SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK

TOPIC

1. Reflection: Triangular and Rectangular glass prism - Angle of deviation and calculation; real
and apparent depth

2. Reflection of curve mirror; Lenses types of lenses, image formation in lenses, lens formula
and calculations

3. Optical instruments microscope camera, projector, telescope, simple and compound

4. Optical instruments - binoculars, human eye, defects and correction

5. Dispersion of white light - production of pure and impure spectrum, recombination of

components of spectrum using colour filter, newton disk

6. Dispersion of white light colour and paints, mixing, determination of refractive index

7. Sound wave production, transmission, speed of sound in solid, liquid, air; noise and music

8. Sound wave - Effects of temperature and pressure on velocity of sound, echo and its
application, reverberation, characteristics of sound, forced vibration, resonance functions of
hearing aids-

9. Resonance vibration in pipes and string, musical instruments, harmonics and overtones

10.Practical

11. Revision

12. Examination

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS

• New School Physics by M.W Anyakhoha

• New System Physics by Dr. Charles Chow.

• SSCE WAEC Past Questions

• UTME Physics Past Questions

WEEK ONE

• Reflection of light on plane surface

• Laws of reflection

• Image formation by plane mirror

• Application of reflection on plane mirror

REFLECTION OF LIGHT ON PLANE SURFACE

There are two types of reflection:

1.Regular Reflection

2.Diffuse Reflection or Irregular Reflection

Diffuse Reflection or Irregular Reflection

In regular reflection, parallel rays of light incident on a smooth or polished surface are reflected
as parallel rays in one direction. In diffused or irregular reflection, parallel rays of light incident
on a rough or irregular surface are reflected in various directions

LAWS OF REFLECTION

The first law of reflection states that the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the
point of incidence all lie in the same plane

The second law of reflection states that the angle of incidence (i) is equal to angle of reflection

CHARACTERISTICS OF IMAGE FORMED BY PLANE MIRROR

1.It is the same size as the object

2.It is virtual

3. It is laterally inverted

4. It is upright

5. It is far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror

IMAGE

There are two types of image:

1. Real image

2. Virtual image
Real image

A real image is one that can be caught on a screen. Light rays actually pass through real image.

Virtual Image

A virtual image is one that cannot be caught on a screen. It is one through which rays do not
actually pass but which is nevertheless visible to the eye.

LATERAL INVERSION

The effect on plane mirror on objects placed in front of it whereby the appearance of the image
looks like a reversal of the object is known as lateral inversion

IMAGES FORMED BY INCLINED MIRROR

When two mirrors are placed at an angle to each other, the number of images formed is given
by:

N = 360/e-1

N= no of image, e= angle of inclination

1:16 ex 3

N = Number of images

Edudelight.com

e=Angle of inclination

When = 180º, the two mirrors will act as a single mirror and therefore formed only one image.
When 0 = 0, the two mirrors are parallel to each other and the image of object placed between
them will be at infinity.

EFFECT OF MIRROR ROTATION ON REFLECTED

RAY-MIRROR GALVANOMETER

If the direction of an incident ray on a mirror is kept constant and the mirror is rotated through
twice that angle. This fact is utilized in mirror galvanometer (to measure very small electric
current) and in the navigators sextant.

EXAMPLE

The reflection of a narrow beam of light incident normally on a plane mirror falls on a metre rule
parallel to the mirror and at a distance of 1m. Calculate the angle of rotation of the mirror if the
reflected beam is displaced 21.26cm along the metre-rule when the mirror rotated.
Angle ONP = 20

Tan 2 0 21.26

100

= 0.2126

20 = tan¹ (0.2126)

20=120

0 = 60

EVALUATION

1. If the angle of reflection of a propagated ray is 35°, calculate (a) The angle of deviation (b)
The angle of glance (c) Angle of incidence.

2. An object is placed between two mirrors inclined at an angle 40 to each other. Find the
number of images that will be formed.

