Flashcards - 2e Nutrition - Edexcel Biology IGCSE

Edexcel Biology IGCSE
2.e - Nutrition
Flashcards
PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

This work by https://bit.ly/pmt-edu-cc CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc
What is photosynthesis?
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process where

some organisms are able to turn light
energy into chemical energy.
What type of organisms use
photosynthesis to make their own food?
What type of organisms use photosynthesis to make
their own food?
Producers
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is an endothermic
reaction.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Photosynthesis takes place in the

chloroplasts.
What is the word equation for
photosynthesis?
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
What is the symbol equation for
photosynthesis?
What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Explain the effect of temperature on the
rate of photosynthesis
Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis
- As temperature increases, so does the rate of
photosynthesis
- Once the temperature exceeds the optimum,
the rate of photosynthesis decreases as
enzymes begin to denature
Explain the effect of light intensity on the
rate of photosynthesis
Explain the effect of light intensity on the rate of
photosynthesis
As the light intensity increases, so does

the rate of photosynthesis.
What is the inverse square law?
What is the inverse square law?
As the distance from the light source

doubles, the light intensity quarters.
Light intensity ∝ 1 / distance2
Explain the effect of carbon dioxide
concentration on the rate of
photosynthesis
Explain the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on
the rate of photosynthesis
As the concentration of carbon dioxide

increases, so does the rate of
photosynthesis.
What is a limiting factor?
What is a limiting factor?
A factor that limits the rate of a reaction

when there is not enough of it.
Describe the structure of leaf tissue
Describe the structure of leaf tissue
Give 3 ways leaves are adapted for
photosynthesis
Give 3 ways leaves are adapted for photosynthesis
- They are thin which provides a short diffusion distance

- The spongy mesophyll layer has lots of air spaces for
efficient gas exchange
- Palisade mesophyll cells have lots of chloroplasts for
photosynthesis
What are mineral ions used for in a
plant?
What are mineral ions used for in a plant?
Mineral ions are used for growth in

plants.
Give 2 common ions in plants
Give 2 common ions in plants
2+
Magnesium ion (Mg )
Nitrate ion (NO3-)
What are magnesium ions used for in
plants?
What are magnesium ions used for in plants?
They are used in chlorophyll
What are nitrate ions used for in
organisms?
What are nitrate ions used for in organisms?
Nitrate ions are used in amino acids.
Why is a balanced diet important?
Why is a balanced diet important?
The body needs different substances in

different proportions to function properly,
too much or too little of different things
can be harmful.
What 7 groups are needed for a
balanced diet?
What 7 groups are needed for a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats),

vitamins, minerals, water and dietary
fibre.
What is the function of carbohydrates in
the diet?
What is the function of carbohydrates in the diet?
Carbohydrates are the body’s main

source of energy.
What are the functions of proteins in the
body?
What are the functions of proteins in the body?
Proteins can have structural or metabolic

roles in the body and are used as
hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc
What are the functions of lipids in the
body?
What are the functions of lipids in the body?
- Energy storage
- Cell membranes
- Buoyancy
- Insulation
What is vitamin A used for?
What is vitamin A used for?
- Keeping the skin healthy

- Improved vision in the dark
- Strengthening the immune system
What is vitamin C used for?
What is vitamin C used for?
Growth and repair
What is vitamin D used for?
What is vitamin D used for?
Vitamin D is used in the absorption of

calcium.
What is calcium used for in the body?
What is calcium used for in the body?
Calcium strengthens bones and teeth.
What is iron used for in the body?
What is iron used for in the body?
Iron is used in haemoglobin to transport

oxygen in the blood.
What is water used for in the body?
What is water used for in the body?
- A reaction medium
- Temperature control
- Transport
What is dietary fibre used for?
What is dietary fibre used for?
It helps keep everything flowing through

the digestive system.
Compare the energy requirements of
more and less active people
Compare the energy requirements of more and less
active people
The more active a person is, the greater

their energy requirement.
Describe how energy requirements
change as we age
Describe how energy requirements change as we
age
Adults generally require more energy

than children.
What is the alimentary canal?
What is the alimentary canal?
The alimentary canal is the complete

tube that food passes through as it
passes through the body.
What is the difference between the
alimentary canal and the digestive
system?
What is the difference between the alimentary canal
and the digestive system?
The alimentary canal involves the tubes

that the food passes through whereas
the digestive system also includes
digestive glands.
Describe the passage of food through
the alimentary canal
Describe the passage of food through the alimentary
canal
Mouth → oesophagus → stomach →

small intestine → large intestine →
rectum
What is the function of the mouth?
What is the function of the mouth?
- To chew and break down food

