Ergo

Solved Probl ems in Ergonomics 2014
SOLVED PROBLEMS IN ERGONOMICS – QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE
1. It refers to how physical dimensions of the body affect capability of workers.
a. Ergonomics b. Human Factors

c. Physiology d. Anthropometry
Answer: d. Anthropometry
2. What is the age range that you will reach your maximum strength?
a. 15 to 25 b. 20 to 30
c. 25 to 35 d. 30 to 40
Answer: c. 25 to 35
3. What is the body core temperature that death is most likely?
a. Above 38 C b. Above 40 C
c. Above 42 C d. Above 45 C
Answer: c. Above 42 C
4. It concerns with avoiding diseases and disorders caused by exposure to hazardous materials or conditions.
a. Occupational Accident b. Occupational Hazard

Answer: c. Occupational Health d. Occupational Safety c. Occupational Health
5. A type of metabolism which energy is used only to sustain the vital circulatory and respiratory functions. It is
the rate at which heat is given off by an awake, resting human in a warm location at least 12 hours after
eating.
a. Basal Metabolism b. Activity Metabolism

c. Digestive Metabolism d. Biochemical Metabolism
Answer: a. Basal Metabolism
6. What is the recommended handle length of a hand tool?
a. 50 mm b. 75 mm
c. 100 mm d. 125 mm
Answer: d. 125 mm
7. After about 8 to 10 minutes, a person can only apply about _________ of maximum static force
achieved at beginning of test.
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a. 23% b. 32%
c. 45% d. 54%
Answer: a. 23%
8. A joint type for shoulder and hip movement.
a. Hinge b. Ball-and-Socket
c. Pivot d. Contract
Answer: b. Ball-and-Socket
9. The difference between amount of oxygen needed by muscles during physical activity and amount of oxygen
supplied.
a. Glycolysis b. Time Lag

Answer: c. Oxygen Recovery d. Oxygen Debt d. Oxygen Debt
10. A joint type for elbow and knee movement.
Answer: a. Hinge
11. Muscular work for which the oxygen intake is inadequate.
a. Agonist b. Antagonist
c. Anaerobic d. Aerobic
Answer: c. Anaerobic
12. Type of strength which is tested under conditions that involve changes in joint angles and motion speed.
a. Continuous Strength b. Dynamic Strength

Answer: c. Static Strength d. Vertical Strength b. Dynamic Strength
13. Muscles in the intestines that accomplish peristalsis for food digestion and serve the blood vessels to
regulate blood flow and pressure.
a. Skeletal Muscles b. Smooth Muscles

c. Centric Muscles d. Cardiac Muscles
Answer: b. Smooth Muscles
14. The static strength differences between the strongest and the weakest workers can be as much as --
a. 7 to 1 b. 8 to 1
c. 9 to 1 d. 10 to 1
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Answer: b. 8 to 1
15. A skeletal muscle contraction that happens when muscle elongates when it contracts.
a. Isometric Muscle Contraction b. Biometric Muscle Contraction

c. Eccentric Muscle Contraction d. Concentric Muscle Contraction
Answer: c. Eccentric Muscle Contraction
16. The maximum torque that a given muscle can exert voluntarily about the skeletal joint is called --
a. Strength b. Muscle Endurance

c. Force d. Contraction
Answer: a. Strength
17. The process in which the muscle contraction is enabled by the conversion of chemical energy into
mechanical energy is called --
a. Energy Expenditure b. Metabolism

c. Contraction d. Digestion
Answer: b. Metabolism
18. What is the basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old male?
a. 0.8 kcal per kg of body weight b. 1 kcal per kg of body weight

c. 1.2 kcal per kg of body weight d. 1.5 kcal per kg of body weight
Answer: b. 1 kcal per kg of body weight
19. It refers to how the human body functions during physical exertion where vital processes are carried out by
living organisms and how their constituent tissues and cells function.
a. Ergonomics b. Human Factors

Answer: c. Physiology
20. Which of the following is a static muscular activity?
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a. Cranking a pump handle b. Turning a screw driver

c. Squeezing a pair of pliers d. Holding a movable wheel
Answer: c. Squeezing a pair of pliers
21. What is the recommended seat height adjustment range design value in centimeter?
a. 15 – 18.5 b. 17 – 21.5
c. 14 – 19.5 d. 16 – 20.5
Answer: d. 16 – 20.5
22. What is the body core temperature or hypothermia that your coordination is reduced?
a. Below 35 C b. Below 32 C
c. Below 30 C d. Below 28 C
Answer: a. Below 35 C
23. It delivers oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients from lungs and digestive tract to muscle tissue and organs.
a. Heart b. Arteries
c. Veins d. Capillaries
Answer: b. Arteries
24. What is the heart rate at the maximum time-weighted average during shift for female worker?
a. 90 beats per min b. 100 beats per min

c. 110 beats per min d. 120 beats per min
Answer: c. 110 beats per min
25. Concerned with the capabilities of the human brain and sensory system while performing information
processing activities.
a. Physical Ergonomics b. Cognitive Ergonomics