USES OF PLANE MIRROR

1. It is used in periscope

2. It is used in kaleidoscope

3. It is used in sextant

General Revision

1. An object is released from rest at a height of 25m. Calculate the time it take to fall to the
ground? [g=10m/s²]

2 A body is projected horizontally from the top of a tower with a velocity of 20m/s. It land on a
level ground at a horizontal distance of 60m from the foot of the tower. Calculate the height of
the tower. [g= 10m/s²]

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1 Plane mirrors are used in all these except (a) periscope (b) sextant (c) kaleidoscope (c)
binoculars

2 Two plane mirrors are placed touching and at 60° to each other. If an object is placed between
the mirrors and viewed from above the mirrors. How many images will the eye see? (a) 5
images (b) 6 images (c) 4 images (d) 3 images
3 When a ray of light is reflected from a plane surface, the angle of incidence is always equal to
the angle of (a) reflection (b) refraction ( c) diffraction (d) dispersion

4 Which of the following statements is untrue? When an image is formed in a plane mirror, the
image formed will be (a) the same size as the object(b) smaller than the object (c) laterally
inverted (d) always virtual

5 In which of the following instrument is the image that is formed erect (a) pin hole camera (b)
simple camera (c) microscope (d) periscope

THEORY

1 What do you understand by the term lateral inversion?

2 Two plane mirrors inclining at an unknown angle, forms 11 images. Find the value of the angle?

WEEK TWO

REFLECTION ON CURVED MIRROR-TYPES, IMAGE PRODUCED, USES AND MIRROR FORMULAE

TYPES OF CURVED MIRROR

When a shell of a hollow sphere of glass is made out of a piece of glass and then silvered, a
curved or spherical mirror is obtained. These mirrors due to their curvature form images that are
quite different from plane mirrors. If the glass is silvered from outside so that light can be
reflected from inside, it is called concave or converging mirror.

Convex mirror

If the coating is done so that the reflection is from outside, it is called convex or diverging mirror.

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF CURVED MIRROR

The essential parts of spherical mirrors are the aperture, the plow, the centre of curvature, the
radius of curvature.

The aperture is the width (AB) of the mirror. The pole (P) is the centre of the reflecting surface
of the curved mirror. The centre of curvature (c) is the centre of the sphere of which the mirror
forms a part.

The radius of curvature is the distance from the pole to the centre of curvature (cp). It is the
radius of curvature that determines the action of a curved mirror. For concave mirror, the radius
of curvature is in front while it is behind for convex mirror.

The principal axis is the parallel line (pc) from the pole to the centre of curvature. When a beam
of light is incident on a curved mirror, the rays are reflected or diverge from a point called a
focus.
The principal focus of a concave mirror is the point where rays that are parallel and close to the
principal axis converge after reflection. The principal focus of a convex mirror is the point from
which rays parallel and close to the principal axis appear to diverge after reflection.

Hence, the focus of a concave mirror is real since the converging rays can be seen on the
screen but of convex mirror is virtual. The focal length, f, of a spherical mirror is half of its radius
of curvature. r = 2f or f = r/2 r= radius of curvature f = focal length

r= radius of curvature f = focal length

FORMATION OF IMAGES BY SPHERICAL MIRROR

The position and nature of images formed by curved mirrors can be investigated by placing a
brightly lit object and a screen in front of the mirror so that the light from the object is incident
on the mid-point of the mirror.

RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING IMAGES FORMED BY SPHERICAL MIRROR

Rays diagrams can be constructed for images formed by spherical mirror based on the
following rules:

.Rays parallel to the principal axis passes through the principal focus after reflection

.Rays through the principal focus are reflected parallel to the principal axis

.Rays passing the centre of curvature are reflected back along their path. This is in line with the
principle of reversibility of light. Thus an object and its image can be interchanged. The two
positions of the object and its image are called conjugate foci since an object placed at any of
these positions will produce an image at the other.

APPLICATION OF THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT

Concave mirrors are used in torches, as shaving mirror, in car headlamp and in reflecting
telescope. Convex mirrors are used as driving mirrors because they give erect image and have a
wide field of view than a plane mirror of the same diameter.

MIRROR FORMULAE

The image distance, V, the object distance, U, and the final length, f, of a mirror or lens is related
by 1 + 1 = 1 VUF When 1/U is plotted against 1/V, the intercept on either axes is equal to 1/F,
from which the focal length can be calculated. The focal length is equal to the slope of the
graph of UV against V.

The power of a lens is the reciprocal of the focal length of a lens in metres.

P = 1/f
THE SIMPLE MICROSCOPE OR MAGNIFYING GLASS

A complex lens gives an enlarged upright virtual image of an object placed inside the principal
focus. This constitutes a simple microscope. It is used for reading and studying biological
specimens.

