Flashcards - Topic 7 Rates of Reaction and Energy Changes - Edexcel Chemistry GCSE

Edexcel Chemistry GCSE
Topic 7 - Rates of Reaction and Energy

Changes
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What is the equation for rate of reaction?
What is the equation for rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction =
Amount of reactant used or product formed
Time (s)
What units could be used for rate of
reaction?
What units could be used for rate of reaction?
g/s
cm3/s
mol/s
How can you measure the rate of
reaction when a gas is given off?
How can you measure the rate of reaction when a
gas is given off?
- Measure time and collect gas in an upside down
measuring cylinder in a trough of water or in a gas
syringe to measure the volume of gas produced.
- Measure time and the change in mass.
How can you measure the rate of
reaction when a precipitate is formed?
How can you measure the rate of reaction when a
precipitate is formed?
Put a black cross below a beaker

containing one reactant. Time how long it
takes for the cross to disappear after the
second reactant is added.
Why is using the precipitation method to
investigate rate of a reaction not very
accurate?
Why is using the precipitation method to investigate
rate of a reaction not very accurate?
It’s subjective so people are likely to

disagree over the exact point at which
the cross is no longer visible.
How can you measure rate of reaction
using a digital balance?
How can you measure rate of reaction using a digital
balance?
When a gas is produced as this will cause mass
to decrease. The experiment can be carried out
on a digital balance and the rate of reaction can
be calculated by recording the mass at regular
time intervals.
What does the term ‘activation energy’
mean?
What does the term ‘activation energy’ mean?
The minimum amount of energy required

for a reaction to occur between two
reacting particles.
What must happen for a reaction to
occur?
What must happen for a reaction to occur?
Particles must collide at the correct

orientation with sufficient energy to react.
In terms of particles, what 2 things could
happen when the rate of reaction
increases?
In terms of particles, what 2 things could happen
when the rate of reaction increases?
- More frequent collisions.
- Energy of collisions increases.
How can the rate of a reaction be
increased?
How can the rate of a reaction be increased?
- Increase the temperature.

- Increase the concentration.
- Increase surface area to volume ratio.
- Add a catalyst.
- Increase the pressure (for gases).
How does temperature affect the rate of
reaction?
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing temperature increases the rate of
reaction. This is because the reactants have more
energy so more particles have energy above the
activation energy meaning more collisions will be
successful. Collisions also occur more frequently
because the particles have more kinetic energy.
How does surface area affect the rate of
reaction?
How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing the surface area of reactants

increases the rate of reaction. This is
because a greater surface area means
there are more exposed particles so
more frequent successful collisions.
How does a catalyst affect the rate of
reaction?
How does a catalyst affect the rate of reaction?
A catalyst increases the rate of reaction. This is

because it provides an alternate reaction
pathway with a lower activation energy. More
particles will have sufficient energy to overcome
the activation energy and react so more
successful collisions occur in the same time.
How does concentration affect the rate of
reaction?
How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
Increasing concentration increases the rate

of reaction. This is because there are more
reacting particles in the same volume so
there are more frequent successful
collisions.
How does pressure affect the rate of a
gaseous reaction?
How does pressure affect the rate of a gaseous
reaction?
Increasing the pressure of a gaseous reaction
increases the rate of reaction. This is because there
are more reacting particles in the same volume of
gas (or the same number of particles in a smaller
volume) so more frequent successful collisions
occur.
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid
to produce calcium chloride, water and
carbon dioxide. How could you measure
the rate of reaction?
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid to produce
calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. How
could you measure the rate of reaction?
Since gaseous carbon dioxide is released,
the rate can be measured by using a digital
balance to measure the change in mass
over a period of time.
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid
to produce calcium chloride, water and
carbon dioxide. How could the rate of
this reaction be increased?
Marble chips react with hydrochloric acid to produce
calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. How
could the rate of this reaction be increased?
- Increase the surface area of the marble
chips by turning them into a powder.
- Increase concentration of acid.
- Increase temperature.
After completing an experiment, how can
you find the rate of reaction using a
graph?
After completing an experiment, how can you find
the rate of reaction using a graph?
Plot:
● X axis: time
● Y axis: amount of reactant used or product formed
Draw a tangent to a point on the graph and find the
gradient of this line to find the rate of reaction at that
time.
A graph showing time and the amount of
gas given off during an experiment has a
steep gradient. What does this tell you
about the rate of the reaction?
A graph showing time and the amount of gas given
off during an experiment has a steep gradient. What
does this tell you about the rate of the reaction?
Fast rate of reaction.
A graph is plotted to show time and the
amount of gas given off during a
reaction. Describe the shape of the curve
A graph is plotted to show time and the amount of
gas given off during a reaction. Describe the shape
of the curve
Initially the curve is very steep as the rate of reaction is relatively fast at
the start.
The curve becomes less steep as the reactants get used up because
there are fewer successful collisions occurring.
At the end, the graph is a flat line because all the reactants have been
turned into products.
What is a catalyst?
What is a catalyst?
A substance which speeds up the rate of
a reaction without being chemically
changed at the end.
How does a catalyst speed up the rate of
a reaction?
How does a catalyst speed up the rate of a reaction?
It provides an alternate reaction pathway
with a lower activation energy.
What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?
Enzymes act as biological catalysts that