Answer: c. Occupational Ergonomics d. Social Ergonomics b. Cognitive Ergonomics
26. In properly adjusted workstation, the screen should be positioned so that midscreen is _____ degree from
eye level.
a. 10 b. 15
c. 20 d. 25
Answer: b. 15
27. What is the basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old female?
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a. 0.7 kcal per kg of body weight b. 0.8 kcal per kg of body weight
c. 0.9 kcal per kg of body weight d. 1 kcal per kg of body weight
Answer: c. 0.9 kcal per kg of body weight
28. Heart muscles that perform the pumping function for the cardiovascular system.
a. Skeletal Muscles b. Smooth Muscles

c. Centric Muscles d. Cardiac Muscles
Answer: d. Cardiac Muscles
29. It appropriates work posture, safe load lifting and carrying techniques and adapts proper techniques in
manual material handling.
a. Physical Ergonomics b. Cognitive Ergonomics

Answer: c. Occupational Safety d. Occupational Biomechanics d. Occupational
Biomechanics
30. What is the energy expenditure rate of the physical activity at the maximum time-weighted average during
shift for female worker?
a. 1 kcal per min b. 2 kcal per min

c. 3 kcal per min d. 4 kcal per min
Answer: d. 4 kcal per min
31. Type of strength which human subject applies as high a force as possible against an immovable object.
a. Continuous Strength b. Dynamic Strength

Answer: c. Static Strength d. Horizontal Strength c. Static Strength
32. It concerns with the avoidance of industrial accidents
a. Occupational Accident b. Occupational Hazard

c. Occupational Health d. Occupational Safety
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Answer: d. Occupational Safety
33. A joint type for neck movement.
Answer: c. Pivot
34. What is the average strength of females compared with males?
a. 47% b. 55%
c. 67% d. 75%
Answer: c. 67%
35. What is the heart rate at the maximum time-weighted average during shift for male worker?
a. 110 beats per min b. 120 beats per min

c. 130 beats per min d. 140 beats per min
Answer: b. 120 beats per min
36. What is the working height of the station if you are doing a precision work?
a. At elbow level b. Above elbow level

c. Below elbow level d. No height limit
Answer: b. Above elbow level

37. It delivers carbon dioxide and waste products to lungs, kidneys, and liver.
a. Heart b. Arteries
c. Veins d. Capillaries
Answer: c. Veins
38. What is the proper hand diameter thickness of a hand tool with a grip?
a. 10 – 20 mm b. 30 – 40 mm
c. 50 – 60 mm d. 70 – 80 mm
Answer: b. 30 – 40 mm
39. It is defined as the capability to maintain an applied force over time.
a. Strength b. Muscle Endurance

c. Force d. Contraction
Answer: b. Muscle Endurance
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40. A skeletal muscle contraction that happens when muscle becomes shorter when it contracts.

Answer: d. Concentric Muscle Contraction
41. What is the body core temperature that your body is disabled?
a. Above 38 C b. Above 40 C
c. Above 42 C d. Above 45 C
Answer: b. Above 40 C
42. What is the ratio between energy expenditure in physical activity to oxygen consumption?
a. 2.5 energy expenditure: 1 li of oxygen b. 3.8 energy expenditure: 0.5 li of oxygen

c. 4.8 energy expenditure: 1 li of oxygen d. 5.2 energy expenditure: 0.5 li of oxygen
Answer: c. 4.8 energy expenditure: 1 li of oxygen
43. A skeletal muscle contraction that happens when muscle length stays the same when it contracts.

Answer: a. Isometric Muscle Contraction
44. What is the body core temperature or hypothermia that loss of consciousness is most likely?
a. Below 35 C b. Below 32 C
c. Below 30 C d. Below 28 C
Answer: b. Below 32 C
45. What is the energy expenditure rate of the physical activity at the maximum time-weighted average during
shift for male worker?
a. 3 kcal per min b. 4 kcal per min

c. 5 kcal per min d. 6 kcal per min
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Answer: c. 5 kcal per min
46. Small blood vessels between arteries and veins to exchange nutrients and waste between blood and tissue.
a. Digestive tract b. Capillaries