CLASSWORK

1. (a) Define the focal length of a converging lens (b) Draw a simple ray diagram of an object
placed at the center of curvature of a converging lens and when between the center of curvature
and the focus

2. A small image is viewed through a converging lens held close to the eye. If the focal length of
the lens is 10cm and a virtual image of height 2cm is formed 30cm away from the lens, obtain
by calculation (i) the distance of object from the lens (ii) the size of the object

ASSIGNMENT

SECTION A

1. The image formed by a converging lens is 3 times as tall as the object. If the focal length of
the lens is 12cm, calculate the distance of the image from the object (a) 16cm (b) 48cm (c)
32cm (d) 64cm

2. Which of the following correctly describe the image formed by a diverging lens? (a)
Diminished, erect and virtual (b) Diminished, inverted and real (c) Magnified, erect and virtual (d)
Magnified, inverted and real

3. The distance between optical centre and twice the principal focus of a lens is called. (a)
Optical centre (b) focal length (c) principal axis (d) radius of curvature

4. A pin 6cm high is placed in frontof a diverging lens of focal length 15cm. calculate the
position of the image formed (a) -15cm (b) 15cm (c) -10cm (d) 10cm

5. Calculate the power of a converging lens with a focal length of 5cm (a) +0.0D (b) +0.2D(c) -
20.0 (d) -0.2D

WEEKS THREE & FOUR

OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

The Compound Microscope

The Astronomical Telescope

The Human Eye ‫܀‬

THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

The compound microscope produces a greater magnification than the simple microscope. It
has two lenses, the objective lens which has a short focal length and the eye piece used as the
magnifying glass to view an image formed by the objective lens.

The image formed by the objective lens is within the principal focus of the piece. So a final
image is formed at the least distance of distinctive vision from the eye.

THE ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE

An astronomical telescope is used for viewing distance objects like stars and planets. The
astronomical telescope uses two convex lenses; the objective lens and the eye piece. The
objective lens has a long focal length and forms a real image of a distant object at its focal
plane. The position of the eyepiece and the objective lens must coincide along the principal
focus so that the final image is at infinity. The astronomical telescope gives an inverted image
which can be tolerated when looking at the stars but is at a disadvantage on the earth.

THE HUMAN EYE

The optical system of the eye consist of the cornea, the aqueous, the vitreous humour and the
lens. They form a real and inverted image of an external object on the retina. The retina
transmits the impression created on it by the image through the optic nerve to the brain. The
brain then interprets the impression. The amount of light entering the eye through the pupil is
regulated by the iris.)

(a) A long sighted person can see objects at a distance but cannot see close objects clearly. His
near point is more than 25cm which is the near point of the normal eye. It is caused by the eye
ball being too short so that rays from object at 25cm from the eye are brought to focus behind
the retina. It is corrected by converging lens placed in front of the eye for near vision.

(b) A short sighted person cannot see distant objects clearly as rays from such objects are
focused in front of the retina. His far point is less than the normal far point which is at infinity. It
is corrected by the use of diverging lens. The diverging lens makes the object at infinity to
appear to be at the person's far point.

CLASSWORKS 3&4

1. Explain these eye defects with their corrections (a) Hypermetropia (b) Myopia (c)
Astigmatism

2. Write short note on these: (a) Accommodation (b) near point (c) far point

3. Give 3 differences between the camera and the eye

4. Highlight 3 similarities of the eye and the camera

ASSIGNMENT 3&4

SECTION A

1. For correcting long sight defects in the human eyes, we require Converging lens (b) diverging
lens (c) microscope (d) periscope

2. A magnified and virtual image of a near object is produced by (a) prism binocular (b)
astronomical telescope (c) periscope (d) simple periscope

3. When an astronomical telescope is in normal adjustment, the focal length of the objective
lens is 50cm and that of the eye piece is 5.0cm. What is the distance between the lenses (a)
10.0cm (b) 30.0cm (c) 45.0cm (d) 55.0cm

4. Which of the following optical instruments does not make use of a lens? (a) projector (b)
periscope (c) eye (d) microscope

5. The ability of the eye to focus object at different distances is called (a) Power (b)
accommodations (c) normal vision (d) long sight

6. What part of the camera corresponds to the iris of the eye? (a) diaphragm (b) film (c) lens (d)
shutter

7. Binocular vision (a) Restricts the field of view (b) Enables a person to see further (c) Enables
objects to be seen in relief (d) Enables objects to be seen clearly

SECTION B

1. Illustrate with diagrams how these eye defects can be remedied by the use of suitable lenses

2. Draw the optical arrangement of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment showing

the positions of the principal foci of the lenses used and the path of two rays from the top of a
distant object through the instrument to the observer's eye.