- To secrete digestive enzymes
What is the oesophagus?
What is the oesophagus?
The tube that carries food from the

mouth to the stomach.
What does the stomach do?
What does the stomach do?
The stomach is a muscular sac

containing acid that pummels the food
and breaks it down further.
What role does the pancreas play in
digestion?
What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
The pancreas secretes digestive

enzymes into the small intestine.
What are the two parts of the small
intestine called?
What are the two parts of the small intestine called?
Duodenum and ileum
What is the function of the duodenum?
What is the function of the duodenum?
The duodenum receives food directly

from the stomach and uses enzymes
and chemical digestion to break the food
down.
What is the function of the ileum?
What is the function of the ileum?
Most nutrients are absorbed from the

food in the ileum into the blood.
How is the ileum adapted for absorption?
How is the ileum adapted to absorption?
The ileum is lined with villi which provide

a large surface area for reabsorption
How are villi adapted for absorption?
How are villi adapted for absorption?
- Thin walls
- Large surface area
- Good blood supply close to the surface
What is the function of the large intestine
(colon)?
What is the function of the large intestine (colon)?
Water is reabsorbed into the blood in the

large intestine.
What is the function of the rectum?
What is the function of the rectum?
The rectum stores faeces before

egestion
How does peristalsis work to push food
through the gut?
How does peristalsis work to push food through the
gut?
Muscles contract in a wave like fashion

which pushes food along.
What enzymes break starch down to
glucose?
What enzymes break starch down to glucose?
Maltase and amylase
What group of enzymes break proteins
down into amino acids?
What group of enzymes break proteins down into
amino acids?
Proteases
What group of enzymes break lipids
down into glycerol and fatty acids?
What group of enzymes break lipids down into
glycerol and fatty acids?
Lipases
What does bile do?
What does bile do?
- Bile neutralises the stomach acid and provides

alkaline conditions for the digestive enzymes in
the small intestine
- Bile also emulsifies fats
Where is bile produced?
Where is bile produced?
Bile is produced in the liver
Where is bile stored?
Where is bile stored?
Bile is stored in the gallbladder

Flashcards - 2e Nutrition - Edexcel Biology IGCSE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Flashcards - 2e Nutrition - Edexcel Biology IGCSE

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Flashcards - 2e Nutrition - Edexcel Biology IGCSE

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Edexcel Biology IGCSE

PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

Photosynthesis is the process where

Photosynthesis takes place in the

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

As the light intensity increases, so does

As the distance from the light source

As the concentration of carbon dioxide

A factor that limits the rate of a reaction

- They are thin which provides a short diffusion distance

Mineral ions are used for growth in

They are used in chlorophyll

Nitrate ions are used in amino acids.

The body needs different substances in

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats),

Carbohydrates are the body’s main

Proteins can have structural or metabolic

- Keeping the skin healthy

Growth and repair

Vitamin D is used in the absorption of

Calcium strengthens bones and teeth.

Iron is used in haemoglobin to transport

It helps keep everything flowing through

The more active a person is, the greater

Adults generally require more energy

The alimentary canal is the complete

The alimentary canal involves the tubes

Mouth → oesophagus → stomach →

- To chew and break down food

The tube that carries food from the

The stomach is a muscular sac

The pancreas secretes digestive

Duodenum and ileum

The duodenum receives food directly

Most nutrients are absorbed from the

The ileum is lined with villi which provide

Water is reabsorbed into the blood in the

The rectum stores faeces before

Muscles contract in a wave like fashion

Maltase and amylase

- Bile neutralises the stomach acid and provides

Bile is produced in the liver

Bile is stored in the gallbladder

You might also like