Answer: c. Platelets d. Plasma b. Capillaries
47. A perceived property that results in the desired action, for example, a door with a handle that pulls open.
a. Aerobic b. Affordance
c. Agonist d. Anaerobic
Answer: b. Affordance
48. The primary muscle involved in the desired motion.
a. Aerobic b. Affordance
c. Agonist d. Anaerobic
Answer: c. Agonist
49. A measure of the luminous intensity of a light source.
a. Candela b. Illuminata
c. Lux d. Luminance
Answer: a. Candela
50. The amount of light reflected from a source surface, measured in foot-lamberts.
a. Candela b. Illuminata
c. Lux d. Luminance
Answer: d. Luminance
51. The closeness with which the perceived colors of an object being observed match the perceived colors of
the same object when illuminated by standard light sources.
a. Color Perception b. Color Illumination

c. Color Standard d. Color Rendering
Answer: d. Color Rendering
52. The ability of a target to stand out from its background and typically measured as the difference in
luminances between target and background.
a. Contrast b. Bright
c. Light Intensity d. Luminaire
Answer: a. Contrast
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53. Rating scale for the level of pain or body discomfort on a logarithmic scale, ranging from 0 to 10 and used
for assessing muscular exertions.
a. Muscular Ratio Scale b. Category Ratio Scale

c. Counter Ratio Scale d. Assessment Ratio Scale
Answer: b. Category Ratio Scale (CR-10)
54. A measure of sound intensity on a weighting scale approximating the response characteristics of human ear
and most commonly used to assess the noise exposure of workers.
a. dB b. dBA
c. dBM d. dBS
Answer: b. dBA
55. The unit for sound intensity and a logarithmic ratio of the measured intensity to a reference intensity.
a. dB b. dBA
c. dBM d. dBS
Answer: a. dB (decibel)
56. The amount of control movement resulting in no system response.
a. Deadspace b. False Alarm

c. Lockout d. Disfunctional Control
Answer: a. Deadspace
57. Anthropometric design principle in which a specific feature is a limiting factor in determining either the
maximum or the minimum value of a population variable to be accommodated, for example, stature for
doorways.
a. Design for Adjustability b. Design for Averages

Answer: c. Design for Extremes d. Design for Variability c. Design for Extremes
58. The property of a desired signal being as different as possible from other signals (or noise) in terms of its
characteristics.
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a. Diffusion b. Dissociability
Answer: c. Divided Attention d. Detection b. Dissociability
59. Resources applied in a diffuse manner to various parts of or even all the human information processing
system.
a. Diffusion b. Dissociability
Answer: c. Divided Attention d. Detection c. Divided Attention
60. Primary muscles of the back that provide the force for lifting loads.
a. Spinal Cord b. Spinal Column

c. Force Spinae d. Errector Spinae
Answer: d. Errector Spinae
61. The science of fitting the task or workplace to the abilities and limitations of the human operator.
a. Ergonomics b. Motion Economy

Answer: a. Ergonomics
62. The measure of light falling on a surface.
a. Lux b. Lumens
c. Footcandle d. Foot-Lambert
Answer: c. Footcandle
63. A unit of luminance emitted or reflected light.
a. Lux b. Lumens
c. Footcandle d. Foot-Lambert
Answer: d. Foot-Lambert
64. One footcandle equals to how many lumens per square meter?
a. 9.5 b. 10.8
c. 11.7 d. 12.6
Answer: b. 10.8
65. One foot-lambert is equal to how many candelas per square meter?
a. 1.45 b. 2.57
c. 3.43 d. 4.75
Answer: c. 3.43
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66. The inverted-U relationship in which muscle force is greatest at its resting length.
a. Force-Length Relationship b. Force-Velocity Relationship

c. Force-Control Relationship d. Force-Maximum Relationship
Answer: a. Force-Length Relationship
67. The trade-off between slower movements providing greater force and faster movements being weaker.
a. Force-Length Relationship b. Force-Velocity Relationship

c. Force-Control Relationship d. Force-Minimum Relationship
Answer: b. Force-Velocity Relationship
68. Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle contracts at a constant velocity.
a. Isokinetic Strength b. Isometric Strength

c. Isotonic Strength d. Isotrinsic Strength
Answer: a. Isokinetic Strength
69. Type of muscle contraction in which the muscle contracts in a fixed static position and produces the maximum
force.
a. Isokinetic Strength b. Isometric Strength

c. Isotonic Strength d. Isotrinsic Strength
Answer: b. Isometric Strength
70. The natural inward curvature of the lumbar portion of the spine.
a. Lumbar b. Lumbar Support

c. Lordosis d. Spinal Column
Answer: c. Lordosis
71. The unit of illuminance equals to 1 lumen per square meter or how much in footcandle?
a. 0.064 b. 0.075
c. 0.082 d. 0.093
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Answer: d. 0.093 footcandle