3. Explain these terms: binocular vision, persistence of vision.

WEEKS FIVE AND SIX

DISPERSION OF WHITE LIGHT

Production of pure

Production of impure spectrum

White light has a band of wavelengths of different colours. This is called the spectrum colours.
Red light has the longest wavelength in air (700 x 10-9m) while violet light has the shortest
wavelength (450 x 10-9m) in air.

In a vacuum and in air, all the colours of white light travel at the same speed. But in glass, the
colours travel at different speeds. Thus, a glass prism can separate or dispute white light into
its various colours or wavelengths.

White light from a source e.g. sunlight, passes through a narrow slit and is incident on the glass
prism. After leaving the glass prism, white light is separated into a band or spread of impulse
colours which are formed on the screen. The spectrum of white light consists of (bands of) red,
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet colours (ROYGBIV). The separation of the colours
by the glass prism is called dispersion. The red colour is deviated least, while the violet colour is
deviated most.

PRODUCTION OF A PURE SPECTRUM

The spectrum described above is an impure spectrum, because the different bands of colour
overlap. A spectrum in which such an overlap does not occur is called a pure spectrum. This
can be obtained by using an arrangement of converging lenses in addition to the glass prism.

White light from a source passes through a narrow slit and are incident on the first converging
lens. The slit is located at the focus of the lens, and hence the white light is rendered parallel
after refraction through the lens. Thus, a beam of parallel light is incident on the glass prism. In
this way, rays of the same colour will suffer the same amount of deviation by the prism, and
each colour will emerge as a parallel beam. They are then brought to focus by the second
converging lens. The different colours, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet are then
brought to different foci on the screen.

COLOUR MIXING

Each colour of light has its own characteristic wavelength. If the light if the yellow wavelength
enters the eye, it sees yellow. However, if a mixture of red and green light enters the eye it also
sees yellow. All the colours that the eye sees can be made by mixing three basic colours, these
three colours, which are called primary colours, are red, blue and green.

The colour made by mixing any two primary colours are called secondary colours.
These are:

(I)red + blue= magenta

(ii) bluegreen cyan

(iii) green + red = yellow

The mixing of coloured lights is known as additive mixing. All the three primary colours mix
together to give white light. Red+blue+green = white

The operation of colour movies is based on addictive colour mixing

COLOURED FILTERS

Coloured filters are made out of coloured glass. A coloured filter transmits its own colour, but
absorbs any other colour which falls on it.

COLOURED PIGMENT

An object can only be seen when light is reflected from it into the eye. The substance which
gives an object its colour is called a pigment. A pigment absorbs all colours except its own,
which it reflects.

A black pigment absorbs all colours and reflects none. A white pigment reflects all colours.
Coloured objects such as pigments (paints) used by painters can also be mixed together. The
mixing of colours pigments is known as subtractive mixing.

CLASSWORKS 5&6

1. List the three primary colours and the secondary colours formed from the mixture of these
primary colours

2. Explain the term 'dispersion of light'

3. (a) Define complimentary colours (b) List the primary colours and their corresponding
compliments

ASSIGNMENTS 5&6

SECTION A

1. Which of the following colours of light is most deviated when light passes through a
triangular prism? (a) orange (b) green (c) indigo (d) yellow

2. Which of the following pairs of light rays shows the widest separation in the spectrum of
white light? (a) green and blue (b) orange and indigo (c) blue and violet (d) red and yellow
3. When a ray of sunlight passes obliquely through a rectangular glass block, (a) it emerges
without displacement parallel to the incident ray (b) it gets dispersed into seven visible colours
without any deviation at all (c) it deviates without dispersion (d) it gets laterally displaced, and
the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray

4. The direction of a light ray changes as it passes from one medium to another. The
phenomenon is called (a) diffraction (b) reflection (c) dispersion (d) refraction

