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    Unit 1 14.04.20 II

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    Deepak Gupta
    Malnutrition results from an imbalance between nutrient needs and intake, and can be under-nutrition from insufficient nutrients or over-nutrition from excess nutrients, with common causes including poverty, poor sanitation, and lack of nutrition education. Major forms of under-nutrition include protein-energy malnutrition disorders like kwashiorkor and marasmus, as well as vitamin and mineral deficiencies leading to deficiencies. Prevention focuses on increasing food production, fortifying foods, and educating people on nutrition and disease control.

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    Unit 1 14.04.20 II

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Gupta
    21 views22 pages
    Malnutrition results from an imbalance between nutrient needs and intake, and can be under-nutrition from insufficient nutrients or over-nutrition from excess nutrients, with common causes including poverty, poor sanitation, and lack of nutrition education. Major forms of under-nutrition include protein-energy malnutrition disorders like kwashiorkor and marasmus, as well as vitamin and mineral deficiencies leading to deficiencies. Prevention focuses on increasing food production, fortifying foods, and educating people on nutrition and disease control.

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    Malnutrition results from an imbalance between nutrient needs and intake, and can be under-nutrition from insufficient nutrients or over-nutrition from excess nutrients, with common causes including poverty, poor sanitation, and lack of nutrition education. Major forms of under-nutrition include protein-energy malnutrition disorders like kwashiorkor and marasmus, as well as vitamin and mineral deficiencies leading to deficiencies. Prevention focuses on increasing food production, fortifying foods, and educating people on nutrition and disease control.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views22 pages

    Unit 1 14.04.20 II

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Gupta
    Malnutrition results from an imbalance between nutrient needs and intake, and can be under-nutrition from insufficient nutrients or over-nutrition from excess nutrients, with common causes including poverty, poor sanitation, and lack of nutrition education. Major forms of under-nutrition include protein-energy malnutrition disorders like kwashiorkor and marasmus, as well as vitamin and mineral deficiencies leading to deficiencies. Prevention focuses on increasing food production, fortifying foods, and educating people on nutrition and disease control.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Malnutrition- Consequences, Causes,

    Prevention and Control

    PRESENTED BY:-
    DEEPAK KUMAR GUPTA
    ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
    SOP(DR APJ ABDUL KALAM
    UNIVERSITY INDORE
    Introduction
    • Malnutrition is defined as imbalance between the body’s need
    and the intake of nutrients, which can lead to nutritional
    disorders.

    • So intake of nutrients in proper amount is needed


    Types of Malnutrition
    • Malnutrition is divided into two main types

    1. Under-nutrition
    2. Over-nutrition

    In under-nutrition nutrients are undersupplied,


    and in over-nutrition nutrients are over supplied both
    causes nutritional disorders.
    Causes of Malnutrition
    Disorders due to Malnutrition
     Protein-energy malnutrition
     Kwashiorkor
     Marasmus

     Under nutrition of vitamins and minerals

     Obesity
    Under nutrition of vitamins and minerals
    Under nutrition of minerals Under nutrition of vitamins

    • Calcium • Thiamine (Vitamin B1)


    – Rickets – Beriberi
    • Iodine deficiency • Niacin (Vitamin B3)
    – Goiter – Pellagra
    • Iron deficiency • Vitamin C
    – Anemia – Scurvy
    • Zinc • Vitamin D
    – Growth retardation – Rickets
    Kwashiorkor
     Between 1-3 years old childrens

    Etiology:
    • Very low protein but w/calories from CHO
    • In places where starchy foods are main staple
    • Never exclusively dietary

    Symptoms
    1. Edema
    2. Muscle wasting
    3. Hair changes
    4. Depigmentation of skin
    5. Moonface
    Marasmus
     Common in the 1st year of life

    Etiology:
     “Balanced starvation”
     Insufficient breast milk
     Dilute milk mixture or lack of hygiene

     Symptoms:
    1. Muscle wasting
    2. Growth retardation
    3. Mental changes
    4. No edema
    5. Variable-subnormal temp,
    6. Often diarrhea
    Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency Beriberi

    Biochemically, there is accumulation of pyruvic and lactic acid in body


    fluids causing:

    1. Cardiac dysfunction such as cardiac enlargement esp right side, edema


    of interstitial tissue.

    2. Degeneration of myelin & of axon cylinders resulting in


    peripheral neuropathy and

    3. weakness of eye movement, ataxia of gait and mental disturbance


    Thiamine Deficiency (Beriberi)
    Two forms:

    1. Wet beriberi: generalized edema, acute cardiac symptoms and


    prompt response to thiamine administration

    2. Dry beriberi: edema not present and neurological


    Thiamine Deficiency (Beriberi)
    Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency
    Functions:
    1. Acts as coenzyme of flavoprotein important in a. a., f. a. &
    CHO metabolism & cellular respiration

    2. Needed also by retinal eye pigments for light adaptation


    Riboflavin Deficiency
    Niacin (Vitamin B3) Deficiency Pellagra

    Etiology:

    1. Diets low in niacin &/or tryptophan


    2. Amino acid imbalance or as a result of malabsorption
    3. Excessive corn consumption

    Symptoms
    4. weakness, irritability & dizziness
    5. dermatitis, diarrhea & dementia
    6. Dermatitis may develop insidiously to sunlight or heat
    a. First appears as symmetrical erythema
    b. Followed by drying, scaling & pigmentation w/ vesicles & bullae at
    times
    7. diarrhea, Mental changes include depression, irritability,
    Niacin Deficiency (Pellagra)
    Goiter

    • A goiter is a swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the


    thyroid
    gland, associated with a thyroid gland that is functioning properly or not.

    • Causes due to iodine deficiency


    Anemia

    • Iron-deficiency anemia is a common anemia caused by insufficient


    dietary intake and absorption of iron, and/or iron loss from bleeding which
    can originate from a range of sources such as the intestinal, uterine or
    urinary tract.
    • Iron deficiency causes approximately half of all anemia cases worldwide,
    and affects women more often than men.

    This can result if:


    • The body does not make enough red blood cells
    • Bleeding causes loss of red blood cells more quickly than they can be
    replaced
    Rickets

    • Rickets is a softening of bones in immature mammals due to deficiency or


    impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium.

    • Rickets is among the most frequent childhood diseases in many


    developing countries.

    • The predominant cause is a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of


    adequate calcium in the diet may also lead to rickets (cases of
    severe diarrhea and vomiting may be the cause of the deficiency).
    Prevention of malnutrition
    • Use modern agricultural techniques to increase
    agricultural
    of theproduction

    • Proper education to peoples regarding importance of food

    • Enrichment of food

    • Fortification of food

    • Genetic engineering for the development of new varieties eg-


    golden rice
    Cont…
    • Government projects to provide healthy food to infants
    and
    pregnant woman

    • Staple food should available at very cheap rate

    • Common people should adopt rotation in food

    • Use of probiotic microorganism in food

    • Global public health and disease control measures.

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