72. The functional unit of muscles comprised of a nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers that it innervates.
a. Motion Unit b. Motor Unit

c. Muscle Unit d. Movement Unit
Answer: b. Motor Unit
73. Noise analysis with a special filter attachment to the sound-level meter that decomposes the noise into
component frequencies.
a. Noise Dose Analysis b. Noise Control Analysis

c. Octave-Band Analysis d. Noise Reduction Analysis
Answer: c. Octave-Band Analysis
74. The tendency for the eyes to be drawn directly to the brightest light source.
a. Phototropism b. Photoilluminism
Answer: c. Luminaire d. Light-lockin a. Phototropism
75. Rotation of
the forearm such that the palm faces down or supination with the palm up.
a. Pinch Grip b. Power Grip

c. Myofibrils d. Pronation
Answer: d. Pronation
76. Bending of the wrist such that the thumb moves toward the arm.
a. Thoracic Vertebrae b. Ulnar Deviation

c. Radial Deviation d. Hand Stroke
Answer: c. Radial Deviation
77. Inflammation of a tendon caused by repetitive work.
a. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome b. Trigger Finger

c. Tenosynovitis d. Tendinitis
Answer: d. Tendinitis
78. Inflammation of a tendon sheaths caused by repetitive work.
a. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome b. Trigger Finger

c. Tenosynovitis d. Tendinitis
Answer: c. Tenosynovitis
79. Bending of the wrist such that the little finger moves toward the arm.
a. Thoracic Vertebrae b. Ulnar Deviation

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c. Radial Deviation d. Hand Stroke
Answer: b. Ulnar Deviation

80. Increased peripheral blood flow due to hot conditions.
a. Vasoconstriction b. Vasodilation
c. Roentgen d. Myofibrils
Answer: b. Vasodilation
81. Has the highest visibility of any color under practically all lighting conditions and tends to instill a feeling of
freshness and dryness.
a. Yellow b. Blue
c. Red d. Green
Answer: a. Yellow
82. A low-visibility color and imparts a feeling of restfulness, coolness, and stability.
a. Yellow b. Blue
c. Red d. Green
Answer: d. Green
83. To avoid the symptoms of trigger finger or excessive used of index finger for operating triggers, trigger force
should be kept low to how many lbs.?
a. Below 5 lbs b. Below 4 lbs

c. Below 3 lbs. d. Below 2 lbs.
Answer: d. Below 2 lbs.
84. What is the maximum permissible sound level for 8 hour day noise exposure?
a. 90 dBA b. 95 dBA
c. 100 dBA d. 110 dBA
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Answer: a. 90 dBA
85. Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed what level of peak sound pressure?
a. 120 dB b. 130 dB
c. 140 dB d. 150 dB
Answer: c. 140 dB
86. What is the rough rule of thumb volume of fresh air per person per hour?
a. 11.5 m3 b. 10.5 m3
c. 9.5 m3 d. 8.5 m3
Answer: d. 8.5 m3
87. The most efficient light source which its lamp life is 4 – 5 years at average burning rate of 12 h/ day and
mainly used for roadways and warehouse lighting.
a. Mercury b. Metal Halide

c. High-Pressure Sodium d. Low-Pressure Sodium
Answer: d. Low-Pressure Sodium
88. What is the average working heart rate compared to the resting prework heart rate?
a. 60 beats per minute b. 50 beats per minute

c. 40 beats per minute d. 30 beats per minute
Answer: c. 40 beats per minute
89. What is the average increase in heart rate per increase in energy expenditure for dynamic work?
a. 5 beats/ minute per 1 kcal/ min b. 10 beats/ minute per 1 kcal/ min
c. 15 beats/ minute per 1 kcal/ min d. 20 beats/ minute per 1 kcal/ min
Answer: b. 10 beats/ minute per 1 kcal/ min
90. The average heart rate is measured in what two time periods during recovery after cessation of work?
a. between ½ and 1 min and between 2 ½ and 3 min after cessation

b. between 1 and 1 ½ min and between 3 ½ and 4 min after cessation
c. between 1 ½ and 2 min and between 4 ½ and 5 min after cessation
d. between 2 and 2 ½ min and between 5 ½ and 6 min after cessation
Answer: a. between ½ and 1 min and between 2 1/2 and 3 min after cessation
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91. What is the acceptable heart rate recovery after cessation of work is?
a. The first reading does not exceed 120 beats min and the difference between the 2 readings is at
least 20 beats.
b. The first reading does not exceed 110 beats min and the difference between the 2 readings is at least
10 beats.
c. The first reading does not exceed 120 beats min and the difference between the 2 readings is at
least 10 beats.
d. The first reading does not exceed 110 beats min and the difference between the 2 readings is at least
20 beats.
Answer: d. The first reading does not exceed 110 beats min and the difference between the 2 readings is at least
20 beats.
92. The laborer on a palletizing operation has been complaining about fatigue and the lack of rest. You measure
his heart rate and find it to be 130 beats/ min and slowly increasing during work. When he sits down, his
heart rates dropped to 125 beats/ min by the end of the first minute of rest and 120 beats/ min by the end of
the third minute. What do you conclude?
a. He is working at a normal pace