5. A piece of cloth appears green in sunlight. When held in red light, it will appear (a) green (b)
blue (c) red (d) black

6. The separation of white light into its constituent colour is known as (a) deviation
(b)diffraction (c) dispersion (d) deflection

7. Another name for light of one wavelength or colour (a) dispersed light (b)

hight light (c) monochromatic light (d) transparent light

8. The following colours are primary colours except? (a)red (b) green (c)blue (d) yellow

9. When white light passes through a triangular prism, there is dispersion because of (a)
diffraction of light (b) polarization of light (c) the difference in speed of the components of
light(d) the interference of light waves in glass

10.The invisible part of the spectrum of white light consists of (a) infrared and ultraviolet only (b)
infrared, ultraviolet and blue only (c) red, orange and green only (d) red and violet only

SECTION B

1. Why does (a) green grass appear green and (b) red glass appear red when looked through in
sunlight

2. Describe with the aid of a well labeled diagram how a pure spectrum of white light can be
produced?

3. (a) Distinguish between pure and impure spectrum of white light (b) List the colours in the
spectrum of white light in the descending order of wavelength.

WEEKS SEVEN & EIGHT

SOUND WAVE - PRODUCTION, TRANSMISSION, SPEED OF SOUND IN

SOLID, LIQUID, AIR; NOISE AND MUSIC; FORCED VIBRATION,

RESONANCE

❖ Production of sound waves

❖Transmission of sound waves

✰ Characteristics of sound

Resonance

Sound waves are produced by vibrating objects. Some of the source of sound are talking,
shouting, beating, beating drums, blowing of flutes, shooting of a rifle, a ringing telephone, the
noise from moving cars and airplanes and musical

instruments.

TRANSMISSION OF SOUND WAVES

Sound travels from place to place as sound waves. Sound must have a substance to travel
through i.e. it does not travel through a vacuum. There is nothing in a vacuum to pass on
vibrations. Sound waves are longitudinal waves i.e. the air vibrates backwards and forwards in
the wave is moving. It can travel through solids, liquids and gases. The air changes the vibration
into impulses which are carried into brain for interpretation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

A. PITCH

This depends on the frequency of the sound waves. If the frequency is increase, the pitch of the
sound also increases.

B. LOUDNESS

The loudness of the sound depends on its intensity. The intensity of the sound of the wave is
the rate of the flow of energy per unit area, perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Intensity
is proportional to the square of the amplitude. The greater the intensity, the louder the sound.

C. QUALITY

This is the property which enables us to distinguish the same note played ondifferent
instruments e.g. a piano and an organ, the quality of a musical notes depends on the harmonies.
When a note is produced, the strongest, audible frequency heard is the fundamental. All other
frequencies present ar harmonics or overtones.

FORCED VIBRATION

If tuning fork A is struck and stopped, you find that it will cause tuning fork B to vibrate, provided
both forks have the same frequency. This is called forced vibration. Other forms off forced
vibration include:

a. RESONANCE

Resonance is a special case of forced vibration which occurs when a system is made to vibrate
at its own natural frequency as a result of forced vibrations received from another sources of
the same frequency.

b. RESONANCE IN STRINGS

Stationary waves can occur on a stretched string or wire.. This is obtained by varying the driving
frequency of the string.

CLASSWORKS 7&8

Define the following terms

1. Pitch

2. Loudness

3. Quality

4. Resonance

ASSIGNMENTS 7&8

SECTION A

1. The frequency of a stretched string has a fundamental note produced given by the relation: (a)
fo = √(b) fo= √ √ (c) f₁ = (d) f = 1x

2. A boy standing some distance from the foot of a tall cliff claps his hands and hears an echo
0.5s later. If the speed of sound in air is 340m/s, how far is he from the cliff? (a) 17m (b) 24m (c)
85m (d) 170m

3. Which of the following is odd? (a) flute (b) trumpet (c) saxophone (d) guitar

4. Sound wave differs from water wave.........(a) energy transfer is involve (b) they can be
refracted and reflected (c) no transfer of the medium is involved (d)They are longitudinal wave

5. The periodic rise and fall in amplitude or loudness of the sound produced when two notes of
nearly equal frequencies are sounded together is called (a) loudness (b) pitch (c) beat (d) note

