The document discusses the classification of sports skills as either open or closed skills and explains different practice structures used by coaches including massed practice, distributed practice, fixed practice, and varied practice. Skills can be placed on a continuum from open to closed and can also be classified as basic or complex.
The document discusses the classification of sports skills as either open or closed skills and explains different practice structures used by coaches including massed practice, distributed practice, fixed practice, and varied practice. Skills can be placed on a continuum from open to closed and can also be classified as basic or complex.
The document discusses the classification of sports skills as either open or closed skills and explains different practice structures used by coaches including massed practice, distributed practice, fixed practice, and varied practice. Skills can be placed on a continuum from open to closed and can also be classified as basic or complex.
The document discusses the classification of sports skills as either open or closed skills and explains different practice structures used by coaches including massed practice, distributed practice, fixed practice, and varied practice. Skills can be placed on a continuum from open to closed and can also be classified as basic or complex.
To be able to describe the different types of skill classification.
To be able to categorise sporting events on a skill classification
continuum.
To understand the types of practice using by coaches.
To apply knowledge of practices to different sporting activities.
Classification of skills
How are sports skills classified?
Classification of skills Skill differs from ability in that it is not innate, skills are learnt.
They are developed from ability after a period of practice.
To produce a skilled performance, the player must practise so that
the required abilities are enhanced. Classification of skills Skills are usually classified on a sliding scale called a continuum. This is a visual guide to indicate where a skill fits into a specific category. Skill Classification – Open/Closed An open skill is one that is A closed skill involves less affected by the sporting decision making because it has environment. The performer a predictable environment. has to make decisions in The performer can take their response to their time to execute the skill. surroundings.
OPEN CLOSED
Think. Pair. Share - Can you name other skills and where would they fit on the continuum? Skill Classification – Basic/Simple & Complex A complex skill involves a Simple skills have a limited high level of decision making amount of information to and has a large cognitive or process. The skill has a smaller thinking element to it. cognitive element.
COMPLEX BASIC/SIMPLE
Think. Pair. Share - Can you name other skills and where would they fit on the continuum? Skill Classification – Organisation A low organised skill can be A highly organised skill is hard broken down into parts, or to break down since it is fast in subroutines. its execution.
LOW ORGANISED HIGH ORGANISED
Think. Pair. Share - Can you name other skills and where would they fit on the continuum? Skill Classification Skills can be divided into ones that are outcome based and others that have an unpredictable outcome.
Closed Skills: These are skills that are performed in the same situation and have no variation. The skills are unaffected by the environment. The actions involved in closed skills follow a set routine or pattern of movement.
Think. Pair. Share - Can you name 3 other closed skills?
Skill Classification Open Skills: These are performed in a changing environment. This can include: • Opponents movements • Pace of the ball • Height and distance from the ball
Open skills require
adaptability from the performer.
Think. Pair. Share - Can you name 3 other open skills?
Skill Classification Open/Closed Continuum: This continuum represents the degree with which a skill is open or closed.
Open skill ________________________________ Closed skill
Think. Pair. Share - Where would you place the following
sports on the continuum? Practice structures Skills and actions are learnt in a variety of ways. Performers will usually learn through one or more of the following ways:
Trial and error - Role models -
Practice - repeating Attempting the skill Watching an elite Copying - In the actions over and until successful is a performer execute initial stages of over. As individuals lengthy process. the skill we intend learning it is easier get better at the This method of to learn can provide to observe and copy skill opposition can learning is best with some feedback an actions. be added. a highly motivated about how to athlete. complete it. Practice structures Massed practice: Massed practice is when no rest intervals are given between each component of the training session. It is used when a coach wants to promote a high level of fitness.
i.e. A coach putting a team
of footballers through a 1 hour fitness session none stop. Players should be able to cope with 45 minute halves. Practice structures Massed practice is appropriate for:
• Simple skills that demand little attention, so the performer can
still focus on the task after numerous attempts.
• Discrete skills with a clear end. These are usually short and sharp and can be undertaken easily without a rest. Practice structures Distributed practice: Distributed practice is when a rest interval is given to allow recuperation. Feedback, coaching and advice on technique can be given during the interval. It is suitable for: • Beginners, who can focus on the next part of the skill during the break.
• Performers who are unfit.
• Performers who need
encouragement from the coach to improve motivation. Practice structures Fixed practice: Fixed practice uses repetition of the same activity to promote over-learning. This ensures that more advanced performers maintain consistency in their performance.
It is appropriate for closed
skills that do not require adaptation to the environment, self- paced skills, and simple skills that have a discrete element to them. Practice structures Varied practice: Varied practice involves using different methods to achieve a learning goal, or performing a task in different situations. It aims to provide the performer with the ability to adapt a skill to a range of possible circumstances.
This method is appropriate for
open skills, where the sporting environment tends to change.
Varied practice is often used with
beginners, because it allows them to progress when more difficult elements of the task are added to those they are already familiar with. Apply it! What has stuck with you?
Define what is meant by the
Describe the different practice open/closed continuum in structures that exist. skill classification.
Classification of skill
What is the difference
Explain the term ‘fixed between basic and complex practice’ skills? Practice it! Exam questions 1. Which one of the following is NOT a type of practice structure? (1)
A Massed Practice B Fixed Practice C Assisted Practice D Variable Practice Practice it! Exam questions 2. Sports skills can be classified as open or closed skills. Explain how a coach would vary a training session when coaching open and closed skills. (3) Practice it! Marks Scheme: 1. C 2. If a skill is closed (like a penalty) practice should be in closed conditions (1), however, if it is an open skill, the skill should be practised in pressured situations (1) so the player/team get used to using the skill under pressure of time/opposition (1). If a skill is open (like a pass during the game) practice should be in open conditions (1) it should be practised using variable practice (1) so the player/team get used to adapting the execution of the skill to match the changing circumstances of the game (1). Knowing whether a skill is open or closed means that the coach can set up appropriate drills in training (1), this means that the players would practise closed skills in closed conditions to match the way they need to perform the skill in the game (1), this allows the performer to focus on the skill without unnecessary distractions from others (1).