b. He is over fatigue and lack of rest
c. He needs to work faster
d. No conclusion can be obtained
Answer: b. He is over fatigue and lack of rest
93. Given: 35 year old woman who weighs 59 kg. Determine the daily basal metabolism rate per minute.
a. 0.68 kcal per min b. 0.76 kcal per min

c. 0.86 kcal per min d. 0.96 kcal per min
Answer: c. 0.86 kcal per min
Solution:
She is 1.5 decades [(35 – 20)/10] older than 20 years

Age correction: 1.5(0.02) = 0.03
Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old female: 0.9 kcal per kg of body weight
BMRh/kg = Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old female X (1 - Age correction) BMRh/kg =
0.9(1 - 0.03) = 0.873 kcal/hr/kg of body weight
For 24 hours:
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BMRd = 0.873(59)(24) = 1238 kcal/day

BMRm = 1238/((24)(60)) = 0.86 kcal/min
94. Given: 27 year old woman who weighs 52 kg. Determine the daily basal metabolism rate per minute.

Answer: b. 0.77 kcal per min
Solution:
She is 0.70 decade [(27 – 20)/10] older than 20 years

Age correction: 0.70(0.02) = 0.014
Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old female: 0.9 kcal per kg of body weight
BMRh/kg = Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old female X (1 - Age correction) BMRh/kg =
0.9(1 - 0.014) = 0.8874 kcal/hr/kg of body weight
For 24 hours:
BMRd = 0.8874(52)(24) = 1107.4752 kcal/day
BMRm = 1107.4752/((24)(60)) = 0.77 kcal/min
95. Given: 40 year old man who weighs 70 kg. Determine the daily basal metabolism rate per minute.

Answer: d. 1.12 kcal per min
Solution:
He is 2 decades [(40 – 20)/10] older than 20 year

Age correction: 2.0(0.02) = 0.04
Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old male: 1.0 kcal per kg of body weight
BMRh/kg = Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old male x (1 - Age correction) BMRh/kg =
1.0(1 - 0.04) = 0.96kcal/hr/kg of body weight
For 24 hours:
BMRd = 0.96(70)(24) = 1612.8 kcal/day BMRm =
1612.8/((24)(60)) = 1.12 kcal/min
96. Given: 33 year old man who weighs 75 kg. Determine the daily basal metabolism rate per minute.

Solution:
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He is 1.3 decades [(33 – 20)/10] older than 20 year

Age correction: 1.3(0.02) = 0.026
Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old male: 1.0 kcal per kg of body weight
BMRh/kg = Basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old male x (1 - Age correction) BMRh/kg =
1.0(1 - 0.026) = 0.974kcal/hr/kg of body weight
For 24 hours:
BMRd = 0.974(75)(24) = 1753.2 kcal/day BMRm =
1753.2/((24)(60)) = 1.22 kcal/min
97. Given: A male worker performs a repetitive task that requires an energy expenditure rate of 7.5 kcal/min for
4.0 hours. Each hour, he works 40 minutes and takes a 20-min rest break. During the rest breaks, his energy
expenditure rate is estimated to be 1.5 kcal/min. Determine the time-weighted average energy expenditure.

Answer: d. 5.5 kcal per min
Solution:
Time-Weighted Average Energy Expenditure:
T (ER )
ER i
Ti i
Where:
Time-weighted average energy expenditure rate, kcal/min;

Ti = duration of time period i during total time period of interest, min;
ERi = energy expenditure rate during time period i
Time-weighted average ER = {4[40(7.5) + 20(1.5)]}/4(60) = 5.5. kcal/min
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ER 40(7.5) 20(1.5) 5.5 kcal /min
98. Given: A female worker performs a repetitive task that requires an energy expenditure rate of 5.5 kcal/min
for 5.0 hours. Each hour, he works 50 minutes and takes a 10-min rest break. During the rest breaks, his
energy expenditure rate is estimated to be 0.95 kcal/min. Determine the difference between the time-
weighted average energy expenditure and the recommended value.