6. The characteristics note which helps to identify sound from different musical instruments is
called (a) quality (b) loudness (c) beat (d) overtones

7. A noise of frequency 2000Hz has a velocity of 400m/s. What is the wavelength of the noise?
(a) 0.02m (b) 0.25m (c) 0.2m (d) 2m

8. A man stands 50m in front of a cliff and claps his hands and the echo is heard 0.3 seconds
later. Calculate the speed of sound in air in metre per seconds (a) 333 (b) 330 (c) 233 (d) 220

9. A source of sound produces waves in air if wavelength 1.65m. If the speed of sound in air is
330m/s, the period of vibration is (a) 200 (b) 0.005 (c) 0.5 (D) 0.02

10. The speed of sound traveling in various media increases in the following correct order (a)
iron bar, air, water iron bar (d) water, iron bar, air

SECTION B

(b) air, iron bar, water (c) air, water,

1. What is sound and how is it produced?

2. Explain the following terms: (i) echo (ii) reverberation (iii) resonance

3. A sound frequency 100Hz and wavelength 3.34m is travelling through air, calculate the
velocity of sound in air.

WEEK NINE

RESONANCE - VIBRATION IN PIPES AND STRING, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, HARMONICS AND

OVERTONES

Wind instruments

❖ String instruments

Percussion instruments

Echoes and their application

WIND INSTRUMENTS

Clarinets, flute, saxophone, trumpet are examples of wind musical instruments. A musical note
originates from a source vibrating in a uniform manner with one or more constant frequencies
music is a combination of musical notes. All wind instrument use resonating air columns to
produce their sounds. Sounds from wind instruments may originate from:

i. Air vibrating over an opening e.g. organ and flute

ii. The vibrating lips of a brass instrument e.g. trumpet

iii. A vibrating heel e.g. clarinet, saxophone

Some columns are of fixed length, their resonant frequencies being altered by the opening or
the closing of holes in the column e.g. clarinet, a recorder, some instruments are played by
altering the length the air column e.g. trumpet.

STRINGED INSTRUMENTS

The guitar, the sonometer and piano are examples of stringed musical instruments. These
instruments may be set in vibration by a bow, or plucked with a finger e.g. a violin is bowed
while a guitar is plucked. The frequency of a vibrating string depends on its length, the mass
and the force that keeps the string taut. Stringed instruments vibrate as a whole and in loops at
the same time e.g. the violin. These vibrations produce both the fundamental and overtones
frequencies.

PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS (drums, bell, talking drum)

Percussion instruments produce musical notes when they are struck or hit. They have rods,
plates or membranes that vibrate when struck; for example, there are rods in bells, plates (bars)
in xylophones and membrane in drums.

ECHOES AND THEIR APPLICATION

An echo is the repetition of sounds caused by the reflection of sound waves from a hard
surface. Buildings, walls and cliffs are good reflector of sound.

CLASSWORK 9

Write short note on the following with two examples each

1. Percussion instruments

2. Wind instruments

3. Stringed instruments

ASSIGNMENT 9

SECTION A

1. In stringed instruments like a guitar or violin, high pitched notes are produced by strings that
are (a) thick and short (b) thin and short (c) thick and long (d) thin and long

2. When the length of a vibrating string is tripled, its frequency of vibration (a) becomes three
times the former value (b) becomes one-third its former value (c) becomes six times its former
value (d) becomes one-sixth the former value

3. A tuning fork sounds louder when its stem is pressed against a table top than when held in air
because (a) a larger mass of air is set vibrating by the table top (b) the whole table vibrates in
resonance (c) the whole table has acquire a larger frequency (d) the fork and the table have the
same frequency

4. What type of motion does the skin of a talking drum perform when it is being struck with
drumstick? (a) random (b) rotational (c) vibratory (d) translational

5. Calculate the wavelength of a note which is one octave lower than a note of 256 Hz in a
medium in which the speed of sound is 352m/s (a) 0.69m (b) 1.38m (c) 2.75m (d) 5.50m

SECTION B

Distinguish between noise and musical note

What is echo? Why is considered a nuisance?

Explain the terms; fundamental note, overtones harmonics and intensity

WEEK TEN PRACTICALS

WEEK ELEVEN

REVISION

WEEK TWELVE

EXAMINATION.