Mineras Lectures 3 Part 3
Mineras Lectures 3 Part 3
Mineras Lectures 3 Part 3
IODINE
• Iodine deficiency leads to a wide range of problems collectively known as ‘iodine deficiency
disorders’ (IDD). Internationally, IDD is a common health problem. According to the WHO, in 2007
nearly 2 billion individuals had insufficient iodine intake. The nature and severity of IDD can vary
widely, and depend on the severity and duration of the iodine deficiency and the life stage of the
population affected.
• 1- Simple or endemic goiter in adults
• 2- Cretinism in children: either acquired or congenital.
• Causes of deficiency:
• 1- Decrease intake of iodine
• 2- Goitrogenic substance in food as cabbage, cauliflower, onion, turnip, grape and soya
beans.
• Correction of iodine deficiency:
• Iodized salt was first successfully used in Switzerland in 1920s. The iodized salt loss its
iodine by heating or exposure to the air. It should be added after cooking and should be
kept covered all the time.
Iron
DEFICIENCY…
• Who are at risk for developing IDA?
– Women of childbearing age
– Pregnant women
– Low birth weight infants
– Older infants and toddlers
– Teenage girls
– Individuals with kidney failure (on Dialysis)
because failing kidneys cannot produce enough
erythropoietin to make RBC in the blood
– Intestinal worm infestation (hook worm etc.)
18
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS…
• Symptoms of IDA
– Lack of energy or tiredness
– Extreme fatigue and feeling of weakness
– Pale skin
– Light headedness, headache
– Pale skin on the lining of the eyes, the inner mouth and
the nails
– Rapid and forceful heartbeat
– Low blood pressure with position change from sitting to
standing up
• YYY
19
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS…
• Symptoms of IDA
– Fingernails that become thin, brittle and white may grow
abnormally with a spoon-shaped appearance
– Tongue may become sore, smooth and reddened
– Decrease in appetite
– Shortness of breath during exercise
– Decreased immune function and increased vulnerability to
infection
– A strong desire to eat nonfoods such as ice, paint or dirt (a
condition called Pica)
– Disturbed sleep and abdominal pain
21
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS…
• YYY
22
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS…
CONCLUSIONS 26
• YYY
FLUORINE