Solution:
Time-weighted average ER = {5[50(5.5) + 10(0.95)]}/5(60) Time-weighted

average ER = [275 + 9.5]/60 = 4.74 kcal per min
The energy expenditure rate of the physical activity at the maximum time-weighted average during shift for
female worker: 4 kcal/min
Exceeds the recommended value by: 4.74 – 4.00 = 0.74 kcal per min
99. Given: A male worker performs physical labor that has an energy expenditure rate of 8.2 kcal/min for 20
minutes. During the rest breaks, his energy expenditure rate is estimated to be 1.5 kcal/min. Determine an
appropriate length of a rest break.
a. 18.3 minutes b. 19.5 minutes

c. 20.4 minutes d. 21.2 minutes
Answer: a. 18.3 minutes
Solution:
Length of Rest Period:
Twrk (Ewrk ER)

rst
ER ERrst
Where:
Trst = rest time, min;
Twrk = working time, min;
ERwrk = energy expenditure rate associated with physical activity, kcal/min; time-weighted
average (standard) energy expenditure rate, kcal/min;
ERrst = metabolic rate of worker while resting, kcal/min (slightly above basal metabolic rate)
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The energy expenditure rate of the physical activity at the maximum time-weighted average during shift for male
worker: 5 kcal/min.
5.0)
st T 20(8.2 = 18.29 min
100. Given: A female worker performs physical labor that has an energy expenditure rate of 4.8 kcal/min for
35 minutes. During the rest breaks, his energy expenditure rate is estimated to be 0.95 kcal/min. Determine
an appropriate length of a rest break.
a. 8.3 minutes b. 9.2 minutes

c. 10.5 minutes d. 11.4 minutes
Answer: b. 9.2 minutes
Solution:
The energy expenditure rate of the physical activity at the maximum time-weighted average during shift for
female worker: 4 kcal/min.
Trst = [35(4.8 – 4.0)]/(4.0 – 0.95) = 28/3.05 = 9.18 = 9.2
101. It is one of the most widely spread Musculoskeletal Diseases among electronic assemblers because this
work in its current form requires constant wrist flexion, similar to the wrist position of computer mouse
users
.
a. Tennis Elbow b. Trigger Finger
c. Tendonitis d. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Answer: d. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 102. What is the maximum rise in body temperature that analysts should
allow?
a. 1.4 oF b. 1.6 oF
c. 1.8 oF d. 1.9 oF
Answer: c. 1.8 oF
103. What is the increase in dBs of a noise that doubles in intensity?
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a. 1 b. 3
c. 5 d. 7
Answer: b. 3
104. It affects the ulnar nerve as it passes through a canal in the wrist; this is similar to carpal tunnel, but involves
a different nerve.
a. Guyner’s Syndrome b. Trigger Finger Syndrome

Answer: c. Tennis Elbow d. Tendonitis a. Guyner’s
Syndrome
105. It affects the ability of tendons to slip back and forth. The tendon and/or ligament thicken and a nodule
forms.
a. Guyner’s syndrome b. Trigger Finger

c. Tennis Elbow d. Tendonitis
Answer: b. Trigger Finger
106. What color combination would you use to attract attention to a new product being displayed?
a. Yellow-Green b. Yellow-Red
c. Yellow-Blue d. Yellow-Black
Answer: d. Yellow-Black
107. Based on OSHA law, how many continuous hours per day of a 100 dBA sound level would be permissible?
a. 1 hr of a 100 dBA sound level b. 2 hrs of a 100 dBA sound level

Answer: c. 3 hrs of a 100 dBA sound level d. 4 hrs of a 100 dBA sound level b. 2 hrs of a
100 dBA sound level
108. It is the awareness of objects, qualities or events stimulating a person’s sense organs and the process of
receiving information through the sensory channels--sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
a. Perception b. Detection
c. Error d. Slip-up
Answer: a. Perception
109. What is the technique that includes the identification of all the points in a sequence of operations at which
incorrect human action, or the failure to act or sins of omission, may lead to adverse consequences for
facility and/or persons?
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a. Human Error Assessment b. Human Performance Assessment

c. Human Reliability Assessment d. Human Efficiency Assessment
Answer: c. Human Reliability Assessment
110. What is the optimum line of sight?
a. 12 degrees b. 15 degrees
c. 17 degrees d. 20 degrees
Answer: b. 15 degrees
111. It is a cold-induced occlusion of blood flow to the hands, reducing dexterity.
a. Raynaud’s Syndrome b. Sjögren's Syndrome

c. Lyme Disease d. Takayasu's Arteritis
Answer: a. Raynaud’s Syndrome
112. What is the tendency to overshoot close targets and undershoot far targets, typically resulting from fatigue?
a. Sprout Effect b. Hodgepodge Effect