increase the rate of reactions in living
cells.
Which enzyme is used to produce
ethanol from glucose?
Which enzyme is used to produce ethanol from
glucose?
Yeast
What do the terms exothermic and
endothermic mean?
What do the terms exothermic and endothermic
mean?
Endothermic - a reaction that takes in
heat energy from the surroundings.
Exothermic - a reaction that gives out
energy to the surroundings.
Are neutralisation reactions endothermic
or exothermic?
Are neutralisation reactions endothermic or
exothermic?
Exothermic
Are displacement reactions endothermic
or exothermic?
Are displacement reactions endothermic or
exothermic?
Either exothermic or endothermic.
Is a salt dissolving in water endothermic
or exothermic?
Is a salt dissolving in water endothermic or
exothermic?
Either exothermic or endothermic.
Are precipitation reactions endothermic
or exothermic?
Are precipitation reactions endothermic or
exothermic?
Exothermic
How could you measure the temperature
change of a neutralisation reaction?
How could you measure the temperature change of
a neutralisation reaction?
1. Measure initial temperature of the solutions.
2. Mix both reactants in a polystyrene cup.
3. Record the highest temperature reached.
4. Calculate the temperature change.
When measuring the temperature
change of a reaction, heat loss means
that measurements may be inaccurate.
How could heat loss be minimised during
an experiment?
When measuring the temperature change of a
reaction, heat loss means that measurements may
be inaccurate. How could heat loss be minimised
during an experiment?
- Use polystyrene cup.
- Place reaction cup in a beaker full with cotton
wool for extra insulation.
- Lid on the reaction cup.
In terms of bond energies, what happens
during a chemical reaction? Describe
exothermic and endothermic reactions in
terms of bonds breaking/forming.
In terms of bond energies, what happens during a
chemical reaction? Describe exothermic and
endothermic reactions in terms of bonds
breaking/forming.
Energy is needed to break bonds and is released when bonds are made.
Exothermic: Energy released from breaking bonds is greater than the energy
used to make bonds.
Endothermic: Energy released in forming new bond is greater than the energy
used to break old bonds.
What two types of reaction are
exothermic?
What two types of reaction are exothermic?
Combustion
Neutralisation
Give an example of an endothermic
reaction
Give an example of an endothermic reaction
Thermal decomposition
Photosynthesis
How can the energy change of a reaction
be calculated from bond energies?
(higher)
How can the energy change of a reaction be
calculated from bond energies? (higher)
Energy change (kJ mol-1) =
Total energy of bonds broken - total energy of bonds made.
If the energy change of a reaction is
negative, is the reaction exothermic or
endothermic? (higher)
If the energy change of a reaction is negative, is the
reaction exothermic or endothermic? (higher)
Exothermic, energy has been lost to the

surroundings.
What is a reaction profile?
What is a reaction profile?
A graph showing the relative energies of

reactants and products, as well as the
activation energy of a reaction.
Draw a reaction profile for an
endothermic reaction
Draw a reaction profile for an endothermic reaction
Draw a reaction profile for an exothermic
reaction
Draw a reaction profile for an exothermic reaction

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Edexcel Chemistry GCSE

Topic 7 - Rates of Reaction and Energy

PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

Put a black cross below a beaker

It’s subjective so people are likely to

The minimum amount of energy required

Particles must collide at the correct

- Increase the temperature.

Increasing the surface area of reactants

A catalyst increases the rate of reaction. This is

Increasing concentration increases the rate

Enzymes act as biological catalysts that

Either exothermic or endothermic.

Either exothermic or endothermic.

Total energy of bonds broken - total energy of bonds made.

Exothermic, energy has been lost to the

A graph showing the relative energies of

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