Flashcards - Topic 1 Enzymes - Edexcel Biology GCSE
Flashcards - Topic 1 Enzymes - Edexcel Biology GCSE
Flashcards - Topic 1 Enzymes - Edexcel Biology GCSE
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What are enzymes?
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What are enzymes?
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What is an advantage of enzymes in the
body?
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What is an advantage of enzymes in the body?
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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Why are enzymes described as having a
‘high specificity’ for their substrate?
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Why are enzymes described as having a ‘high
specificity’ for their substrate?
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Describe the ‘lock and key’ model
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Describe the ‘lock and key’ model
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What factors affect the rate of an
enzyme-controlled reaction?
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What factors affect the rate of an enzyme-controlled
reaction?
● Temperature
● pH
● Substrate concentration
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Explain how increasing temperature
initially affects the rate of an
enzyme-controlled reaction
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Explain how increasing temperature initially affects
the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction
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Explain how increasing temperature
above the optimum affects the rate of an
enzyme-controlled reaction
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Explain how increasing temperature above the
optimum affects the rate of an enzyme controlled
reaction
● Temperature increases above the optimum
● Increased vibrations break bonds in enzyme’s structure
● Active site changes shape, enzyme is denatured
● No more enzyme-substrate complexes can form
● Rate of reaction decreases
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Draw a graph to show the effect of
increasing temperature on the rate of an
enzyme-catalysed reaction.
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Draw a graph to show the effect of increasing
temperature on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed
reaction.
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Explain how pH affects the rate of an
enzyme-controlled reaction
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Explain how pH affects the rate of an enzyme
controlled reaction
● Enzymes have an optimum pH
● pH shifts from the optimum
● Bonds in the enzyme’s structure are altered
● Active site changes shape, enzyme is denatured
● Rate of reaction decreases
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Draw a graph to show the effect of
increasing pH on the rate of an
enzyme-catalysed reaction
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Draw a graph to show the effect of increasing pH on
the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
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Explain how the substrate concentration
affects the rate of an enzyme-controlled
reaction
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Explain how the substrate-concentration affects the
rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction
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Draw a graph to show the effect of
increasing substrate concentration on
the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
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Draw a graph to show the effect of increasing
substrate concentration on the rate of an
enzyme-catalysed reaction
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How can the rate of an
enzyme-controlled reaction be calculated
when given a value for time?
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How can the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction
be calculated when given a value for time?
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What are the units for rate?
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What are the units for rate?
-1
s
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Why must large organic molecules be
broken down into smaller, simpler
molecules in the body?
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Why must large organic molecules be broken down
into smaller, simpler molecules in the body?
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Give an example of the breakdown of
large molecules into smaller molecules in
plants
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Give an example of the breakdown of large
molecules into smaller molecules in plants
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What type of molecules are proteins and
carbohydrates?
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What type of molecules are proteins and
carbohydrates?
Polymers
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What are the monomers of
carbohydrates?
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What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars
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Which group of enzymes catalyses the
breakdown of carbohydrates?
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Which group of enzymes catalyses the breakdown of
carbohydrates?
Carbohydrases
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Which type of carbohydrase catalyses
the breakdown of starch?
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Which type of carbohydrase catalyses the
breakdown of starch?
Amylase
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What are the monomers of proteins?
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What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
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Which type of enzyme catalyses the
breakdown of proteins?
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Which type of enzyme catalyses the breakdown of
proteins?
Proteases
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What is the function of lipases?
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What is the function of lipases?
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Why are small molecules synthesised
into larger organic molecules in the
body?
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Why are small molecules synthesised into larger
organic molecules in the body?
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Which enzyme catalyses the formation of
glycogen from glucose?
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Which enzyme catalyses the formation of glycogen
from glucose?
Glycogen synthase
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How can the amount of energy contained
in food be measured? (biology only)
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How can the amount of energy contained in food be
measured? (biology only)
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What is calorimetry? (biology only)
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What is calorimetry? (biology only)
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Describe the method used to measure
the amount of energy in a sample of food
(biology only)
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Describe the method used to measure the amount of
energy in a sample of food (biology only)
1. Add a set volume of water to a boiling tube, record initial temperature
2. Record the mass of a small sample of food (e.g. bean)
3. Stick the sample onto a mounted needle
4. Using a bunsen burner light the food sample
5. Hold the sample under the boiling tube until it burns up
6. Record the maximum temperature reached by the water
7. Record the final mass of the food sample
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How can the amount of energy in the
food sample be calculated?
(biology only)
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How can the amount of energy in the food sample be
calculated? (biology only)
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