Answer: c. Bud Effect d. Range Effect d. Range Effect
113. A unit of measurement of the refractive power of lenses, equal to the reciprocal of the focal depth in meters.
a. Bandwidth b. Diopter
c. Foot-lambert d. Hertz
Answer: b. Diopter
114. A physical model constructed to reproduce the dimensions and ranges of movement of the human body for
a specified percentile of an identified population.
a. Anthropometric Dummy b. Anthropometric Measure

c. Anemometry d. Dynamometry
Answer: a. Anthropometric Dummy
115. Work-related musculoskeletal injuries due to highly repetitive motions involving excessive joint motions with
high force; also termed repetitive-motion injuries.
a. Atrophy b. Arthritis
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c. Tendonitis d. Cumulative Trauma Disorder
Answer: d. Cumulative Trauma Disorder
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116. An alternate keyboard design that optimizes the finger loading
a. Ducky Keyboard b. Qwerty Keyboard

c. Dvorak Keyboard d. Blackburn Keyboard
Answer: c. Dvorak Keyboard
117. What foot candle intensity would you recommend 30 inches above the floor in the company washroom?
a. with 10-20 foot candles illumination

b. with 15-25 foot candles illumination
c. with 20-30 foot candles illumination
d. with 25-35 foot candles illumination
Answer: a. with 10-20 foot candles illumination
118. The slow increase in heart rate during heavy work, indicating fatigue is called --
a. heart rate lethargy b. heart rate diffusion

c. heart rate creep d. heart rate recovery
Answer: c. heart rate creep
119. What do you call the information format corresponding to one of the five senses?
a. Display Modality b. Display Fusion

c. Display Logic d. Display Lucidity
Answer: a. Display Modality
120. What are the three most important task factors leading to cumulative trauma disorders?
a. Force, Posture, Lack of Rest

b. Force, Frequency, Lack of Rest
c. Force, Posture, Frequency
d. Lack of Rest, Frequency, and Variety of Individual Factors
Answer: c. Force, Posture, Frequency
121. It is the manner in which muscle tension is transferred inside the body along links and across joints as torque
to the point of application to a resisting object.
a. Muscle Strength b. Internal Transmission

c. Body Segment Strength d. Resistance Strength
Answer: b. Internal Transmission
122. The force or torque that can be applied by a body segment to an object external to the body.
a. Muscle Strength b. Internal Transmission

c. Body Segment Strength d. Resistance Strength
Answer: c. Body Segment Strength
123. Maximum duration of a muscle effort without rest until maximum discomfort, from a rested state.
a. Remaining Endurance Capacity b. Maximum Holding Time

c. Maximum Voluntary Contraction d. Maximum Isometric Force Exertion
Answer: b. Maximum Holding Time
124. Force or moment needed to maintain a posture with or without external force exertion, as a percentage of the
maximum force or moment that can be exerted in the same posture.
a. Muscle Force b. Muscle Strength

c. Muscle Contraction d. Muscle Effort
Answer: d. Muscle Effort
125. Time that a muscle effort can still be maintained continuously after a period of loading (and resting),
expressed as a percentage of the maximum holding time of the muscle effort during loading periods.
a. Remaining Endurance Capacity b. Maximum Acceptable Holding Time

c. Maximum Voluntary Contraction d. Maximum Isometric Force Exertion
Answer: a. Remaining Endurance Capacity
126. Reasoning or problem solving to determine the “best” explanation for a set of data.
a. Abductive Reasoning b, Abdicative Reasoning

c. Deductive Reasoning d. Specious Reasoning
Answer: a. Abductive Reasoning
127. A characteristic of computerized problem-solving systems based on either expert systems technology or
optimization techniques where they provide inadequate or incorrect advice because they have incomplete or
incorrect knowledge or an incomplete model of the domain.
a. Fragility b. Brittleness
c. Delicacy d. Stability
Answer: b. Brittleness
128. Errors made by a person using some product or system that could have been anticipated or predicted by the
designer and could have been feasibly engineered out so that the resultant hazard no longer existed.
a. Design-Diverged Errors b. Design-Prompted Errors

c. Design-Deviating Errors d. Design-Induced Errors
Answer: d. Design-Induced Errors
129. A decrease in performance over time on tasks such as inspection of a product for defects or monitoring of a
sonar screen.
a. Vigilance Decrement b. Oblivious Decrement

c. Insensible Decrement d. Subtle Decrement
Answer: a. Vigilance Decrement
130. A measure of the ability of a person to discriminate visual stimuli such as characters in text strings.
a. Visual Extreme b. Visual Ardent

c. Visual Favour d. Visual Acuity
Answer: d. Visual Acuity
131. The maximum force in pushing, pulling, or any other activity a person is willing to exert voluntarily under work
conditions that the force will not cause undue discomfort or strain. It is usually determined experimentally by
simulating work conditions in a laboratory.
a. Maximal Voluntary Force b. Maximal Voluntary Contraction

