault Mountains
Basin Range
Scenarios
• The generation of high-angle
normal faults
Basin Range
Scenarios
• The generation of high-angle
normal faults
• Faults alternate direction
Basin Range
Characteristics
• North-South trending
• Block fault mountains
foldbelt mountains
Components of
Foldbelt Mountains
• Side-by-side
• Almost always paralleling the
edge of the continent
James Hall
1811-1898
Hall’s Discovery
• The total thickness of sedimentary
rock within the folded Appalachians
was many times greater than the
total thickness of sedimentary rocks
in the interior of the continent (the
Mississippi Valley)
orogenic styles