c. Maximum Acceptable Force d. Maximum Acceptable Contraction
Answer: c. Maximum Acceptable Force
132. A muscular contraction in which a person applies the strongest effort for lifting, pushing, pulling, etc. to the
point where he or she does not suffer from significant muscular discomfort or pain.
a. Maximal Voluntary Force b. Maximal Voluntary Contraction

c. Maximum Acceptable Force d. Maximum Acceptable Contraction
Answer: b. Maximal Voluntary Contraction
133. Movement that decreases the angle between two adjacent bones.
a. Flexion b. Lateral Movement

c. Radial Deviation d. Compression
Answer: a. Flexion
134. Occlusion of blood flow in an artery.
a. Ischemia b. Vasoconstriction
c. Drift d. Gist
Answer: a. Ischemia
135. Occupation vibration syndrome characterized by finger blanching due to ischemia of the digital arteries.
a. Ulnar Deviation b. Trigger Finger

c. Radial Deviation d. White Finger Syndrome
Answer: d. White Finger Syndrome
136. The morphological type of a human body.
a. Sammie b. Deneb
c. Somatotype d. Anthropos
Answer: c. Somatotype
REFERENCE
[1] Bridger, R.S. “Introduction to Ergonomics”, London, Taylor & Francis, 2003
[2] Freivalds, Andris, “Niebel’s Methods, Standards, and Work Design”, McGraw Hill International,
2009
[3] Karwowski, W. and Marras, W., “Occupational Ergonomics: Principles of Work Design”, Boca Raton, CRC
Press, 2003
[4] Salvendy, Gavriel “Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics”, Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley,
2007
[5] Wickens, C. D. “An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering”, Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Prentice
Hall, 2004
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Solved Probl ems in Ergonomics 2014

SOLVED PROBLEMS IN ERGONOMICS – QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE

1. It refers to how physical dimensions of the body affect capability of workers.

a. Ergonomics b. Human Factors

a. Occupational Accident b. Occupational Hazard

a. Basal Metabolism b. Activity Metabolism

Answer: a. Basal Metabolism

6. What is the recommended handle length of a hand tool?

8. A joint type for shoulder and hip movement.

a. Glycolysis b. Time Lag

10. A joint type for elbow and knee movement.

11. Muscular work for which the oxygen intake is inadequate.

a. Continuous Strength b. Dynamic Strength

a. Skeletal Muscles b. Smooth Muscles

Answer: b. Smooth Muscles

a. Isometric Muscle Contraction b. Biometric Muscle Contraction

Answer: c. Eccentric Muscle Contraction

a. Strength b. Muscle Endurance

a. Energy Expenditure b. Metabolism

a. 0.8 kcal per kg of body weight b. 1 kcal per kg of body weight

Answer: b. 1 kcal per kg of body weight

a. Ergonomics b. Human Factors

20. Which of the following is a static muscular activity?

a. Cranking a pump handle b. Turning a screw driver

Answer: c. Squeezing a pair of pliers

a. 90 beats per min b. 100 beats per min

Answer: c. 110 beats per min

a. Physical Ergonomics b. Cognitive Ergonomics

27. What is the basal metabolic rate of a 20-year old female?

Answer: c. 0.9 kcal per kg of body weight

a. Skeletal Muscles b. Smooth Muscles

Answer: d. Cardiac Muscles

a. Physical Ergonomics b. Cognitive Ergonomics

a. 1 kcal per min b. 2 kcal per min

Answer: d. 4 kcal per min

a. Continuous Strength b. Dynamic Strength

32. It concerns with the avoidance of industrial accidents

a. Occupational Accident b. Occupational Hazard

Answer: d. Occupational Safety

33. A joint type for neck movement.

34. What is the average strength of females compared with males?

a. 110 beats per min b. 120 beats per min

Answer: b. 120 beats per min

a. At elbow level b. Above elbow level

Answer: b. Above elbow level

39. It is defined as the capability to maintain an applied force over time.

a. Strength b. Muscle Endurance

Answer: b. Muscle Endurance

a. Isometric Muscle Contraction b. Biometric Muscle Contraction

Answer: d. Concentric Muscle Contraction

a. 2.5 energy expenditure: 1 li of oxygen b. 3.8 energy expenditure: 0.5 li of oxygen

Answer: c. 4.8 energy expenditure: 1 li of oxygen

a. Isometric Muscle Contraction b. Biometric Muscle Contraction

Answer: a. Isometric Muscle Contraction

a. 3 kcal per min b. 4 kcal per min

Answer: c. 5 kcal per min

a. Digestive tract b. Capillaries

48. The primary muscle involved in the desired motion.

49. A measure of the luminous intensity of a light source.

a. Color Perception b. Color Illumination